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HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF Sarotherodon melanotheron FROM A SLUM NEIGHBOURHOOD ENVIRONMENT

Year 2015, , 90 - 97, 20.02.2015
https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR15009

Abstract

A total of 18 live specimens of the black jaw tilapia,
Sarotherodon melanotheron, mean
weight (82.95 ±3.27g)
and mean length (13.1 ±0.35cm), were sam­pled bimonthly for three months from the Makoko
ar­ea, a slum neighbourhood, of Lagos Lagoon, to estab­lish the haematological
and biochemical indices of the fish species which will serve as baseline for
further studies and ascertain the health of the environment. The mean value and
standard error of mean of some of the haematological parameters analyzed were: Hb: 89.65 ±3.63g/l, PCV: 27.47 ±0.58%, RBC: 3.05 ±0.06T/L,
WBC: 10.02 ±0.40g/L, MCV: 86.87 ±1.39fl, MCH: 29.64±0.62pg, MCHC: 33.29
±0.13g/dl, Neutrophils: 22.89 ±0.63%, Lymphocyte: 79.67 ±1.49% and Monocyte:
0.72 ±0.25%. No Eo­sinophils and Basophils were recorded in this study. While
the mean and standard error of mean of the bio­chemical enzymes analyzed in
IU/L, were: AST (76.84 ±4.08), ALT (23.06 ±2.12) and ALP (77.74 ±6.12). There
was statistical significance (p<0.05) in the following haematological
parameters: Hb, WBC, MCV, Neutrophils and Lymphocytes. There was sta­tistical
significance (p<0.05) in all the biochemical indices. It was established
that the water was polluted with heavy metals, sewage and other organic pollu­tants
such as wood wastes, and that these pollutants have altered the haematology and
biochemistry of the fish species.

References

  • Ademola-Aremu, O.O., Aina, O.M., Adetiloye, A.O. (2009): Levels of Lead, Cadmium and Chromium in Oreochromis niloticus in La¬gos State Lagoon. Ethiopian Journal of En-vironmental Studies and Management, 2(3): 13-18.
  • Akinrotimi, O.A. (2011): Biochemical Changes in Black Jaw Tilapia (Sarotherodon mel-anotheron) treated with subs lethal Levels of Industrial Effluents. Science Education De-velopment Institute, 1: 25–33.
  • Akinrotimi, O.A.; Abu, O.M.G.; Ansa, E.J.; Edun, O.M. and George, O.S. (2009). Hae-matological responses of Tilapia guineensis to acute stress. Journal of Natural and App¬lied Sciences, 5: 338-343.
  • Alwan, S.F., Hadi, A.A., Shokr, A.E. (2009): Al¬terations in haematological parameters of fresh water fish, Tilapia zilli, exposed to al¬uminium. Journal of Science and Its Appli¬cations, 3(1): 12-19.
  • Atamanalp, M., Yanık, T. (2002): Alterations in haematological parameters of rainbow trout exposed to Mancozeb. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 12: 1213-1217.
  • Das, P.C., Ayyappan, S., Das, B.K., Jena, J.K. (2004): Nitrite toxicity in Indian major carps sub lethal effects on selected enzymes in fingerlings of Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. Comparative Biochemis¬try and Physiology, 138: 3-10.
  • Duthie, G.G., Tort, L. (1985): Effects of dorsal aortic cannulation on the respiration and haematology of the Mediterranean dog-fish, Scyliorhinus canicula. Comparative Bio-chemistry and Physiology, 81(A): 879-883.
  • Ellis, R.J., Vande Heuvel, M.R., Smith, E., (2003). In vivo and in vitro assessment of the androgenic potential of a pulp and paper mill effluent. Environmental Toxicol-ogy and Chemistry, 22: 1448-1456.
  • Emmanuel, B.E., Ogunwenmo, C.A. (2010): The macrobenthos and the fishes of a tropical es-tuarine creek in lagos, south-western Nige¬ria. Report and Opinion, 2(1):6-13.
  • Eyeson, K.N. (1979): Studies on egg production, spawning and fry development in Tilapia melanotheron. The Ghana Journal of Science, 17(1): 25-34.
  • Folmar, L.C. (1993): Effects of chemical contam¬inants on blood chemistry of teleostean fish: a bibliography and synopsis of se¬lected effects. Environmental Toxicolo¬gy and Chemistry, 12: 337-375.
  • Gabriel, U.U., Akinrotimi, O.A. (2011): Man¬agement of Stress in fish for sustainable aq-uaculture development. Researcher 3(4): 28-38.
  • Gill, T.S., Epple, A. (1993); Stress related chang¬es in the haematology profile of the Ameri¬can eel (Anguilla rostrata). Ecotoxicolo¬gy and Environmental Safety, 25: 227-235.
  • Golovina, N.A. (1996): Morpho-functional char¬acteristics of the blood of fish as objects of aquaculture. PhD. Thesis. Moscow. Uni¬versity of Moscow. 53pp.
  • Gul, S., Belga-Kunita, E., Yildiz, E., Sahen, A., Doren, F. (2004): Pollution correlation mod-ifications of liver antioxidal systems and histopathology of fish (cyprinidae) Living in Seyhan Dam Lake, Turkey. Environment International, 30: 605-609.
  • Hesser, E.F. (1960): Methods of routine fish haematology. Progressive Fish Culturist, 22(4): 164-171.
  • Hickey, C.R.Jr. (1982): Comparative haematolo¬gy of wild and captive cunners. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 111: 242–249.
  • Jung, S.H., Sim, D.S., Kim. Y. (2003): Effects of formalin on haematological and blood chem-istry in olive flounder Paralichthys oliva¬ceus. Aquaculture Research, 34: 1269-1275.
  • Kori-Siakpere, O., Ikomi, R.B., Ogbe, M.G., (2010): Variations in Acid Phosphatase and Alkaline Phosphatase Activities in the Plas¬ma of the African Catfish: Clarias gariepi¬nus Exposed to Sub lethal Concentra¬tions of Potassium Permanganate. Asian Jo¬urnal of Experimental Biological Science, 1(1): 170-174.
  • Landman, M.J., Vanden Heuvel, M.R., Finley, M., Ling, N. (2006): combined effects of pulp and paper effluent dehydroabiatic acid and hypoxia on swimming performance, me¬tabolism and haematology of rainbow trout. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 65: 314-322.
  • Luskova, V. (1997): Annual cycles and normal values of haematological parameters in fish¬es. Acta Scientarium Naturalium Academiae Scientarum Bohemicae Brno, 31(5): 70-78.
  • Musa, S.O., Omoregie, E. (1999): Haematologi¬cal changes in the mud fish Clarias gariepi¬nus exposed to malachite green. Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 14: 37-42.
  • National Research Council (NRC), (1987): Bi¬omarkers. Environmental Health Perspec¬tives, 74: 3-9.
  • Nikinmaa, M., Oikari, A.O. (1992): Physiological changes in trout (Salmo gairdineri) during a short term exposure to resin acids and during recovery. Toxicology Letters, 14:103-110.
  • Nte, M.E., Akinrotimi, O.A. (2011): Biochemical Changes in Black Jaw Tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) treated with sub lethal Levels of Industrial Effluents. Science Education Development Institute, 1: 25-33.
  • Ogbulie, J.N., Okpowasili, G.C. (1999): Haema¬tological and Histological responses of Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus bi¬dorsalis to some bacterial diseases in Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 27(1): 1-16.
  • Olakolu, F.C., Hassan, A.A., Renner, K.O. (2012): Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Biomarker Activities as Indicator of Pollu¬tion in Blue Crab Callinectes amnicola from Lagos lagoon. British Journal of Science, 5(2): 47-56.
  • Ortiz, J.B., De Canales, M.L.G., Sarasquete, C. (2003) : Histopathological changes induced by lindane in various organs of fishes. Scien¬tia Marina, 67(1): 53-61.
  • Owolabi, O.D. (2011): Haematological and se¬rum biochemical profile of the upside-down catfish, Synodontis membranacea Geof¬froy Saint Hilaire from Jebba Lake, Nigeria. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 20: 163-172.
  • Pauly, D. (1976): The biology, fishery and poten¬tial for aquaculture of Tilapia melanotheron in a small West African lagoon. Aquacul¬ture, 7: 33-49.
  • Parma, M.J., Loteste, A., Campana M., Bacchet¬ta, C. (2007): Changes of haematological parameters in Prochilodus lineatus (Pisces, prochilodontidae) exposed to sub lethal concentration of cypermethrin. Journal of Environmental Science, 141: 216-228.
  • Ramalingam, S.T. (2011): Modern Biology (6th Edition). African First Publishers PLC, Onisha, Nigeria. 573pp
  • Robins, C.R., Bailey, R.M., Bond, C.E., Brooker, J.R., Lachner, E.A., Lea, R.N., Scott, W.B. (1991): World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. American Fishery Society Special Publication 21. 243pp.
  • Sampath, K., Velamnial, S., Kennedy, I.J., James, R. (1993): Haematological changes and their recovery in Oreochromis mossambicus as a function of exposure period and sublethal levels of ekalus. Acta Hydrobiologica, 35: 73-83.
  • Summarwar, S., Deepali, L. (2013): Biochemical Alterations of Antioxidant Enzymes in Fishes of Bisalpur Reservoir. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 3(1):128-132
  • Trewevas, E. (1983): Tilapiine Fishes of the Genera: Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Museum of Natural History, Publ. Num. 878. Comstock Publishing Associates. Ithaca, New York. 583pp.
  • Ugwu, L.L.C., Nwamba, H.O., Mgbenka, B.O. (2006): Effect of crude oil and the fractions on the blood haemoglobin and neutrophil concentrations in Heterobrancchus bidorsalis juveniles. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), Calabar, 13th-17th November, 2006.
  • Witeska M, Kosciuk B (2003): Changes in common carp blood after shortterm zinc exposure. Environmental Sci¬ence and Pollution Research, 3: 15-24.
  • Parma, M.J., Loteste, A., Campana M., Bacchet¬ta, C. (2007): Changes of haematological parameters in Prochilodus lineatus (Pisces, prochilodontidae) exposed to sub lethal concentration of cypermethrin. Journal of Environmental Science, 141: 216-228.
  • Ramalingam, S.T. (2011): Modern Biology (6th Edition). African First Publishers PLC, On¬isha, Nigeria. 573pp
  • Robins, C.R., Bailey, R.M., Bond, C.E., Brooker, J.R., Lachner, E.A., Lea, R.N., Scott, W.B. (1991): World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. American Fishery Society Special Publication 21. 243pp.
  • Sampath, K., Velamnial, S., Kennedy, I.J., James, R. (1993): Haematological changes and their recovery in Oreochromis mossambicus as a function of exposure period and sublethal levels of ekalus. Acta Hydrobiologica, 35: 73-83.
  • Summarwar, S., Deepali, L. (2013): Biochemical Alterations of Antioxidant Enzymes in Fishes of Bisalpur Reservoir. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 3(1):128-132
  • Trewevas, E. (1983): Tilapiine Fishes of the Genera: Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Museum of Natural History, Publ. Num. 878. Comstock Publishing Associates. Ithaca, New York. 583pp.
  • Ugwu, L.L.C., Nwamba, H.O., Mgbenka, B.O. (2006): Effect of crude oil and the fractions on the blood haemoglobin and neutrophil concentrations in Heterobrancchus bidorsa¬lis juveniles. In Proceedings of the 21st An¬nual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), Calabar, 13th-17th November, 2006.
  • Witeska M, Kosciuk B (2003): Changes in common carp blood after shortterm zinc exposure. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 3: 15-24.
Year 2015, , 90 - 97, 20.02.2015
https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR15009

Abstract

References

  • Ademola-Aremu, O.O., Aina, O.M., Adetiloye, A.O. (2009): Levels of Lead, Cadmium and Chromium in Oreochromis niloticus in La¬gos State Lagoon. Ethiopian Journal of En-vironmental Studies and Management, 2(3): 13-18.
  • Akinrotimi, O.A. (2011): Biochemical Changes in Black Jaw Tilapia (Sarotherodon mel-anotheron) treated with subs lethal Levels of Industrial Effluents. Science Education De-velopment Institute, 1: 25–33.
  • Akinrotimi, O.A.; Abu, O.M.G.; Ansa, E.J.; Edun, O.M. and George, O.S. (2009). Hae-matological responses of Tilapia guineensis to acute stress. Journal of Natural and App¬lied Sciences, 5: 338-343.
  • Alwan, S.F., Hadi, A.A., Shokr, A.E. (2009): Al¬terations in haematological parameters of fresh water fish, Tilapia zilli, exposed to al¬uminium. Journal of Science and Its Appli¬cations, 3(1): 12-19.
  • Atamanalp, M., Yanık, T. (2002): Alterations in haematological parameters of rainbow trout exposed to Mancozeb. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 12: 1213-1217.
  • Das, P.C., Ayyappan, S., Das, B.K., Jena, J.K. (2004): Nitrite toxicity in Indian major carps sub lethal effects on selected enzymes in fingerlings of Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala. Comparative Biochemis¬try and Physiology, 138: 3-10.
  • Duthie, G.G., Tort, L. (1985): Effects of dorsal aortic cannulation on the respiration and haematology of the Mediterranean dog-fish, Scyliorhinus canicula. Comparative Bio-chemistry and Physiology, 81(A): 879-883.
  • Ellis, R.J., Vande Heuvel, M.R., Smith, E., (2003). In vivo and in vitro assessment of the androgenic potential of a pulp and paper mill effluent. Environmental Toxicol-ogy and Chemistry, 22: 1448-1456.
  • Emmanuel, B.E., Ogunwenmo, C.A. (2010): The macrobenthos and the fishes of a tropical es-tuarine creek in lagos, south-western Nige¬ria. Report and Opinion, 2(1):6-13.
  • Eyeson, K.N. (1979): Studies on egg production, spawning and fry development in Tilapia melanotheron. The Ghana Journal of Science, 17(1): 25-34.
  • Folmar, L.C. (1993): Effects of chemical contam¬inants on blood chemistry of teleostean fish: a bibliography and synopsis of se¬lected effects. Environmental Toxicolo¬gy and Chemistry, 12: 337-375.
  • Gabriel, U.U., Akinrotimi, O.A. (2011): Man¬agement of Stress in fish for sustainable aq-uaculture development. Researcher 3(4): 28-38.
  • Gill, T.S., Epple, A. (1993); Stress related chang¬es in the haematology profile of the Ameri¬can eel (Anguilla rostrata). Ecotoxicolo¬gy and Environmental Safety, 25: 227-235.
  • Golovina, N.A. (1996): Morpho-functional char¬acteristics of the blood of fish as objects of aquaculture. PhD. Thesis. Moscow. Uni¬versity of Moscow. 53pp.
  • Gul, S., Belga-Kunita, E., Yildiz, E., Sahen, A., Doren, F. (2004): Pollution correlation mod-ifications of liver antioxidal systems and histopathology of fish (cyprinidae) Living in Seyhan Dam Lake, Turkey. Environment International, 30: 605-609.
  • Hesser, E.F. (1960): Methods of routine fish haematology. Progressive Fish Culturist, 22(4): 164-171.
  • Hickey, C.R.Jr. (1982): Comparative haematolo¬gy of wild and captive cunners. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 111: 242–249.
  • Jung, S.H., Sim, D.S., Kim. Y. (2003): Effects of formalin on haematological and blood chem-istry in olive flounder Paralichthys oliva¬ceus. Aquaculture Research, 34: 1269-1275.
  • Kori-Siakpere, O., Ikomi, R.B., Ogbe, M.G., (2010): Variations in Acid Phosphatase and Alkaline Phosphatase Activities in the Plas¬ma of the African Catfish: Clarias gariepi¬nus Exposed to Sub lethal Concentra¬tions of Potassium Permanganate. Asian Jo¬urnal of Experimental Biological Science, 1(1): 170-174.
  • Landman, M.J., Vanden Heuvel, M.R., Finley, M., Ling, N. (2006): combined effects of pulp and paper effluent dehydroabiatic acid and hypoxia on swimming performance, me¬tabolism and haematology of rainbow trout. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 65: 314-322.
  • Luskova, V. (1997): Annual cycles and normal values of haematological parameters in fish¬es. Acta Scientarium Naturalium Academiae Scientarum Bohemicae Brno, 31(5): 70-78.
  • Musa, S.O., Omoregie, E. (1999): Haematologi¬cal changes in the mud fish Clarias gariepi¬nus exposed to malachite green. Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 14: 37-42.
  • National Research Council (NRC), (1987): Bi¬omarkers. Environmental Health Perspec¬tives, 74: 3-9.
  • Nikinmaa, M., Oikari, A.O. (1992): Physiological changes in trout (Salmo gairdineri) during a short term exposure to resin acids and during recovery. Toxicology Letters, 14:103-110.
  • Nte, M.E., Akinrotimi, O.A. (2011): Biochemical Changes in Black Jaw Tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron) treated with sub lethal Levels of Industrial Effluents. Science Education Development Institute, 1: 25-33.
  • Ogbulie, J.N., Okpowasili, G.C. (1999): Haema¬tological and Histological responses of Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus bi¬dorsalis to some bacterial diseases in Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 27(1): 1-16.
  • Olakolu, F.C., Hassan, A.A., Renner, K.O. (2012): Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Biomarker Activities as Indicator of Pollu¬tion in Blue Crab Callinectes amnicola from Lagos lagoon. British Journal of Science, 5(2): 47-56.
  • Ortiz, J.B., De Canales, M.L.G., Sarasquete, C. (2003) : Histopathological changes induced by lindane in various organs of fishes. Scien¬tia Marina, 67(1): 53-61.
  • Owolabi, O.D. (2011): Haematological and se¬rum biochemical profile of the upside-down catfish, Synodontis membranacea Geof¬froy Saint Hilaire from Jebba Lake, Nigeria. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 20: 163-172.
  • Pauly, D. (1976): The biology, fishery and poten¬tial for aquaculture of Tilapia melanotheron in a small West African lagoon. Aquacul¬ture, 7: 33-49.
  • Parma, M.J., Loteste, A., Campana M., Bacchet¬ta, C. (2007): Changes of haematological parameters in Prochilodus lineatus (Pisces, prochilodontidae) exposed to sub lethal concentration of cypermethrin. Journal of Environmental Science, 141: 216-228.
  • Ramalingam, S.T. (2011): Modern Biology (6th Edition). African First Publishers PLC, Onisha, Nigeria. 573pp
  • Robins, C.R., Bailey, R.M., Bond, C.E., Brooker, J.R., Lachner, E.A., Lea, R.N., Scott, W.B. (1991): World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. American Fishery Society Special Publication 21. 243pp.
  • Sampath, K., Velamnial, S., Kennedy, I.J., James, R. (1993): Haematological changes and their recovery in Oreochromis mossambicus as a function of exposure period and sublethal levels of ekalus. Acta Hydrobiologica, 35: 73-83.
  • Summarwar, S., Deepali, L. (2013): Biochemical Alterations of Antioxidant Enzymes in Fishes of Bisalpur Reservoir. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 3(1):128-132
  • Trewevas, E. (1983): Tilapiine Fishes of the Genera: Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Museum of Natural History, Publ. Num. 878. Comstock Publishing Associates. Ithaca, New York. 583pp.
  • Ugwu, L.L.C., Nwamba, H.O., Mgbenka, B.O. (2006): Effect of crude oil and the fractions on the blood haemoglobin and neutrophil concentrations in Heterobrancchus bidorsalis juveniles. In Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), Calabar, 13th-17th November, 2006.
  • Witeska M, Kosciuk B (2003): Changes in common carp blood after shortterm zinc exposure. Environmental Sci¬ence and Pollution Research, 3: 15-24.
  • Parma, M.J., Loteste, A., Campana M., Bacchet¬ta, C. (2007): Changes of haematological parameters in Prochilodus lineatus (Pisces, prochilodontidae) exposed to sub lethal concentration of cypermethrin. Journal of Environmental Science, 141: 216-228.
  • Ramalingam, S.T. (2011): Modern Biology (6th Edition). African First Publishers PLC, On¬isha, Nigeria. 573pp
  • Robins, C.R., Bailey, R.M., Bond, C.E., Brooker, J.R., Lachner, E.A., Lea, R.N., Scott, W.B. (1991): World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada. American Fishery Society Special Publication 21. 243pp.
  • Sampath, K., Velamnial, S., Kennedy, I.J., James, R. (1993): Haematological changes and their recovery in Oreochromis mossambicus as a function of exposure period and sublethal levels of ekalus. Acta Hydrobiologica, 35: 73-83.
  • Summarwar, S., Deepali, L. (2013): Biochemical Alterations of Antioxidant Enzymes in Fishes of Bisalpur Reservoir. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 3(1):128-132
  • Trewevas, E. (1983): Tilapiine Fishes of the Genera: Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Museum of Natural History, Publ. Num. 878. Comstock Publishing Associates. Ithaca, New York. 583pp.
  • Ugwu, L.L.C., Nwamba, H.O., Mgbenka, B.O. (2006): Effect of crude oil and the fractions on the blood haemoglobin and neutrophil concentrations in Heterobrancchus bidorsa¬lis juveniles. In Proceedings of the 21st An¬nual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON), Calabar, 13th-17th November, 2006.
  • Witeska M, Kosciuk B (2003): Changes in common carp blood after shortterm zinc exposure. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 3: 15-24.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Olufemi O. Soyinka This is me

Simeon O. Ayoola This is me

George C. Ugwu This is me

Publication Date February 20, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015

Cite

APA Soyinka, O. O., Ayoola, S. O., & Ugwu, G. C. (2015). HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF Sarotherodon melanotheron FROM A SLUM NEIGHBOURHOOD ENVIRONMENT. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, 1(2), 90-97. https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR15009
AMA Soyinka OO, Ayoola SO, Ugwu GC. HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF Sarotherodon melanotheron FROM A SLUM NEIGHBOURHOOD ENVIRONMENT. J Aquacult Eng Fish Res. April 2015;1(2):90-97. doi:10.3153/JAEFR15009
Chicago Soyinka, Olufemi O., Simeon O. Ayoola, and George C. Ugwu. “HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF Sarotherodon Melanotheron FROM A SLUM NEIGHBOURHOOD ENVIRONMENT”. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 1, no. 2 (April 2015): 90-97. https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR15009.
EndNote Soyinka OO, Ayoola SO, Ugwu GC (April 1, 2015) HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF Sarotherodon melanotheron FROM A SLUM NEIGHBOURHOOD ENVIRONMENT. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 1 2 90–97.
IEEE O. O. Soyinka, S. O. Ayoola, and G. C. Ugwu, “HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF Sarotherodon melanotheron FROM A SLUM NEIGHBOURHOOD ENVIRONMENT”, J Aquacult Eng Fish Res, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 90–97, 2015, doi: 10.3153/JAEFR15009.
ISNAD Soyinka, Olufemi O. et al. “HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF Sarotherodon Melanotheron FROM A SLUM NEIGHBOURHOOD ENVIRONMENT”. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research 1/2 (April 2015), 90-97. https://doi.org/10.3153/JAEFR15009.
JAMA Soyinka OO, Ayoola SO, Ugwu GC. HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF Sarotherodon melanotheron FROM A SLUM NEIGHBOURHOOD ENVIRONMENT. J Aquacult Eng Fish Res. 2015;1:90–97.
MLA Soyinka, Olufemi O. et al. “HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF Sarotherodon Melanotheron FROM A SLUM NEIGHBOURHOOD ENVIRONMENT”. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, vol. 1, no. 2, 2015, pp. 90-97, doi:10.3153/JAEFR15009.
Vancouver Soyinka OO, Ayoola SO, Ugwu GC. HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF Sarotherodon melanotheron FROM A SLUM NEIGHBOURHOOD ENVIRONMENT. J Aquacult Eng Fish Res. 2015;1(2):90-7.