GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CLARIAS GARIEPINUS FINGERLINGS FED Citrullus lanatus SEED MEAL AS A REPLACEMENT FOR SOYBEAN MEAL

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate the growth per­formance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed wa­termelon seed meal as substitute for soybean meal. Five diets of 35% crude protein were formulated with watermelon seed meal replacing soybeans at 25% (DT₂), 50% (DT₃), 75% (DT₄), 100% (DT₅) and con­trol diet 0% (DT₁) had no inclusion of Watermelon seed meal. Twenty fingerlings were randomly allocat­ed in replicate for each treatment in outdoor hapas and fed 5% body weight throughout the study period of 8weeks with weekly weight measurement and appro­priate feed adjustment. The mean weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio were highest in DT₂ (5.05g,0.019 and 0.96 respectively) while lower values were recorded in DT₅ (3.31g, 0.014, 0.80 re­spectively). Superiority of protein in soybean as well as anti-nutritional factor present in the raw watermel­on seed meal and high fiber contents of diet are envis­aged as reasons for better performance of diet with no or lesser water melon meal inclusion, hence it inclu­sion should be limited to 16% for better growth per­formance of Clarias gariepinus.

Keywords

• Proximate composition,Unconventional feed,Water melon

References

1. Abbas, E.F. (2007): Effect of dietary oil sources and levels on growth, feed utilization and whole-body chemical composition of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Fingerlings. Journal of Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, 2(2): 140-148.
2. Al-Khalifa, A.S. (1996): Physicochemical Characteristics, Fatty Acid Composition, an’ Lipoxygenase Activity of Crude Pumpkin and Melon Seed Oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44: 964-966.
3. AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) (2000): Official methods of analysis AOAC international methods 934.01, 988.05, 920.39 and 942.05. Arlington, VA, USA: AOAC International.
4. Babatunde B.B., Hamzat R.A., Adejimi O.O. (2001). Replacement value of Kolanut husk meal in Rabbit diets. Tropical Journal of Animal Science, 4(2): 127-133.
5. Basavaraj, N., Anthony, M.J. (1997): Rearing of spawn and fry of cyprinus carpio on Conventional and supplementary feed. India Journal of Fisheries, 44(2): 165-170.
6. Cai, Y., Luo, Q., Sun, M., Corke, H. (2004): Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer. Life Science, 74: 2157-2184,
7. Duke, J.A., Ayensu, E.S. (1985): Medicinal plants of China. Reference publication vol. 1 p. 131.
8. Edet, E.A., Ibok, I.U., Edward, A.C. (2010): Evaluation of protein quality of raw and roasted cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale) using weanling albino rats. Nigerian Journal of Agriculture Food and Environment, 6: 90-93.

9. Ekwe, O.O., Osakwe, I.I., Nweze, B.O. (2011): The effect of replacing maize with cassava “sievate” using banana leaves as basal forage in the diet of weaned rabbit. Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences 4, 51-58. Fagbenro, O. A. (1992). Utilization of cocoa pod husk in low cost diets by the clariidae cat fish (Clarias isheriensis sydenham). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, 2: 175-182.
10. Fakunle, J.O., Alatise, S.P., Effiong B.N., Tiamiyu, K. (2013): Effects of Replacing Soyabeans Meal with Graded Levels of Boiled Jatropha Kernel Meal in Diets of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings. Bulletin of Envi¬ronment, Pharmacology and Life Science, 2(9): 112-117.
11. Falaye A.E., Oloruntuyi, O.O. (1998): Nutritive potential of plantain peel meal and replacement value for maize in diets of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. Tropical Agriculture, 75(4): 488-492.
12. Falaye A.E., Jauncey, K., Tewe, O.O. (1999): The growth performance of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings fed varying levels of cocoa husk diets. Journal of Aquaculture in the Tropics, 14(1): 1-10.
13. Gabriel U.U., Akinrotimi, O.A., Bekibele, D.O., Onunkwo, D.N., Anyanwu, P.E. (2007): Locally produced fish feed: potentials for aquaculture development in subsaharan Africa. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2(7): 287-295.
14. Gatlin, D.M. (2010): Principles of fish nutrition. Southern regional aquaculture centre, New York. Publication no. 5003.
15. Ibiyo, L.M.O., Olowosegun, T. (2004): The po¬tential for improving profitability in Aqua¬culture pp.45-53. In: PA Araoye (ed). Proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON) ILORIN. p. 896
16. Jamiu, D.M., Ayinla, O.A. (2003): Potential for the development of Aquaculture in African NAGA, Worldfish Center Quarterly, 26(3): 9-13.
17. Komutarin, T., Azadi, S., Butterworth, L., Keil, D., Chitsomboon, B., Suttajit, M., Meade, B.J. (2004): Extract of the seed coat of Tamarindus indica inhibits nitric oxide production by murine macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Food Chemical Toxicology, 42: 649-658.
18. Lovel, R.T., Leary, S.O. (1990): Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate and Fibre on the Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, 37: 303-314.
19. Manjappa, K., Keshavanath, P., Gangadhara, B. (2011): Influence of Sardine oil supplemented fish meal free diets on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Growth, Carcass composition and digestive enzyme activity. Journal of Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, 12: 1-10.
20. Mohr, H.C. (1989): Water melon breeding. In: Bassett, M.J. (edition) Breeding Vegetable Crops. Avi Pubi. Co. Inc., West Port, Connectient USA., 37-66.
21. Mustafa, A.I., Badi, S.M. Salama, R.B., Elsayed, A.S., Hussain, A.A., (1972): Studies on watermelon seed oil. Sudan Joournal of Food Science Technology, 4: 18-20.
22. Ogunsipe, M.H., Agbede, J.O. (2010): The re¬placement value of unripe plantain peels on the growth performance, carcass char¬acteristics and cost implications of rabbit production in the tropical region. Re¬searcher, 2: 24-29.
23. Oladunjoye, I.O. Amao, A.O., Grile, S.R. (2005): Feeding value of raw breed fruit (Artocar-pusaltilis) meal for broiler. In proceeding of Nigerian society for Animal Production, 30: 172 – 174.
24. Olubamiwa O., Iyayi E.A., Ayodele E.A. (2000): Kola pod husk as patial substitute for maize in layers mash. Tropical Journal of Animal Science, 3: 63-68
25. Omosulis, V., Ibrahim, T.A., Oloye, D.A., Alad¬ekoyi, G., Ogundowole, O. (2011). Func¬tional properties of roasted and defatted cashew nut (anarcadium occidentale) flour. Electronic Journal of Environmental Agricultural and food Chemistry, 10: 2135-2138.
26. Sastry, M.S., Singh, Y.P., Dutt, B. (1972). Stud¬ies on the toxicity of Bijada cake. Indian Veterinary Journal, 685.
27. Sawaya W.N., Daghir, N.J. Khalil, J.K. (1986). Citrullus colo-cynthis seeds as a potential source of protein for food and feed. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 34: 285-288.
28. Sen, K.O. (1985). Misc. Bull. No. 25, I.C.A.R. 5th ed. Rev. NJ). Cited in Pal, R.N.; Mahadevan, V. (1968). Chemical composition and nutritive value of Bijada cake (Citrulus vulgaris). The Indian Veterinary Journal”.
29. Shang, Y.C., Costa-Pierce, B.A. (1983): Integrated aquaculture-agriculture farming systems, some economic aspects. Journal of World Mariculture Society, 14: 523-530.
30. Singh K.K., Goswami, T.K. (1996): Physical properties of cumin seed. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 64: 93-98.
31. Sotolu, A.O., Faturoti, E.O. (2008): Digestibility and nutritional values of differently processed Leucaena leucocephala (Lam de Wit) seed meals in the diet of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 3: 190-199.
32. Tarek, A.E., Khaled, M.T., (2001): Characteristic and composition of watermelon, pumpkin and paprika seed oils and flurs. Journal Agricultural Food Chemistry, 49(3): 1253-1259.
33. Tiamiyu, L.O., Solomon S.G., Satimehin F.D.P. (2014). Growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed varying levels of the seed of Luffa cylindrica meal in outdoor Hapas. Octa Journal. Bioscience, 2(1): 5-9.
34. Tuleun, C.D., Patrick, J.P., Tiamiyu, L.O., (2009): Evaluation of raw and boiled velvet bean (Mucuna utilis) as feed in¬gredient for broiler chickens. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8(5): 601-606