Investigation of the Effect of Different Sizes of Diatomite as Substrate Material on Ammonia Adsorption for Ornamental Fish Culture Practices
Abstract
As a result of the study, where the effects of four different sizes of diatomite on water parameters were examined, it was determined that when the obtained findings were evaluated, it contributed positively to the optimum limits of ammonia values, which are extremely important in aquaculture. The investigation was conducted in 5 groups with 3 replications without fish and aeration. Plastic aquariums of each replication, in which the experiment was carried out, contained 500 ml of tap water, 0.5 g of fish feed (47.5% crude protein, 6.5% crude oil, 2% cellulose, 6% moisture), and 3 g of different-sized diatomites (excluding the control group). When the mean water parameter values at the end of the experiment were examined, no statistical difference was found in terms of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH values (P>0.05). On the other hand, the statistical differences between the groups in terms of NH4 and TAN values were found to be significant (P<0.05). When the ammonium values of the diatomite groups were compared with the control group, 25.27%, 28.62%, 31.82%, and 34.45% lower values were observed in the D1, D2, D3, and D4 groups, respectively. As a result, diatomites in different sizes did not alter important water parameters such as pH and dissolved oxygen while they displayed a positive effect on water parameters, of which excess amounts can be harmful, such as ammonia.
Keywords
References
- Cao, T., Xie, P., Ni, L., Wu, A.P., Zhang, M., Wu, S.K. & Smolders, A.J.P. (2007). The role of NH4+ toxicity in the decline of the submersed macrophyte Vallisneria natans in lakes of the Yangtze River basin, China. Mar. Freshw. Res. 58, 581–587. DOI: 10.1071/MF06090
- Chow C.W.K., Davey D.E. & Mulcahy D.E. (1997). An intelligent sensor system for the determination of ammonia using flow injection analysis. Lab Auto and Inf Manag., 33, 17-27.
- Emerson, K.R.C., Russo, R.E. & Thurston, R.V. (1975). Aqueous ammonia equilibrium calculations: effect of pH and temperature. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 32, 2379- 2383. (In: EPA, 1999. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia. United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-822-R: 99-104).
- EPA. (1999). Ambient water quality criteria for ammonia. United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-822-R: 99-104.
- Hlordzi, V., Kuebutornye, F.K.A., Afriyie, G., Abarike, E.D., Lu, Y., Chi, S. & Anokyewaa, M.A. (2020). The use of Bacillus species in maintenance of water quality in aquaculture: a review. – Aquaculture Reports, 18, 100503. DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2020.100503
- Hu, Z., Zheng, S., Li, J., Zhang, S., Liu, M., Wang, Z., Li , J. & Sun, H. (2022). Pore structure and surface properties of diatomite with mechanical grinding and its influence on humidity control. Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process., 58(6), DOI: 10.37190/ppmp/153509
- Huang, J., Kankanamge, N.R.,Chow, C., Welsh, D.T.,Li, T. & Teasdale, P.R. (2017). Removing ammonium from water and wastewater using cost-effective adsorbents: A review. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 63, 174-197
- Ivanov, S.E. & Belyakov, A. V. (2008). Diatomite and its applications. Glass and Ceramics, 65(1-2). DOI: 10.1007/s10717-008-9005-6.
- Jorgensen, T.C. (2002). Removal Of Ammonia From Wastewater By Ion Exchange In The Presence Of Organic Compounds. A Thesıs Presented For The Degree Of Master Of Engineering In Chemical & Process Engineering, Department of Chemical & Process Engineering University of Canterbury Christchurch, New Zealand, 174p.
- Kibria, G., Nugegoda, D., Fairclough, R. & Lam, P. (1997). The nutrient content and the release of nutrients from fish food and faeces. Hydrobiologia, 357, 165-171.
