The Global Problem of the Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance in Aquatic Resources, An examination of Gelevera Creek (Giresun), Turkey
Abstract
In this study is to determine the current heavy metal and antibiotic resistance levels of isolates taken from the Gelevera Creek (Giresun). For this purpose, surface water and sediment were collected monthly from four different stations starting from April 2017 and ending in March 2018. After the Gr (-) and Gr (+) bacteria isolation in selective media, the 325 isolated were tested for their resistance against 4 different heavy metals. The resistance levels of these 325 bacteria against to cadmium, copper, lead and manganese heavy metals were detected respectively as 89.0%, 60.16%, 33.0%, 29.8% (Cd > Cu > Pb > Mn). The 82 isolates with high resistance against heavy metals in each station were also tested for their resistance against antibiotics. The levels of resistance against antibiotics of these isolated strains were found respectively as follows: cefazolin: 69.6%, cefuroxime: 59.4%, nalidixic acid: 51.7%, ampicillin: 46.0%, cefotaxime: 39.1%, meropenem: 31.4%, amikacin: 21.7%, erythromycin: 13.0%, and chloramphenicol: 3.3%. In our study, two isolates with high antibiotic and heavy metal, using the Vitek-II Compact System were identified as Serratia marcenscens (99%) and Enterococcus avium (91%). Furthermore, the multiple antibiotic resistance levels (MAR) of all isolates are 80,5%. The results indicate that the isolates taken from the Gelevera Creek (Giresun) were found to be extremely resistant against commercially used antibiotics and heavy metals, and this shows that there is antibiotic and heavy metal contamination in drinking water reserves.
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References
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