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An Eco-philosophical and A Phenomenological Journey in William Wordsworth’s The Prelude

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 515 - 525, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1352229

Abstract

The present paper analyses William Wordsworth’s The Prelude form an eco-philosophical perspective, which suggests a harmonical existence of human and nonhuman worlds. The main argument is based on Arne Næss’ “ecosophy” following his deep ecological thoughts and David Bohm’s “undivided wholeness” supporting the intimate interconnectedness of human and Nature. Following this eco-philosophical vision, Wordsworth believes that Nature has an essential place in children’s learning. He even suggests stopping formal education of children and meditating them through the subjective experiences in Nature. This study investigates how Wordsworth reflects a child’s journey of gaining poetic consciousness through his interaction with Nature in his The Prelude. Nature is personified as a mother, a friend and a teacher helping his maturity. As a child and the speaker of his poem, Wordsworth feels freedom and joy while acquiring a great deal of knowledge at every step through different experiences. From this perspective, this study bases its arguments on Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger’s phenomenological insights to comprehend the essence of our “Being” through subjective experiences collected in our “life world”. Wordsworth emphasizes the growing maturity of the child in Nature by conceiving his existence in this perfect universe. The power of intuition and imagination, which preserves Nature in our minds, is also accentuated as the main factor educating and maturing us in time by shaping our ideas and feelings. In parallel with the eco-philosophical and phenomenological thoughts, Wordsworth stresses the truth, pureness, peace, and pleasure accompanied by the solitude in Nature. This paper observes the transformation of a naive child into a wise poet through the eco-philosophical and phenomenological journey in Nature through the power of intuition and imagination in Wordsworth’s The Prelude.

References

  • Ateş, K. (2023). An ecocritical perspective on simulated theme park in England, England. Jomops, 4(1), 127-140.
  • Bate, J. (1991). Romantic ecology: Wordsworth and the environmental tradition. Routledge. Bate, J. (2000). The songs of the Earth. Harvard University Press.
  • Bedsole, M. (2020). Wordsworth’s “two consciousness”: On the construction of subjectivity in The Prelude. European Romantic Review, 31(4), 421- 438.
  • Biderci Dinç, D. (2021). Culture, religion, and nature in A River Sutra by Gita Mehta. BSEU Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2), 377-390.
  • Buchdahl, J.M. & Raper, D. (1998). Environmental ethics and sustainable development. Sustainable Development, 6, 92-98.
  • Clarke, C. (1948). Nature’s education of man: Some remarks on the philosophy of Wordsworth. Philosophy, 23(87), 302-316.
  • Ekler, O. (2021). A tragic glimpse of Thoreau’s prophetic vision in Walden. In K. Baysal (Ed.). Apocalyptic visions in the anthropocene and the rise of climate fiction, 29-45. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Fry, P.H. (1996). Green to the very door? The natural Wordsworth. Studies in Romanticism, 35(4), 535- 551.
  • Gallie, W.B. (1947). Is ‘The Prelude’ a philosophical poem? Philosophy, 22(82), 124-138. Glotfelty, C. & Fromm, H. (1996). The ecocriticism reader. The University of Georgia Press.
  • Güven, F. (2022). Ecofeminism and Marxist Ecocriticism in Ursula K. Le Guin’ s The Word for World is Forest. International Social Sciences Studies Journal, 8(102), 2872-2875.
  • Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and time. J. Macquarrie and E. Robinson (Eds.). Blackwell Publishers. Heidegger, M. (1977). Letter on Humanism, basic writings. D. Farrell (Ed.), 189-242. Harper & Row.
  • Hitt, C. (1999). Toward an ecological sublime. New Literary History, 30(3), 603-623. Hubbell, J.A. (2010). A question of Nature: Byron and Wordsworth. The Wordsworth Circle, 41(1), 14- 18.
  • Husserl, E. (1970). The crisis of the sciences as expression of the radical life-crisis of European humanity. D. Carr (Trans.). North Western University Press.
  • Husserl, E. (1983). Ideas pertaining to a pure phenomenological philosophy. Translated by F. Kersten. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
  • Morgan, M.R. (2008). Narrative means to lyric ends in Wordsworth’s Prelude. Narrative, 16(3), 298- 330.
  • Muirhead, J.H. (1904). Wordsworth’s ideal of early education. International Journal of Ethics, 14(3), 339-352.
  • Næss, A. (1973). The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement. Inquiry, 16, 151-5.
  • Næss, A. (2003). Ecology, community, and lifestyle: Outline of an ecosophy. Translated by David Rothenberg. Cambridge University Press.
  • Ramazani, A. & Bazregarzadeh, E. (2014). An ecocritical reading of William Wordsworth’s selected poems. English Language and Literature Studies, 4(1), 1-9.
  • Rigby, K. (2015). Ecocriticism. In J. Wolfreys (Ed.). Introducing criticism at the twenty-first century, 151-178. Edinburgh UP.
  • Sultana, E. & Saleem T. (2016). Wordsworth’s The Prelude: A manifesto of Ecocriticism. Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 19, 7-10.
  • Wells, N.M. & Lekies, K.S. (2006). Nature and life course: Pathways from childhood nature experiences to adult environmentalism. Children, Youth and Environments, 16(1), 1-25.
  • Wordsworth, W. (2001). The Prelude of 1805, in thirteen books. Global Language Resources, Inc. (Original work published 1805)
  • Wordsworth, W. & Coleridge, S.T. (2017). Lyrical ballads. Penguin Classics. (Original work published 1798).

William Wordsworth’ün The Prelude’unda Eko-felsefi ve Fenomenolojik Bir Yolculuk

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 515 - 525, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1352229

Abstract

Bu makale, William Wordsworth’ün The Prelude adlı eserini, insan ve insan olmayan dünyaların uyumlu bir varoluşunu öneren eko-felsefi bir bakış açısıyla incelemektedir. Bu makalenin ana argümanı, Arne Næss’in derin ekolojik düşüncelerinin ardından gelen “ecosophy”sine ve David Bohm’un insan ve Doğa arasındaki yakın ilişkiyi destekleyen “bölünmemiş bütünlüğe” dayanmaktadır. Bu eko-felsefi vizyonu takip eden Wordsworth, Doğanın çocukların öğrenmesinde önemli bir yere sahip olduğuna inanır. Hatta çocuklar için örgün eğitimi durdurmayı ve onlara Doğadaki öznel deneyimler yoluyla meditasyon yapmayı öneriyor. Bu çalışma, Wordsworth’ün The Prelude adlı eserinde bir çocuğun Doğa ile etkileşimi yoluyla şiirsel bilinç kazanma yolculuğunu nasıl yansıttığını araştırmaktadır. Doğa, olgunlaşmasına yardımcı olan bir anne, bir arkadaş ve bir öğretmen olarak kişileştirilmiştir. Bir çocuk ve şiirinin sözcüsü olarak Wordsworth, her adımda farklı deneyimlerle ciddi ölçüde bilgiler edinirken, özgürlüğü ve neşeyi hisseder. Bu bakış açısıyla, bu çalışma, argümanlarını Edmund Husserl ve Martin Heidegger’in fenomenolojik içgörülerine dayandırarak “yaşam dünyamız”da biriktirdiğimiz öznel deneyimler aracılığıyla “Varlığımız”ın özünü kavramaktadır. Wordsworth, çocuğun varlığını bu mükemmel evrende tasavvur ederek Doğada büyüyen olgunluğunu vurgular. Zihnimizde Doğayı muhafaza eden sezgi ve hayal gücü, fikir ve duygularımızı şekillendirerek zaman içinde bizi eğiten ve olgunlaştıran ana faktör olarak da vurgulanmaktadır. Wordsworth, eko-felsefi ve fenomenolojik düşüncelere paralel olarak, Doğadaki inzivanın eşlik ettiği hakikati, saflığı, huzuru ve hazzı vurgular. Bu makale, Wordsworth’ün The Prelude adlı eserinde, naif bir çocuğun sezgi ve hayal gücü aracılığıyla Doğadaki eko-felsefi ve fenomenolojik yolculukla bilge bir şaire dönüşmesini gözlemlemektedir.

References

  • Ateş, K. (2023). An ecocritical perspective on simulated theme park in England, England. Jomops, 4(1), 127-140.
  • Bate, J. (1991). Romantic ecology: Wordsworth and the environmental tradition. Routledge. Bate, J. (2000). The songs of the Earth. Harvard University Press.
  • Bedsole, M. (2020). Wordsworth’s “two consciousness”: On the construction of subjectivity in The Prelude. European Romantic Review, 31(4), 421- 438.
  • Biderci Dinç, D. (2021). Culture, religion, and nature in A River Sutra by Gita Mehta. BSEU Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2), 377-390.
  • Buchdahl, J.M. & Raper, D. (1998). Environmental ethics and sustainable development. Sustainable Development, 6, 92-98.
  • Clarke, C. (1948). Nature’s education of man: Some remarks on the philosophy of Wordsworth. Philosophy, 23(87), 302-316.
  • Ekler, O. (2021). A tragic glimpse of Thoreau’s prophetic vision in Walden. In K. Baysal (Ed.). Apocalyptic visions in the anthropocene and the rise of climate fiction, 29-45. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Fry, P.H. (1996). Green to the very door? The natural Wordsworth. Studies in Romanticism, 35(4), 535- 551.
  • Gallie, W.B. (1947). Is ‘The Prelude’ a philosophical poem? Philosophy, 22(82), 124-138. Glotfelty, C. & Fromm, H. (1996). The ecocriticism reader. The University of Georgia Press.
  • Güven, F. (2022). Ecofeminism and Marxist Ecocriticism in Ursula K. Le Guin’ s The Word for World is Forest. International Social Sciences Studies Journal, 8(102), 2872-2875.
  • Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and time. J. Macquarrie and E. Robinson (Eds.). Blackwell Publishers. Heidegger, M. (1977). Letter on Humanism, basic writings. D. Farrell (Ed.), 189-242. Harper & Row.
  • Hitt, C. (1999). Toward an ecological sublime. New Literary History, 30(3), 603-623. Hubbell, J.A. (2010). A question of Nature: Byron and Wordsworth. The Wordsworth Circle, 41(1), 14- 18.
  • Husserl, E. (1970). The crisis of the sciences as expression of the radical life-crisis of European humanity. D. Carr (Trans.). North Western University Press.
  • Husserl, E. (1983). Ideas pertaining to a pure phenomenological philosophy. Translated by F. Kersten. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
  • Morgan, M.R. (2008). Narrative means to lyric ends in Wordsworth’s Prelude. Narrative, 16(3), 298- 330.
  • Muirhead, J.H. (1904). Wordsworth’s ideal of early education. International Journal of Ethics, 14(3), 339-352.
  • Næss, A. (1973). The shallow and the deep, long-range ecology movement. Inquiry, 16, 151-5.
  • Næss, A. (2003). Ecology, community, and lifestyle: Outline of an ecosophy. Translated by David Rothenberg. Cambridge University Press.
  • Ramazani, A. & Bazregarzadeh, E. (2014). An ecocritical reading of William Wordsworth’s selected poems. English Language and Literature Studies, 4(1), 1-9.
  • Rigby, K. (2015). Ecocriticism. In J. Wolfreys (Ed.). Introducing criticism at the twenty-first century, 151-178. Edinburgh UP.
  • Sultana, E. & Saleem T. (2016). Wordsworth’s The Prelude: A manifesto of Ecocriticism. Journal of Literature, Languages and Linguistics, 19, 7-10.
  • Wells, N.M. & Lekies, K.S. (2006). Nature and life course: Pathways from childhood nature experiences to adult environmentalism. Children, Youth and Environments, 16(1), 1-25.
  • Wordsworth, W. (2001). The Prelude of 1805, in thirteen books. Global Language Resources, Inc. (Original work published 1805)
  • Wordsworth, W. & Coleridge, S.T. (2017). Lyrical ballads. Penguin Classics. (Original work published 1798).
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Ecology (Other), Environmental Management (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Seher Özsert 0000-0002-2931-499X

Early Pub Date September 30, 2023
Publication Date September 30, 2023
Submission Date August 29, 2023
Acceptance Date September 11, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Özsert, S. (2023). An Eco-philosophical and A Phenomenological Journey in William Wordsworth’s The Prelude. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 8(3), 515-525. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1352229


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