Havalimanlarında Seviye 5 Karbon Akreditasyonu Odağında Sürdürülebilirlik Uygulamaları: Royal Schiphol Grup Örneği

Year 2025, Volume: 10 Issue: 5, 625 - 637, 30.09.2025

Didem Göçmen

https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1689542

Abstract

Havacılık sektörü, karbon emisyonlarını azaltma ve sürdürülebilirlik hedeflerine ulaşma konusunda, zorlukları ve beraberinde yenilikçi çözüm fırsatlarını bir arada bulundurmaktadır. Havalimanlarının doğrudan kontrolü dışında kalan karbon emisyonlarının yüksekliği, sürdürülebilirlik stratejilerinin yalnızca operasyonel süreçlerle sınırlı kalmamasını; tedarik zinciri, havayolları, yolcular ve yerel toplulukları da kapsayan çok paydaşlı ve entegre karbon yönetimi yaklaşımları geliştirilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Royal Schiphol Grup örneği üzerinden havalimanlarında uygulanan sürdürülebilirlik politikaları incelenmekte; Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) programının seviyeleri ve özellikle sınırlı sayıda havalimanının ulaştığı Seviye 5’in gereklilikleri ortaya konmaktadır. Schiphol Havalimanı’nın bu seviyeye erişim sürecinde benimsediği çevresel ve yönetsel uygulamalar, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analiziyle incelenmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, 2021–2024 yılları arasında yolcu sayısında %162 oranında artış yaşanmasına rağmen Scope 1 emisyonlarının %22 azaltıldığını ve böylece yolcu başına düşen karbon emisyonunun anlamlı ölçüde düşürüldüğünü ortaya koymaktadır. Bu durum, operasyonel verimliliğin sürdürülebilirlik hedeflerine doğrudan katkı sunduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, karbon emisyonlarının azaltılmasına yönelik dijital yönetim sistemleri, yapay zekâ uygulamaları, yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı, sürdürülebilir havacılık yakıtları ve paydaş iş birlikleri gibi bütüncül yaklaşımların etkinliğine dikkat çekilmektedir. Schiphol Group bünyesindeki havalimanlarında uygulanan yenilenebilir enerji politikaları, atık yönetimi, sürdürülebilir ulaşım çözümleri, tedarik zinciri entegrasyonu ve dijitalleşme stratejilerinin, karbon yönetiminde kapsamlı bir dönüşüm sağladığı görülmektedir. Çalışma genelinde ulaşılan sonuçlar, karbon yönetiminin yalnızca teknik çözümlerle değil; stratejik ve yönetsel yaklaşımlarla desteklendiğinde daha etkili ve sürdürülebilir sonuçlar doğurabildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin, ekonomik büyüme ile çelişmediği; aksine teknolojik yenilikler ve kurumsal stratejilerle uyumlu şekilde ilerleyebileceği vurgulanmaktadır.

Keywords

Sürdürülebilirlik , Havalimanı İşletmeciliği , Karbon emisyonu , Havalimanı karbon akreditasyonu

Sustainability Practices at Airports within the Scope of Level 5 Carbon Accreditation: The Case of Royal Schiphol Group

Abstract

The aviation sector simultaneously encompasses challenges and innovative solution opportunities in achieving carbon emission reduction and sustainability goals. The high volume of carbon emissions beyond the direct control of airports necessitates that sustainability strategies extend beyond operational processes and involve the development of multi-stakeholder and integrated carbon management approaches that include supply chains, airlines, passengers and local communities. This study examines the sustainability policies implemented at airports through the example of the Royal Schiphol Group, highlighting the levels of the Airport Carbon Accreditation (ACA) program, with particular emphasis on the requirements of Level 5, which only a limited number of airports have achieved. The environmental and managerial practices adopted by Schiphol Airport in the process of attaining this level are analyzed through document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods. The findings reveal that despite a 162% increase in passenger numbers between 2021 and 2024, Scope 1 emissions were reduced by 22%, leading to a significant decrease in per-passenger carbon emissions. This demonstrates that operational efficiency contributes directly to sustainability goals. Additionally, the effectiveness of holistic approaches such as digital management systems, artificial intelligence applications, renewable energy use, sustainable aviation fuels and stakeholder collaborations in reducing carbon emissions is emphasized. It is observed that practices implemented at airports operated by the Schiphol Group-such as renewable energy policies, waste management, sustainable transportation solutions, supply chain integration and digitalization strategies-have led to a comprehensive transformation in carbon management. The overall results of the study indicate that carbon management becomes more effective and sustainable when supported not only by technical solutions but also by strategic and managerial approaches. Furthermore, it is highlighted that environmental sustainability does not conflict with economic growth; on the contrary, it can progress in harmony with technological innovations and institutional strategies.

Keywords

Sustainability , Carbon Emissions , Airport Management , Airport carbon accredition

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