Nijerya'nın Amukpe Deltası eyaletindeki Songhai'deki yağ palmiyesi bahçelerinin fizikokimyasal özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi.

Abstract

Yağ palmiyesi (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), Arecaceae familyasından monokotiledon bir bitkidir ve Asya ve Afrika'nın önde gelen üreticiler olduğu, yağ üretimi için küresel olarak önemli bir üründür. Ancak, yağ palmiyesi plantasyonlarının genişlemesi, biyolojik çeşitliliğin kaybı, toprak bozulması ve ekosistem bozulması konusunda endişeleri artırmıştır. Bu çalışma, Nijerya'nın Delta Eyaletindeki Songhai Deltası Amukpe yağ palmiyesi plantasyonundaki toprakların fizikokimyasal özelliklerini değerlendirerek, toprak verimliliğini ve yağ palmiyesi yetiştiriciliğine uygunluğunu değerlendirmektedir. Toprak örnekleri, farklı derinliklerde (0-180 cm) beş pedonadan toplandı ve doku, pH, toprak organik karbonu (SOC), toplam azot (TN), kullanılabilir fosfor (AVP) ve değiştirilebilir katyonlar (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺) dahil olmak üzere fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikler açısından analiz edildi. Sonuçlar, üst horizonlarda kum parçacıklarının baskın olduğunu, drenajı teşvik ettiğini ancak besin maddesi sızma riskini artırdığını, daha derin horizonlardaki daha yüksek kil içeriğinin ise besin maddesinin tutulmasını artırdığını ortaya koydu. Toprak, yağ palmiyesi büyümesi için optimum aralıkta olan ancak potansiyel olarak besin maddesinin bulunabilirliğini sınırlayan güçlü asidik bir pH (4.76-5.32) sergiledi. SOC ve TN seviyeleri yüksekti ve iyi organik madde içeriğini gösterirken, AVP kritik eşiğin altındaydı ve fosfor takviyesini gerektiriyordu. Değiştirilebilir katyonlar, özellikle Ca²⁺, bol miktarda bulunuyordu ve toprak alkalinitesine katkıda bulunuyordu. Korelasyon analizi, toprak dokusu, SOC, TN ve pH arasındaki önemli ilişkileri vurgulayarak, kum ve siltin organik madde tutulması ve besin maddesinin bulunabilirliğindeki rolünü vurguladı. Bu bulgular, toprak verimliliğini optimize etmek ve sürdürülebilir yağ palmiyesi üretimini sağlamak için kireçleme ve fosfor gübrelemesi gibi hedeflenen toprak yönetimi uygulamalarına olan ihtiyacın altını çiziyor. Bu çalışma, toprak sağlığı hakkında kritik bilgiler sağlıyor ve yağ palmiyesi plantasyonlarında tarımsal üretkenliği iyileştirmek için uygulanabilir öneriler sunuyor.

Keywords

• Yağ palmiyesi
• fizikokimyasal özellikler
• toprak besin maddeleri ve arazi yönetimi.

Assessment of The Physicochemical Properties of Oil Palm Groves in Sapele, Amukpe Delta State, Nigeria

Abstract

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), a monocotyledonous plant of the Arecaceae family, is a globally significant crop for oil production, with Asia and Africa being the leading producers. However, the expansion of oil palm plantations has raised concerns about biodiversity loss, soil degradation, and ecosystem disruption. This study evaluates the physicochemical properties of soils in the Songhai Delta Amukpe oil palm plantation in Delta State, Nigeria, to assess soil fertility and suitability for oil palm cultivation. Soil samples were collected from five pedons at varying depths (0–180 cm) and analyzed for physical and chemical properties, including texture, pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AVP), and exchangeable cations (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Na⁺). Results revealed a dominance of sand particles in upper horizons, promoting drainage but increasing nutrient leaching risks, while higher clay content in deeper horizons enhanced nutrient retention. The soil exhibited a strongly acidic pH (4.76–5.32), within the optimal range for oil palm growth but potentially limiting nutrient availability. SOC and TN levels were high, indicating good organic matter content, while AVP was below the critical threshold, necessitating phosphorus supplementation. Exchangeable cations, particularly Ca²⁺, were abundant, contributing to soil alkalinity. Correlation analysis highlighted significant relationships between soil texture, SOC, TN, and pH, emphasizing the role of sand and silt in organic matter retention and nutrient availability. These findings underscore the need for targeted soil management practices, such as liming and phosphorus fertilization, to optimize soil fertility and ensure sustainable oil palm production. This study provides critical insights into soil health and offers actionable recommendations for improving agricultural productivity in oil palm plantations.

Keywords

• Oil palm
• physicochemical properties
• soil nutrient
• and land management.

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