Research Article

Bridging the disaster awareness-preparedness gap in a heritage-sensitive built environment: A case study of İznik

Number: 5 October 17, 2026
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Bridging the disaster awareness-preparedness gap in a heritage-sensitive built environment: A case study of İznik

Abstract

This study explores the asymmetric relationship between household disaster awareness and structural preparedness actions in İznik (Türkiye), a region characterized by its vulnerability to multiple hazards and its high sensitivity to cultural heritage damage. The present study examines the "awareness-preparedness gap" paradox within the extant literature. To this end, the study analyzes cross-sectional survey data obtained from 515 households employing binary logistic regression models. The empirical findings indicate that risk perception varies significantly depending on the hazard typology: While the perception of seismic risk is notably high (77.9%), structural retrofitting rates remain marginal (7.0%). Conversely, flood risk is largely neglected both perceptually and behaviorally. Multivariate analyses indicate that, when controlled for sociodemographic and cognitive variables, housing ownership status (homeowners are approximately three times more likely to prepare compared to tenants; OR = 3.031) and self-efficacy constitute the most robust predictors of protective behavior. The analysis demonstrates that fatalism, institutional trust, and mere risk perception, which are frequently emphasized in the literature, do not independently catalyze disaster mitigation actions. Moreover, the factors constraining structural interventions were identified as bureaucratic obstacles rather than concerns regarding the preservation of cultural heritage. Consequently, this study advocates for transcending conventional information-deficit models in disaster risk reduction (DRR) strategies. The study proposes the adoption of an integrated "awareness-capacity-action" framework that centers on ownership-related constraints, institutional barriers, and individual self-efficacy.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Natural Hazards

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

October 17, 2026

Submission Date

August 25, 2026

Acceptance Date

September 16, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 5

APA
Kırlangıçoğlu, C., Döker, M. F., Erdoğmuş, İ., Karadağ, A. Y., & Uysal Bilgiç, M. (2026). Bridging the disaster awareness-preparedness gap in a heritage-sensitive built environment: A case study of İznik. Journal of Anatolian Geography, 5. https://doi.org/10.65652/jag.2025889
AMA
1.Kırlangıçoğlu C, Döker MF, Erdoğmuş İ, Karadağ AY, Uysal Bilgiç M. Bridging the disaster awareness-preparedness gap in a heritage-sensitive built environment: A case study of İznik. JAG. 2026;(5). doi:10.65652/jag.2025889
Chicago
Kırlangıçoğlu, Cem, Mehmet Fatih Döker, İlker Erdoğmuş, A. Yalın Karadağ, and Melike Uysal Bilgiç. 2026. “Bridging the Disaster Awareness-Preparedness Gap in a Heritage-Sensitive Built Environment: A Case Study of İznik”. Journal of Anatolian Geography, nos. 5. https://doi.org/10.65652/jag.2025889.
EndNote
Kırlangıçoğlu C, Döker MF, Erdoğmuş İ, Karadağ AY, Uysal Bilgiç M (October 1, 2026) Bridging the disaster awareness-preparedness gap in a heritage-sensitive built environment: A case study of İznik. Journal of Anatolian Geography 5
IEEE
[1]C. Kırlangıçoğlu, M. F. Döker, İ. Erdoğmuş, A. Y. Karadağ, and M. Uysal Bilgiç, “Bridging the disaster awareness-preparedness gap in a heritage-sensitive built environment: A case study of İznik”, JAG, no. 5, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.65652/jag.2025889.
ISNAD
Kırlangıçoğlu, Cem - Döker, Mehmet Fatih - Erdoğmuş, İlker - Karadağ, A. Yalın - Uysal Bilgiç, Melike. “Bridging the Disaster Awareness-Preparedness Gap in a Heritage-Sensitive Built Environment: A Case Study of İznik”. Journal of Anatolian Geography. 5 (October 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.65652/jag.2025889.
JAMA
1.Kırlangıçoğlu C, Döker MF, Erdoğmuş İ, Karadağ AY, Uysal Bilgiç M. Bridging the disaster awareness-preparedness gap in a heritage-sensitive built environment: A case study of İznik. JAG. 2026. doi:10.65652/jag.2025889.
MLA
Kırlangıçoğlu, Cem, et al. “Bridging the Disaster Awareness-Preparedness Gap in a Heritage-Sensitive Built Environment: A Case Study of İznik”. Journal of Anatolian Geography, no. 5, Oct. 2026, doi:10.65652/jag.2025889.
Vancouver
1.Cem Kırlangıçoğlu, Mehmet Fatih Döker, İlker Erdoğmuş, A. Yalın Karadağ, Melike Uysal Bilgiç. Bridging the disaster awareness-preparedness gap in a heritage-sensitive built environment: A case study of İznik. JAG. 2026 Oct. 1;(5). doi:10.65652/jag.2025889

 

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