Automatic Classification of Basic Emotions Using Deep Learning Techniques

Year 2025, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 75 - 88, 23.12.2025

Özen Özer , Nadir Subaşı

Abstract

This study aims to develop an advanced artificial intelligence system capable of automatically classifying seven basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutrality, sadness, and surprise) through facial expressions. Utilizing Long Short-Term Memory neural networks, the system is designed to capture temporal variations in emotional expressions with high accuracy, robustness, and scalability. During the model development process, dataset diversity was ensured, data augmentation techniques such as rotation, cropping, and brightness adjustments were applied, and transfer learning was incorporated to enhance learning efficiency. The study thoroughly examines the impact of data organization on model performance and analyzes how different data representation methods affect accuracy rates. Experimental results demonstrate that the Long Short-Term Memory based architecture effectively captures temporal dynamics in facial expressions, outperforming traditional methods in emotion recognition tasks. The system’s real-time processing capability makes it suitable for applications in healthcare, education, and security. Ethical considerations, including data privacy, informed consent, and bias mitigation, have been prioritized to ensure fair and responsible AI deployment. The findings highlight the significant potential of emotion recognition technology in human-computer interaction and emphasize the need for future research on multimodal emotion recognition, integration of diverse data sources, and the establishment of ethical guidelines to prevent misuse.

Keywords

emotion classification , deep learning , long short-term memory , facial expression analysis , artificial ıntelligence , diverse data set

Derin Öğrenme Teknikleri Kullanılarak Temel Duyguların Otomatik Sınıflandırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışma, yüz ifadeleri aracılığıyla yedi temel duygunun (öfke, tiksinme, korku, mutluluk, nötr, üzüntü ve şaşkınlık) otomatik olarak sınıflandırılmasını sağlayan gelişmiş bir yapay zeka sistemi geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Uzun Kısa Süreli Bellek sinir ağları kullanılarak, duygu ifadelerinin zamansal değişimlerini yakalamada yüksek doğruluk ve ölçeklenebilirlik sağlanması hedeflenmiştir. Modelin geliştirilme sürecinde veri çeşitliliği gözetilmiş, veri artırma teknikleri (döndürme, kırpma, parlaklık ayarı) uygulanmış ve transfer öğrenme yöntemi ile modelin öğrenme kapasitesi artırılmıştır. Çalışmada, veri organizasyonunun model performansı üzerindeki etkisi detaylı olarak incelenmiş ve farklı veri temsil yöntemlerinin modelin doğruluk oranlarına nasıl etki ettiği analiz edilmiştir. Testler sonucunda, Uzun Kısa Süreli Bellek tabanlı mimarinin duygu tanıma görevlerinde zamansal dinamikleri başarılı bir şekilde yakaladığı ve geleneksel yöntemlere kıyasla üstün bir performans sergilediği ortaya konmuştur. Gerçek zamanlı çalışabilme kapasitesine sahip olan sistemin, sağlık, eğitim ve güvenlik gibi çeşitli alanlarda uygulanabilirliği vurgulanmıştır. Aynı zamanda, etik hususlar göz önünde bulundurularak veri gizliliği, kullanıcı rızası ve modelde oluşabilecek olası önyargıların önlenmesine yönelik çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, duygu tanıma teknolojilerinin insan-bilgisayar etkileşiminde büyük bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu gösterirken, gelecekte çok modlu duygu tanıma sistemleri, farklı veri türlerinin entegrasyonu ve etik kullanım standartları üzerine daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

duygu sınıflandırma , derin öğrenme , uzun kısa süreli bellek , yüz ifade analizi , yapay zeka , çeşitli veri kümesi

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