Yapay Zekâ ve Hemşirelik

Abstract

Yapay zekâ teknolojisinin kullanım alanı hizmet sektörünün çok önemli bir parçası olan sağlık hizmetlerinde de hızla artmaktadır. İnsansı özel-liklere sahip olan yapay zekâ teknolojisinin hemşirelik bakım uygulama-larında kullanımının giderek yaygınlaşması hemşireler için öğrenilmesi gereken yeni bir alan olarak görülmektedir. Bu derleme, hemşire bakım süreçlerini mesleki bilgi, klinik deneyim ve içgüdü ile karar veren hemşirelerin hasta ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için yapay zekâ teknolojisini entegre ederek hemşirelik eğitimi, bakım uygulamaları ve yönetimdeki yeri ile yapay zekâ uygulamalarındaki etik kavramının öne-mine değinmek amacıyla tasarlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Yapay zekâ
• hemşirelik
• sağlık teknolojisi

Artificial Intelligence and Nursing

Abstract

The field of use of artificial intelligence technology is also increasing rapidly in health services, which is a very important part of the service sector. The widespread use of artificial intelligence technology, which has humanoid features, in nursing care practices is seen as a new field for nurses to learn. This review is designed to address the importance of ethics in nursing education, care practices and management, and the importance of ethics in artificial intelligence practices by integrating ar-tificial intelligence technology to meet the patient needs of nurses who make decisions in nursing care processes with professional knowledge, clinical experience and instinct.Keywords:

Keywords

• Artificial intelligence
• nursing
• health technology

References

1. 1. Ahuja, A. S. (2019). The impact of artificial intelligence in me-dicine on the future role of the physician. Journal of PeerJ, 7, e7702. Doi: 10.7717/peerj.7702
2. 2. Aitken, R., Faulkner, R., Bucknall, T., ve Parker, J. (2002). As-pects of nursing education: the types of skills and knowledge required to meet the changing needs of the labour force in-volved in nursing-literature reviews (064277241X). National Review of Nursing Education Australia. Erişim: https://dro.deakin.edu.au/view/DU:30019782
3. 3. Akalın, B., ve Veranyurt, Ü. (2020). Sağlıkta Dijitalleşme ve Yapay Zeka. SDÜ Sağlık Yönetimi Dergisi, 2(2), 128-137. Erişim: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1452754
4. 4. Anohina, A. (2007). Advances in intelligent tutoring systems: problem-solving modes and model of hints. International Jour-nal of Computers Communications Control, 2(1), 48-55.
5. 5. Aşkar, P., ve Kızılkaya, G. (2006). Eğitim yazılımlarında eğit-sel yardımcı kullanımı: Eğitsel ajan. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(31), 25-31.
6. 6. Bell, R. M., Fann, S. A., Morrison, J. E., ve Lisk, J. R. (2011). Determining personal talents and behavioral styles of appli-cants to surgical training: a new look at an old problem, part I. Journal of Surgical Education, 68(6), 534-541. doi:10.1016.j.j-surg.2011.15.016
7. 7. Bloss, R. (2011). Mobile hospital robots cure numerous logis-tic needs. Industrial Robot: An International Journal, 38(6), 567-571. doi:10.1108/01439911111179075.
8. 8. Buhler-Wilkerson K, D’Antonio P. (2020). History of nursing. Britannica.com. https://www.britannica.com/ science/nursing. Published February 22, 2019. Erişim Tarihi: 17.04.2021.

9. 9. Burton, R., Brown, J., ve Sleeman, D. (1982). Intelligent Tuto-ring Systems (M. C. Polson ve J. J. Richardson Eds.): Lawren-ce Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
10. 10. Carroll, W. (2018). Artificial intelligence, nurses and the quad-ruple aim. Online Journal of Nursing Informatics, 22(2).
11. 11. Clancy, T. R. (2020). Artificial Intelligence and Nursing: The Future Is Now. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Administration, 50(3), 125-127.
12. 12. Coiera, E. (2003). Clinical decision support systems. Guide to health informatics, 2(1), 201-216. 13. Çelebi, V., ve İnal, A. (2019). Yapay Zeka Bağlamında Etik Problemi. Journal of International Social Research, 12(66). Doi:10.17719/jisr.2019.361414. Dariel, O. J. P., Raby, T., Ravaut, F., ve Rothan-Tondeur, M. (2013). Developing the Serious Games potential in nursing education. Nurse Education Today, 33(12), 1569-1575.
13. 15. Davies, N. (2016). Can robots handle your healthcare? Jour-nal of Engineering Technology, 11(9), 58-61. doi:10.1049/et.2016.0907 Erişim : https://eandt.theiet.org/content/artic-les/2016/09/can-robots-handle-your- healthcare/
14. 16. Del Blanco, Á., Torrente, J., Fernández-Manjón, B., Ruiz, P., ve Giner, M. (2017). Using a videogame to facilitate nursing and medical students’ first visit to the operating theatre. A ran-domized controlled trial. Nurse education today, 55, 45-53.
15. 17. Duque, G., Fung, S., Mallet, L., Posel, N., ve Fleiszer, D. J. J. o. t. A. G. S. (2008). Learning while having fun: the use of video gaming to teach geriatric house calls to medical students. 56(7), 1328-1332.
16. 18. Ebright, P. R., Patterson, E. S., Chalko, B. A., ve Render, M. L. (2003). Understanding the complexity of registered nurse work in acute care settings. JONA: The Journal of Nursing Ad-ministration, 33(12), 630-638.
17. 19. Etzioni, A., ve Etzioni, O. J. I. S. (2017). The ethics of robotic caregivers. Journal of Interaction Studies, 18(2), 174-190.
18. 20. Fritz, R. L., ve Dermody, G. (2019). A nurse-driven method for developing artificial intelligence in “smart” homes for aging-in-place. journal of Nursing outlook, 67(2), 140-153.
19. 21. Gibney, E. (2020). The battle for ethical AI at the world’s biggest machine-learning conference. Journal of Nature, 577(7791), 609-610.
20. 22. Glannon, W. (2006). Neuroethics. Journal of Bioethics, 20(1), 37-52. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2006.00474.x
21. 23. Griffith C. (2018). Next time you go to the hospital or the doc-tor, look out for a robot named Pepper helping out. Kids News. Erişim: https://www.kidsnews.com .au/technology/next-time-you-go-to-hospital-or-the-doctor-look-out-for-a-robot-named-pepper-helping-out/new. story/98aa96c738d98aadbd4dfabd-80997f6a. Erişim Tarihi: 05/05/21.
22. 24. Grosan, C., ve Abraham, A. (2011). Rule-based expert sys-tems. In Intelligent systems (pp. 149-185): Springer.
23. 25. Holmes, W., Bialik, M., ve Fadel, C. (2019). Artificial intelli-gence in education. In Boston: Center for Curriculum Rede-sign (pp. 3-7). Erişim: http://bit.ly/AIEDBOOK
24. 26. Kadri, F., Baraoui, M., & Nouaouri, I. (2019, September). An LSTM-based Deep Learning Approach with Application to Predicting Hospital Emergency Department Admissions. In 2019 International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Systems Management (IESM) IEEE. (1-6).
25. 27. Kaku, M. (2018). Geleceğin Fiziği. %J Baskı, Ankara: ODTÜ Geliştirme Vakfı Yayıncılık ve İletişim AŞ, 163.
26. 28. Keogh, T. J., Robinson, J. C., ve Parnell, J. M. (2019). As-sessing behavioral styles among nurse managers: Implications for leading effective teams. Journal of Hospital topics, 97(1), 32-38.
27. 29. Keskinbora, K. H. (2019). Medical ethics considerations on ar-tificial intelligence. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 64, 277-282. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2019.03.001
28. 30. Kış, A. (2019). Eğitimde Yapay Zekâ (Y. Kondakçı, S. Emil ve K. Beycioğlu Eds.). 14. Uluslararası Eğitim Yönetimi Kongre-si Ankara: Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi.
29. 31. Koç, E. (2013). Yöntem ve Uygulama Açısından Klinik Ka-rar Destek Sistemleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Okan Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
30. 32. Lamphere, C. (2018). The dawn of a newish era: How AI, ro-botics, and everything in between shapes our world. Journal of Online Searcher, 42(4), 27-30.
31. 33. Locsin, R. C. (2016). Technological competency as caring in nursing: Co-creating moments in nursing occurring within the universal technological domain. Journal of Theory Constructi-on Testing, 20(1), 5.
32. 34. Locsin, R. C. (2017). The co-existence of technology and ca-ring in the theory of technological competency as caring in nursing. The Journal of Medical Investigation, 64(1.2), 160-164. doi:10.2152/jmi.64.160
33. 35. Locsin, R. C., ve Ito, H. (2018). Can humanoid nurse ro-bots replace human nurses. Journal of Nursing, 5(1), 1-6. doi:10.7243/2056-9157-5-136. MacFie, J., ve McNaught, C. (2015). The ethics of artifici-al nutrition. Medicine, 43(2), 124-126. doi:10.1016/j.mp-med.2014.11.012
34. 37. Maney, K. (2017). How artificial intelligence will cure Ame-rica’s sick healthcare system. Newsweek Magazine. Ulaşım adresi: https://www.newsweek.com/2017/06/02/ai-cure-a-mericasick-health-care-system-614583.html. Erişim Tarihi: 10.04.2021
35. 38. McCarthy, J. (2004). What is artificial intelligence. Computer Science Department Stanford University, 2-12.
36. 39. McGrow, K. (2019). Artificial intelligence: Essentials for nursing. Journal of Nursing, 49(9), 46. doi:10.1097/01.NUR-SE.0000577716.57052.8d
37. 40. Nafiah, R. H., ve Suharsono, T. (2019). Modified Early War-ning Score (MEWS) as Predictor of Deterioration Risk on Pa-tient with Stroke in Emergency Unit. Journal of International Journal of Nursing Education, 11(4). doi:10.5958/09749357.2019.00101.6.
38. 41. Nagle, L. M., Kleib, M., ve Furlong, K. (2020). Digital health in Canadian schools of nursing Part A: Nurse educators’ pers-pectives. J Quality Advancement in Nursing Education, 6(1), 4.
39. 42. Nilsson, N. J. (2009). The quest for artificial intelligence (N. J. Nilsson Ed.). Cambridge University New York- USA: Camb-ridge University Press.
40. 43. Pan, Y. (2016). Heading toward artificial intelligence 2.0, En-gineering, 2(4), 409-413.
41. 44. Pepito, J. A., ve Locsin, R. (2019). Can nurses remain relevant in a technologically advanced future? Journal of Internatio-nal journal of nursing sciences, 6(1), 106-110. doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.09.013
42. 45. Poole, D., Mackworth, A., ve Goebel, R. (1998). Computa-tional intelligence and knowledge. Journal of Computational intelligence: a logical approach, 1(1), 1-22.
43. 46. Pu, L., Moyle, W., ve Jones, C. (2020). How people with de-mentia perceive a therapeutic robot called PARO in relation to their pain and mood: A qualitative study. Journal of clinical nursing, 29(3-4), 437-446. doi:10.1111/jocn.15104
44. 47. Risling, T. (2017). Educating the nurses of 2025: Technology trends of the next decade. Journal of Nurse education in prac-tice, 22, 89-92.
45. 48. RNAO (Ekim, 2020). Nursing & Compassionate Care In The Age Of Artificial Intelligence: Engaging the Emerging Future. Kanada: The Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario. Eri-şim Tarihi: 03.05.2021, Erişim: https://rnao.ca/sites/rnaoca/files/RNAOAMS_ReportNursing_and_Compassionate_Care_in_the_Age_of_AI_Final_For_Media_Release_10.21.2020.pdf
46. 49. Santoni de Sio, F., ve van Wynsberghe, A. (2016). When Should We Use Care Robots? The Nature-of-Activities Ap-proach. Science and Engineering Ethics, 22(6), 1745-1760. doi:10.1007/s11948-015-9715-4
47. 50. Sapci, A. H., ve Sapci, H. A. (2020). Artificial intelligence edu-cation and tools for medical and health informatics students: systematic review. JMIR Medical Education, 6(1), e19285.
48. 51. SAS Institute. Big data: what it is and why it matters. https://www.sas.com/en us/insights/big-data/ what-is-big-data.html. Erişim Tarihi: 05/05/21.
49. 52. Schofield, R., Ganann, R., Brooks, S., McGugan, J., Dalla Bona, K., Betker, C.ve ark. (2011). Community health nursing vision for 2020: Shaping the future. Journal of Western Journal of Nursing Research, 33(8), 1047-1068.
50. 53. Sharkey, N., ve Sharkey, A. (2010). The crying shame of robot nannies: an ethical appraisal. Journal of Interaction Studies, 11(2), 161-190.
51. 54. Shorey, S., Ang, E., Yap, J., Ng, E. D., Lau, S. T., ve Chui, C. K. J. J. o. m. I. r. (2019). A virtual counseling application using artificial intelligence for communication skills training in nur-sing education: development study. 21(10), e14658.
52. 55. Sparrow, R., ve Sparrow, L. (2006). In the hands of machines? The future of aged care. Journal of Minds Machines, 16(2), 141-161.
53. 56. Stokes, F., ve Palmer, A. (2020). Artificial intelligence and ro-botics in nursing: Ethics of caring as a guide to dividing tasks between AI and humans. Journal of Nursing Philosophy, 21(4), e12306.
54. 57. Strand, R., ve Kaiser, M. (2015). Report on ethical issues rai-sed by emerging sciences and technologies. %J Norway: Cent-re for the Study of the Sciences the Humanities, University of Bergen, 23.
55. 58. Sun, T. Q., ve Medaglia, R. (2019). Mapping the challenges of Artificial Intelligence in the public sector: Evidence from pub-lic healthcare. Journal of Government Information Quarterly, 36(2), 368-383.
56. 59. Tanioka, T., Osaka, K., Locsin, R., Yasuhara, Y., ve Ito, H. (2017). Recommended design and direction of development for humanoid nursing robots perspective from nursing researc-hers. Intelligent Control and Automation, 8(2), 96-110.
57. 60. Turkle, S. (2017). Alone together: Why we expect more from technology and less from each other: Hachette UK.
58. 61. Utku, K. (2018). Güvenli Yapay Zekâ Sistemleri İçin İnsan Denetimli Bir Model Geliştirilmesi. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 6(1), 93-107.
59. 62. Uzun, T. (2020). Yapay Zekâ ve Sağlık Uygulamaları. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 3 (1), 80-92. Erişim Tarihi:28.05.2021 Erişim: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ikacuiibfd/issue/54124/710604
60. 63. Watson, D., Womack, J., ve Papadakos, S. J. C. C. N. Q. (2020). Rise of the Robots: Is Artificial Intelligence a Friend or Foe to Nursing Practice?, 43(3), 303-311.
61. 64. Waugh, P. (2018). Virtual and augmented reality: enhancing nurses’ wound care management skills. Wounds UK, 14(2), 8-10.
62. 65. West, H. (2020). Artificial Intelligence: Nurses Integral Role in Deployment. Erişim Tarihi: 19.03.2021, Erişim: https://www.analyticsinsight.net/artificial-intelligence-nurses-integral-ro-le-in-deployment/
63. 66. Wolff, J. L., Rand-Giovannetti, E., Palmer, S., Wegener, S., Re-ider, L., Frey, K.ve ark. (2009). Caregiving and chronic care: the guided care program for families and friends. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences Medical Sciences, 64(7), 785-791.
64. 67. Gümüş, E., ve Kasap, E. U. (2021). Hemşirelik Mesleğinin Geleceği: Robot Hemşireler: The Future of the Nursing: Robot Nurses. Sağlık Bilimlerinde Yapay Zeka Dergisi (Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Health Sciences) ISSN: 2757-9646, 1(2), 20-25.