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LITHIUM CONCENTRATION IN FOODS AND ITS HEALTH IMPLICATIONS

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 295 - 311, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.35206/jan.1735222

Abstract

Lithium (Li) is an alkaline microelement with highly functional properties. It has beneficial effects in many areas, including health, industry, and energy, in vital processes. Scientific investigations have revealed that it has a positive impact on individuals, prevents various behavioral issues, and has significant medical applications. Li is used in the treatment of mental disorders such as bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, major depressive disorder, and mood stabilization. According to the researchers, Li is an essential trace element with a recommended daily intake of 1 mg/day for a 70-kg adult. Li level in food and beverages varies depending on the type and location of the food. In this context, it is crucial to determine the level of Li, a functional microelement, in the foods and beverages consumed for a healthy life. This review aims to inform about the importance of lithium and its levels in food, as well as draw attention to lithium bioavailability and the development of lithium-enriched functional foods and beverages.

References

  • Adebiyi, J. A., Njobeh, P. B., & Kayitesi, E. (2019). Assessment of nutritional and phytochemical quality of Dawadawa (an African fermented condiment) produced from Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea). Microchemical Journal, 149, 104034.
  • Babiker, M. A. A. (2018). Determination of Some Micronutrients In Traditional Sudanese Food (Doctoral dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology).
  • Barrella, M. V., Heringer, O. A., Cardoso, P. M. M., Pimentel, E. F., Scherer, R., Lenz, D., & Endringer, D. C. (2017). Metals content in herbal supplements. Biological trace element research, 175(2), 488-494.
  • Bilandžić, N., Sedak, M., Đokić, M., & Božić, Đ. (2015). Determination of macro-and microelements in cow, goat, and human milk using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Spectroscopy Letters, 48(9), 677-684.
  • Bilandžić, N., Sedak, M., Đokić, M., Božić, Đ., Solomun Kolanović, B., & Varenina, I. (2014). Trace elements content in cheese, cream and butter. Mljekarstvo: časopis za unaprjeđenje proizvodnje i prerade mlijeka, 64(3), 150-158.
  • Celep, O., Yazıcı E.Y. & Deveci, H. (2022). Cevherlerden ve tuzlu su kaynaklarından lityum kazanımı. Scientific Mining Journal, 61(2), 105-120.
  • Demir, İ. (2015). Bazı gıda ve su örneklerinde lityum düzeylerinin spektroskopik yöntemlerle belirlenmesi (Master's thesis, Bursa Uludag University (Türkiye).
  • Eker, Ö. D., & Eker, M. Ç. (2010). Lityumun metabolik yan etkileri. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 2(1), 26-51.
  • Erdemir, U. S., & Gucer, S. (2018). Correlation of Li bioaccessibility from tea (Camellia sinensis L.) with tea type and consumption habits. Food chemistry, 244, 364-370.
  • Eştürk, O., & Aydın S. (2021) Ardahan Balının Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özellikleri (3rd ed.). ARDAHAN DEĞERLEMELERİ-3- Değerler, Potansiyeller ve Yaklaşımlar. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Ewuzie, U., Nnorom, I. C., & Eze, S. O. (2020). Li in drinking water sources in rural and urban communities in Southeastern Nigeria. Chemosphere, 245, 125593.
  • Faria, M. G. I., Avelino, K. V., do Valle, J. S., da Silva, G. J., Gonçalves Jr, A. C., Dragunski, D. C., ... & Linde, G. A. (2019). Li bioaccumulation in Lentinus crinitus mycelial biomass as a potential functional food. Chemosphere, 235, 538-542.
  • Gezer, K., Kaygusuz, O., Eyupoglu, V., Surucu, A., & Doker, S. (2015). Determination by ICP/MS of trace metal content in ten edible wild mushrooms from Turkey. Oxidation Communications, 38(1A), 398-407.
  • Giotakos, O., Nisianakis, P., Tsouvelas, G., & Giakalou, V. V. (2013). Li in the public water supply and suicide mortality in Greece. Biological trace element research, 156(1), 376-379.
  • González-Weller, D., Rubio, C., Gutiérrez, Á. J., González, G. L., Mesa, J. M. C., Gironés, C. R., ... & Hardisson, A. (2013). Dietary intake of barium, bismuth, chromium, Li, and strontium in a Spanish population (Canary Islands, Spain). Food and chemical toxicology, 62, 856-868.
  • Hong, Y. S., Choi, J. Y., Nho, E. Y., Hwang, I. M., Khan, N., Jamila, N., & Kim, K. S. (2019). Determination of macro, micro and trace elements in citrus fruits by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), ICP–mass spectrometry and direct mercury analyzer. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 99(4), 1870-1879.
  • Jadhav, M. G., & Pawar, S. S. (2018). Elemental analysis of Aegle marmelos L. leaves by ICP-MS Technique. International Journal of Innovative Knowledge Concepts, 6, 12.
  • Jiang, L., Wang, L., Tanveer, M., & Tian, C. (2019). Li biofortification of medicinal tea Apocynum venetum. Scientific reports, 9(1), 1-8.
  • Kudryavtsev, P. G. (2016). Li in nature, application, methods of extraction. Journal" Scientific Israel-Technological Advantages, 18(3), 63-83.
  • Lee, Y. C., & Lee, M. S. (2016). Jang Jukyeom as the Source of Trace Elements to the Human Body: An Analysis using In-san Jukyeom. J Food Sci Nutr, 2(011).
  • Liaugaudaite, V., Mickuviene, N., Raskauskiene, N., Naginiene, R., & Sher, L. (2017). Li levels in the public drinking water supply and risk of suicide: a pilot study. Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology, 43, 197-201.
  • Maria, D., Żaneta, K., & Jadwiga, M. (2015). Li content in the tea and herbal infusions. European Food Research and Technology, 241(2), 289-293.
  • Miftahutdinova, E. A., Tikhonov, S. L., & Natal’ya, V. T. (2020). DEVELOPMENT OF Lİ–CONTAINING FEED ADDITIVE AND ITS USE FOR FORTIFICATION OF CHICKEN BROILERS MEAT AND BY-PRODUCTS. Theory and practice of meat processing, 5(1), 27-31.
  • Mir-Marqués, A., González-Masó, A., Cervera, M. L., & de la Guardia, M. (2015). Mineral profile of Spanish commercial baby food. Food Chemistry, 172, 238-244.
  • Nabrzyski, M., & Gajewska, R. (2002). Content of strontium, Li and calcium in selected milk products and in some marine smoked fish. Food/Nahrung, 46(3), 204-208.
  • Olivari, I., Paz, S., Gutiérrez, Á. J., González-Weller, D., Hardisson, A., Sagratini, G., & Rubio, C. (2020). Macroelement, trace element, and toxic metal levels in leaves and infusions of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(17), 21341-21352.
  • Park, Y. M., Choi, J. Y., Nho, E. Y., Lee, C. M., Hwang, I. M., Khan, N., ... & Kim, K. S. (2019). Determination of macro and trace elements in canned marine products by inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ICP—mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analytical Letters, 52(6), 1018-1030.
  • Patnaik, P. S., Ramanaiah, M., & Ramaraju, B. (2019). Quantitative determination of essential and trace element content of some medicinal plants by ICP-MS technique. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 12(4), 1595-1600.
  • Pinto, E., Almeida, A., & Ferreira, I. M. (2016). Essential and non-essential/toxic elements in rice available in the Portuguese and Spanish markets. Journal of food composition and analysis, 48, 81-87.
  • Rubio, C., González-Weller, D., Caballero, J. M., Romano, A. R., Paz, S., Hardisson, A., ... & Revert, C. (2018). Metals in food products with rising consumption (brewer’s yeast, wheat bran, oat bran, sesame seeds, flaxseeds, chia seed). A nutritional and toxicological evaluation. Journal of Functional Foods, 48, 558-565.
  • Rubio, C., Ojeda, I., Gutierrez, A. J., Paz, S., González-Weller, D., & Hardisson, A. (2018). Exposure assessment of trace elements in fresh eggs from free-range and home-grown hens analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 69, 45-52.
  • Rubio, C., Paz, S., Tius, E., Hardisson, A., Gutierrez, A. J., Gonzalez-Weller, D., ... & Revert, C. (2018). Metal contents in the most widely consumed commercial preparations of four different medicinal plants (aloe, senna, ginseng, and ginkgo) from Europe. Biological trace element research, 186(2), 562-567.
  • Rzymski, P., Niedzielski, P., Siwulski, M., Mleczek, M., Budzyńska, S., Gąsecka, M., & Poniedziałek, B. (2017). Li biofortification of medicinal mushrooms Agrocybe cylindracea and Hericium erinaceus. Journal of food science and technology, 54(8), 2387-2393.
  • Schäfer, U. Evaluation of beneficial and adverse effects on plants and animals following Li deficiency and supplementation, and on humans following Li treatment of mood disorders. Trace Elem Electroly 29, 91–112 (2012).
  • Shahzad, B., Mughal, M. N., Tanveer, M., Gupta, D., & Abbas, G. (2017). Is Li biologically an important or toxic element to living organisms? An overview. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(1), 103-115.
  • Shimodera, S., Koike, S., Ando, S., Yamasaki, S., Fujito, R., Endo, K., ... & Nishida, A. (2018). Li levels in tap water and psychotic experiences in a general population of adolescents. Schizophrenia research, 201, 294-298.
  • Sobolev, O. I., Gutyj, B. V., Sobolievа, S. V., Shaposhnik, V. М., Sljusarenko, A. А., Stoyanovskyy, V. G., ... & Bezpaly, I. F. (2019). Digestibility of nutrients by young geese for use of Li in the composition of fodder. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 9(1).
  • Szklarska, D., & Rzymski, P. (2019). Is Li a micronutrient? From biological activity and epidemiological observation to food fortification. Biological trace element research, 189(1), 18-27.
  • Terao, T. (2015). Is Li potentially a trace element? World journal of psychiatry, 5(1), 1.
  • Tinkov, A. A., Nemereshina, O. N., Suliburska, J., Gatiatulina, E. R., Regula, J., Nikonorov, A. A., & Skalny, A. V. (2016). Comparative analysis of the trace element content of the leaves and roots of three Plantago species. Biological trace element research, 173(1), 225-230.
  • Voica, C., Roba, C., & Iordache, A. M. (2021). Li Levels in Food from the Romanian Market by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): A Pilot Study. Analytical Letters, 54(1-2), 242-254.
  • Zeiner, M., Juranović Cindrić, I., Majić, B., & Stingeder, G. (2017). Study of the accumulation of Toxic and Essential Ultra-Trace Elements in Fruits of Sorbus domestica L. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(4), 341.
  • Ziarati, P., Moshiri, I. M., Sadeghi, P., & Mohammadi, S. (2017). Grape pomace flour (Vitis spp.) from Shiraz in South of Iran by high trace mineral elements as food supplements. SF Drug Del Res J, 1(1), 1-9.

GIDALARDA LİTYUM KONSANTRASYONU VE SAĞLIK ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 295 - 311, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.35206/jan.1735222

Abstract

Lityum (Li), oldukça işlevsel özelliklere sahip alkali bir mikro elementtir. Yaşamsal süreçte sağlık, endüstri ve enerji gibi birçok alanda faydalı etkileri vardır. Bilimsel çalışmalar, insanlar üzerinde yararlı etkileri olduğunu, bazı davranış problemlerini önlediğini ve çok önemli tıbbi kullanımları olduğunu göstermiştir. Li, bipolar bozukluk, Alzheimer hastalığı, majör depresif ve ruh hali stabilizasyonu gibi ruhsal bozuklukların tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Araştırmacılara göre Li, 70 kg'lık bir yetişkin için önerilen günlük alım miktarı 1 mg/gün olan temel bir eser elementtir. Yiyecek ve içeceklerdeki Li seviyesi, gıdanın türüne ve bulunduğu yere bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Bu bağlamda sağlıklı bir yaşam için tüketilen yiyecek ve içeceklerde, fonksiyonel bir mikro element olan Li seviyesinin belirlenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu derlemede lityumun önemi ve gıdalardaki düzeyi hakkında bilgi verilerek lityum biyoyararlanımı ve lityumca zenginleştirilmiş fonksiyonel gıda ve içeceklerin geliştirilmesine dikkat çekilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

References

  • Adebiyi, J. A., Njobeh, P. B., & Kayitesi, E. (2019). Assessment of nutritional and phytochemical quality of Dawadawa (an African fermented condiment) produced from Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea). Microchemical Journal, 149, 104034.
  • Babiker, M. A. A. (2018). Determination of Some Micronutrients In Traditional Sudanese Food (Doctoral dissertation, Sudan University of Science and Technology).
  • Barrella, M. V., Heringer, O. A., Cardoso, P. M. M., Pimentel, E. F., Scherer, R., Lenz, D., & Endringer, D. C. (2017). Metals content in herbal supplements. Biological trace element research, 175(2), 488-494.
  • Bilandžić, N., Sedak, M., Đokić, M., & Božić, Đ. (2015). Determination of macro-and microelements in cow, goat, and human milk using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Spectroscopy Letters, 48(9), 677-684.
  • Bilandžić, N., Sedak, M., Đokić, M., Božić, Đ., Solomun Kolanović, B., & Varenina, I. (2014). Trace elements content in cheese, cream and butter. Mljekarstvo: časopis za unaprjeđenje proizvodnje i prerade mlijeka, 64(3), 150-158.
  • Celep, O., Yazıcı E.Y. & Deveci, H. (2022). Cevherlerden ve tuzlu su kaynaklarından lityum kazanımı. Scientific Mining Journal, 61(2), 105-120.
  • Demir, İ. (2015). Bazı gıda ve su örneklerinde lityum düzeylerinin spektroskopik yöntemlerle belirlenmesi (Master's thesis, Bursa Uludag University (Türkiye).
  • Eker, Ö. D., & Eker, M. Ç. (2010). Lityumun metabolik yan etkileri. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 2(1), 26-51.
  • Erdemir, U. S., & Gucer, S. (2018). Correlation of Li bioaccessibility from tea (Camellia sinensis L.) with tea type and consumption habits. Food chemistry, 244, 364-370.
  • Eştürk, O., & Aydın S. (2021) Ardahan Balının Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Özellikleri (3rd ed.). ARDAHAN DEĞERLEMELERİ-3- Değerler, Potansiyeller ve Yaklaşımlar. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Ewuzie, U., Nnorom, I. C., & Eze, S. O. (2020). Li in drinking water sources in rural and urban communities in Southeastern Nigeria. Chemosphere, 245, 125593.
  • Faria, M. G. I., Avelino, K. V., do Valle, J. S., da Silva, G. J., Gonçalves Jr, A. C., Dragunski, D. C., ... & Linde, G. A. (2019). Li bioaccumulation in Lentinus crinitus mycelial biomass as a potential functional food. Chemosphere, 235, 538-542.
  • Gezer, K., Kaygusuz, O., Eyupoglu, V., Surucu, A., & Doker, S. (2015). Determination by ICP/MS of trace metal content in ten edible wild mushrooms from Turkey. Oxidation Communications, 38(1A), 398-407.
  • Giotakos, O., Nisianakis, P., Tsouvelas, G., & Giakalou, V. V. (2013). Li in the public water supply and suicide mortality in Greece. Biological trace element research, 156(1), 376-379.
  • González-Weller, D., Rubio, C., Gutiérrez, Á. J., González, G. L., Mesa, J. M. C., Gironés, C. R., ... & Hardisson, A. (2013). Dietary intake of barium, bismuth, chromium, Li, and strontium in a Spanish population (Canary Islands, Spain). Food and chemical toxicology, 62, 856-868.
  • Hong, Y. S., Choi, J. Y., Nho, E. Y., Hwang, I. M., Khan, N., Jamila, N., & Kim, K. S. (2019). Determination of macro, micro and trace elements in citrus fruits by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES), ICP–mass spectrometry and direct mercury analyzer. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 99(4), 1870-1879.
  • Jadhav, M. G., & Pawar, S. S. (2018). Elemental analysis of Aegle marmelos L. leaves by ICP-MS Technique. International Journal of Innovative Knowledge Concepts, 6, 12.
  • Jiang, L., Wang, L., Tanveer, M., & Tian, C. (2019). Li biofortification of medicinal tea Apocynum venetum. Scientific reports, 9(1), 1-8.
  • Kudryavtsev, P. G. (2016). Li in nature, application, methods of extraction. Journal" Scientific Israel-Technological Advantages, 18(3), 63-83.
  • Lee, Y. C., & Lee, M. S. (2016). Jang Jukyeom as the Source of Trace Elements to the Human Body: An Analysis using In-san Jukyeom. J Food Sci Nutr, 2(011).
  • Liaugaudaite, V., Mickuviene, N., Raskauskiene, N., Naginiene, R., & Sher, L. (2017). Li levels in the public drinking water supply and risk of suicide: a pilot study. Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology, 43, 197-201.
  • Maria, D., Żaneta, K., & Jadwiga, M. (2015). Li content in the tea and herbal infusions. European Food Research and Technology, 241(2), 289-293.
  • Miftahutdinova, E. A., Tikhonov, S. L., & Natal’ya, V. T. (2020). DEVELOPMENT OF Lİ–CONTAINING FEED ADDITIVE AND ITS USE FOR FORTIFICATION OF CHICKEN BROILERS MEAT AND BY-PRODUCTS. Theory and practice of meat processing, 5(1), 27-31.
  • Mir-Marqués, A., González-Masó, A., Cervera, M. L., & de la Guardia, M. (2015). Mineral profile of Spanish commercial baby food. Food Chemistry, 172, 238-244.
  • Nabrzyski, M., & Gajewska, R. (2002). Content of strontium, Li and calcium in selected milk products and in some marine smoked fish. Food/Nahrung, 46(3), 204-208.
  • Olivari, I., Paz, S., Gutiérrez, Á. J., González-Weller, D., Hardisson, A., Sagratini, G., & Rubio, C. (2020). Macroelement, trace element, and toxic metal levels in leaves and infusions of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(17), 21341-21352.
  • Park, Y. M., Choi, J. Y., Nho, E. Y., Lee, C. M., Hwang, I. M., Khan, N., ... & Kim, K. S. (2019). Determination of macro and trace elements in canned marine products by inductively coupled plasma—optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ICP—mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Analytical Letters, 52(6), 1018-1030.
  • Patnaik, P. S., Ramanaiah, M., & Ramaraju, B. (2019). Quantitative determination of essential and trace element content of some medicinal plants by ICP-MS technique. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 12(4), 1595-1600.
  • Pinto, E., Almeida, A., & Ferreira, I. M. (2016). Essential and non-essential/toxic elements in rice available in the Portuguese and Spanish markets. Journal of food composition and analysis, 48, 81-87.
  • Rubio, C., González-Weller, D., Caballero, J. M., Romano, A. R., Paz, S., Hardisson, A., ... & Revert, C. (2018). Metals in food products with rising consumption (brewer’s yeast, wheat bran, oat bran, sesame seeds, flaxseeds, chia seed). A nutritional and toxicological evaluation. Journal of Functional Foods, 48, 558-565.
  • Rubio, C., Ojeda, I., Gutierrez, A. J., Paz, S., González-Weller, D., & Hardisson, A. (2018). Exposure assessment of trace elements in fresh eggs from free-range and home-grown hens analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 69, 45-52.
  • Rubio, C., Paz, S., Tius, E., Hardisson, A., Gutierrez, A. J., Gonzalez-Weller, D., ... & Revert, C. (2018). Metal contents in the most widely consumed commercial preparations of four different medicinal plants (aloe, senna, ginseng, and ginkgo) from Europe. Biological trace element research, 186(2), 562-567.
  • Rzymski, P., Niedzielski, P., Siwulski, M., Mleczek, M., Budzyńska, S., Gąsecka, M., & Poniedziałek, B. (2017). Li biofortification of medicinal mushrooms Agrocybe cylindracea and Hericium erinaceus. Journal of food science and technology, 54(8), 2387-2393.
  • Schäfer, U. Evaluation of beneficial and adverse effects on plants and animals following Li deficiency and supplementation, and on humans following Li treatment of mood disorders. Trace Elem Electroly 29, 91–112 (2012).
  • Shahzad, B., Mughal, M. N., Tanveer, M., Gupta, D., & Abbas, G. (2017). Is Li biologically an important or toxic element to living organisms? An overview. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(1), 103-115.
  • Shimodera, S., Koike, S., Ando, S., Yamasaki, S., Fujito, R., Endo, K., ... & Nishida, A. (2018). Li levels in tap water and psychotic experiences in a general population of adolescents. Schizophrenia research, 201, 294-298.
  • Sobolev, O. I., Gutyj, B. V., Sobolievа, S. V., Shaposhnik, V. М., Sljusarenko, A. А., Stoyanovskyy, V. G., ... & Bezpaly, I. F. (2019). Digestibility of nutrients by young geese for use of Li in the composition of fodder. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 9(1).
  • Szklarska, D., & Rzymski, P. (2019). Is Li a micronutrient? From biological activity and epidemiological observation to food fortification. Biological trace element research, 189(1), 18-27.
  • Terao, T. (2015). Is Li potentially a trace element? World journal of psychiatry, 5(1), 1.
  • Tinkov, A. A., Nemereshina, O. N., Suliburska, J., Gatiatulina, E. R., Regula, J., Nikonorov, A. A., & Skalny, A. V. (2016). Comparative analysis of the trace element content of the leaves and roots of three Plantago species. Biological trace element research, 173(1), 225-230.
  • Voica, C., Roba, C., & Iordache, A. M. (2021). Li Levels in Food from the Romanian Market by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): A Pilot Study. Analytical Letters, 54(1-2), 242-254.
  • Zeiner, M., Juranović Cindrić, I., Majić, B., & Stingeder, G. (2017). Study of the accumulation of Toxic and Essential Ultra-Trace Elements in Fruits of Sorbus domestica L. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(4), 341.
  • Ziarati, P., Moshiri, I. M., Sadeghi, P., & Mohammadi, S. (2017). Grape pomace flour (Vitis spp.) from Shiraz in South of Iran by high trace mineral elements as food supplements. SF Drug Del Res J, 1(1), 1-9.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Review
Authors

Rabia Serpil Günhan 0000-0001-6360-8185

Submission Date July 5, 2025
Acceptance Date October 23, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Günhan, R. S. (2025). LITHIUM CONCENTRATION IN FOODS AND ITS HEALTH IMPLICATIONS. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature, 8(2), 295-311. https://doi.org/10.35206/jan.1735222
AMA Günhan RS. LITHIUM CONCENTRATION IN FOODS AND ITS HEALTH IMPLICATIONS. J.Apit.Nat. December 2025;8(2):295-311. doi:10.35206/jan.1735222
Chicago Günhan, Rabia Serpil. “LITHIUM CONCENTRATION IN FOODS AND ITS HEALTH IMPLICATIONS”. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature 8, no. 2 (December 2025): 295-311. https://doi.org/10.35206/jan.1735222.
EndNote Günhan RS (December 1, 2025) LITHIUM CONCENTRATION IN FOODS AND ITS HEALTH IMPLICATIONS. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature 8 2 295–311.
IEEE R. S. Günhan, “LITHIUM CONCENTRATION IN FOODS AND ITS HEALTH IMPLICATIONS”, J.Apit.Nat., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 295–311, 2025, doi: 10.35206/jan.1735222.
ISNAD Günhan, Rabia Serpil. “LITHIUM CONCENTRATION IN FOODS AND ITS HEALTH IMPLICATIONS”. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature 8/2 (December2025), 295-311. https://doi.org/10.35206/jan.1735222.
JAMA Günhan RS. LITHIUM CONCENTRATION IN FOODS AND ITS HEALTH IMPLICATIONS. J.Apit.Nat. 2025;8:295–311.
MLA Günhan, Rabia Serpil. “LITHIUM CONCENTRATION IN FOODS AND ITS HEALTH IMPLICATIONS”. Journal of Apitherapy and Nature, vol. 8, no. 2, 2025, pp. 295-11, doi:10.35206/jan.1735222.
Vancouver Günhan RS. LITHIUM CONCENTRATION IN FOODS AND ITS HEALTH IMPLICATIONS. J.Apit.Nat. 2025;8(2):295-311.

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