The Characterization and Bioactive Composition of Turkish Propolis
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to
characterise Turkish propolis and to determine the bioactive composition of it.
86 different propolis samples were collected from 25 different provinces in
Turkey. Chemical, microscopic and functional properties of Turkish propolis
have been determined. Also Turkish
propolis was compared propolis types from other countries.
Each sample was analyzed for moisture
content, beeswax content, total phenolics, antioxidant activity, flavonoid
profile, pollen profile and mineral content. Moisture, ash and beeswax content
were analyzed by AOAC934.01, IHC methods, respectively. Total phenolic
contents, antioxidant activities and flavonoid profile were analyzed by Folin
Ciocalteu, DPPH using Spectrophotometer and by HPLC-PDA, respectively. Possible
botanical sources of the samples were investigated using microscopic method and
mineral contents were determined using ICP-MS.
It was determined that the results vary
depending on flora, season and climate conditions. It was specified that the
flavonoid profile of Turkish propolis showed differences from other types of
propolis. With flavonoid profile analysis, totally 38 different bioactive
compounds were analyzed. Caffeic Acid, p-Coumaric Acid, Ferrulic Acid,
M-Coumaric Acid, 3,4-Dimethoxy Cinnamic Acid, trans-Cinnamic Acid, Pinobanksin,
Quercetin, Naringenin, Luteolin, Genistein, Hesperetin, Kaempferol, Apigenin,
Pinocembrin, CAPE, Chrysin and Galangin were mainly determined in Turkish
Propolis. Possible botanical sources of propolis were determined as Pinus spp., Salix spp., Castanea spp.,
Eucalyptus spp., Quercus spp. and Populus spp.. Different regions mainly contains Iron,
Chromium, Copper, Calcium, Magnesium, Selenium, Manganese and Zinc. It was
specified that flavonoid content of Turkish propolis showed differences from
other propolis types.
Keywords
References
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