Microplastic Levels in Water and Sediment of Karaçomak Dam Lake (Kastamonu, Türkiye)

Yiğit Taştan; Adem Yavuz Sönmez

doi:10.56430/japro.1593885

EN

Microplastic Levels in Water and Sediment of Karaçomak Dam Lake (Kastamonu, Türkiye)

Abstract

This paper investigates the microplastic (MP) abundance and morphology in Karaçomak Dam Lake, a freshwater source used for irrigation and drinking water, located in Kastamonu, Türkiye. Water and sediment samples were collected during January, April, July and October 2023 from two stations determined on the lake. MPs obtained from the samples were counted and classified according to their sizes, shapes (fiber, fragment, film, microbead) and colors. Results showed that the mean MP abundance in the water samples was 3206 particle/m3, while it was 180 particle/kg dry weight in the sediment samples. The most frequent MP type was fiber in surface water samples and fragment in sediment samples. Predominant colors were blue and black for surface water and sediment, respectively. Majority of the MPs found were small-sized MPs (<1 mm). MP abundance was the highest in winter season, followed by autumn, spring and summer, respectively. The seasonal differences were probably driven by rainfall and the anthropogenic activities around the lake. We concluded that the values obtained in this study are moderate in comparison with the literature data. Although it was inferred that sources of MP are domestic waste, agriculture and recreational activities, it is recommended to conduct more comprehensive studies to better understand the sources of MP pollution in Karaçomak Dam Lake.

Keywords

Karaçomak Dam Lake , Plastic , Pollution , Sediment , Water

References

Andrady, A. L. (2011). Microplastics in the marine environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(8), 1596-1605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.05.030
Atamanalp, M., Kokturk, M., Kırıcı, M., Ucar, A., Kırıcı, M., Parlak, V., Aydın, A., & Alak, G. (2022a). Interaction of microplastic presence and oxidative stress in freshwater fish: A regional scale research, east Anatolia of Türkiye (Erzurum & Erzincan & Bingöl). Sustainability, 14(19), 12009. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912009
Atamanalp, M., Köktürk, M., Parlak, V., Ucar, A., Arslan, G., & Alak, G. (2022b). A new record for the presence of microplastics in dominant fish species of the Karasu River Erzurum, Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 7866-7876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16243-w
Atamanalp, M., Kokturk, M., Gündüz, F., Parlak, V., Ucar, A., Alwazeer, D., & Alak, G. (2023). The use of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) as a sentinel species for the microplastic pollution of freshwater: The case of Beyhan Dam Lake, Turkey. Sustainability, 15(2), 1422. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021422
Baldwin, A. K., Corsi, S. R., & Mason, S. A. (2016). Plastic debris in 29 Great Lakes tributaries: Relations to watershed attributes and hydrology. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(19), 10377-10385. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02917
Ballent, A., Purser, A., de Jesus Mendes, P., Pando, S., & Thomsen, L. (2012). Physical transport properties of marine microplastic pollution. Biogeosciences Discussions, 9, 18755-18798. https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-18755-2012
Barrows, A. P. W., Cathey, S. E., & Petersen, C. W. (2018). Marine environment microfiber contamination: Global patterns and the diversity of microparticle origins. Environmental Pollution, 237, 275-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.062
Bergmann, M., Wirzberger, V., Krumpen, T., Lorenz, C., Primpke, S., Tekman, M. B., & Gerdts, G. (2017). High quantities of microplastic in Arctic deep-sea sediments from the HAUSGARTEN observatory. Environmental Science & Technology, 51(19), 11000-11010. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b03331
Blair, R. M., Waldron, S., & Gauchotte-Lindsay, C. (2019). Average daily flow of microplastics through a tertiary wastewater treatment plant over a ten-month period. Water Research, 163, 114909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.114909
Böyükalan, S., & Yerli, S. V. (2023). Microplastic pollution at different trophic levels of freshwater fish in a variety of Türkiye’s lakes and dams. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 23(11), TRJFAS23747. https://doi.org/10.4194/TRJFAS23747

Cheung, P. K., & Fok, L. (2016). Evidence of microbeads from personal care product contaminating the sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 109(1), 582-585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.05.046
Çullu, A. F., Sönmez, V. Z., & Sivri, N. (2021). Microplastic contamination in surface waters of the Küçükçekmece Lagoon, Marmara Sea (Turkey): Sources and areal distribution. Environmental Pollution, 268(Part B), 115801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115801
Di, M., & Wang, J. (2018). Microplastics in surface waters and sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Science of the Total Environment, 616, 1620-1627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.150
Dris, R., Gasperi, J., Rocher, V., Saad, M., Renault, N., & Tassin, B. (2015). Microplastic contamination in an urban area: A case study in Greater Paris. Environmental Chemistry, 12(5), 592-599. https://doi.org/10.1071/EN14167
DSİ. (2016). Karaçomak Barajı. http://www2.dsi.gov.tr/baraj/detay.cfm?BarajID=51 (In Turkish)
Egessa, R., Nankabirwa, A., Ocaya, H., & Pabire, W. G. (2020). Microplastic pollution in surface water of Lake Victoria. Science of the Total Environment, 741, 140201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140201
Eo, S., Hong, S. H., Song, Y. K., Han, G. M., & Shim, W. J. (2019). Spatiotemporal distribution and annual load of microplastics in the Nakdong River, South Korea. Water Research, 160, 228-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.053
Erdoğan, Ş. (2020). Microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems: A case study from Turkey. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 37(3), 213-221. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.37.3.02
Fischer, E. K., Paglialonga, L., Czech, E., & Tamminga, M. (2016). Microplastic pollution in lakes and lake shoreline sediments–a case study on Lake Bolsena and Lake Chiusi (central Italy). Environmental Pollution, 213, 648-657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.012
Gedik, K., & Atasaral, Ş. (2022). The microplastic pattern in Turkish lakes: Sediment and bivalve samples from Çıldır Lake, Almus Dam Lake, and Kartalkaya Dam Lake. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 46(5), 397-408. https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3093
Gray, A. D., Wertz, H., Leads, R. R., & Weinstein, J. E. (2018). Microplastic in two South Carolina Estuaries: Occurrence, distribution, and composition. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 128, 223-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.01.030
Gündoğdu, S., Kutlu, B., Özcan, T., Büyükdeveci, F., & Blettler, M. C. (2023). Microplastic pollution in two remote rivers of Türkiye. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195, 791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11426-z
Hidalgo-Ruz, V., Gutow, L., Thompson, R. C., & Thiel, M. (2012). Microplastics in the marine environment: A review of the methods used for identification and quantification. Environmental Science & Technology, 46(6), 3060-3075. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2031505
Horton, A. A., Walton, A., Spurgeon, D. J., Lahive, E., & Svendsen, C. (2017). Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: Evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities. Science of the Total Environment, 586, 127-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.190
Hu, D., Zhang, Y., & Shen, M. (2020). Investigation on microplastic pollution of Dongting Lake and its affiliated rivers. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 160, 111555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111555
Kankılıç, G. B., Koraltan, İ., Erkmen, B., Çağan, A. S., Çırak, T., Özen, M., Seyfe, M., Altındağ, A., & Tavşanoğlu, Ü. N. (2023). Size-selective microplastic uptake by freshwater organisms: Fish, mussel, and zooplankton. Environmental Pollution, 336, 122445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122445
Kotar, S., McNeish, R., Murphy-Hagan, C., Renick, V., Lee, C. F. T., Steele, C., Lusher, A., Moore, C., Minor, E., Schroeder, J., Helm, P., Rickabaugh, K., De Frond, H., Gesulga, K., Lao, W., Munno, K., Thornton Hampton, L. M., Weisberg, S. B., Wong, C. S., Amarpuri, G., & Rochman, C. M. (2022). Quantitative assessment of visual microscopy as a tool for microplastic research: Recommendations for improving methods and reporting. Chemosphere, 308(Part 3), 136449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136449
Lam, T. W. L., Ho, H. T., Ma, A. T., & Fok, L. (2020). Microplastic contamination of surface water-sourced tap water in Hong Kong—a preliminary study. Applied Sciences, 10(10), 3463. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10103463
Li, X., Chen, L., Mei, Q., Dong, B., Dai, X., Ding, G., & Zeng, E. Y. (2018). Microplastics in sewage sludge from the wastewater treatment plants in China. Water Research, 142, 75-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.034
Lin, L., Zuo, L. Z., Peng, J. P., Cai, L. Q., Fok, L., Yan, Y., Li, H. X., & Xu, X. R. (2018). Occurrence and distribution of microplastics in an urban river: a case study in the Pearl River along Guangzhou City, China. Science of the Total Environment, 644, 375-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.327
Lv, X., Dong, Q., Zuo, Z., Liu, Y., Huang, X., & Wu, W. M. (2019). Microplastics in a municipal wastewater treatment plant: Fate, dynamic distribution, removal efficiencies, and control strategies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 225, 579-586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.321
Ma, H., Chao, L., Wan, H., & Zhu, Q. (2024). Microplastic pollution in water systems: Characteristics and control methods. Diversity, 16(1), 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16010070
Mason, S. A., Daily, J., Aleid, G., Ricotta, R., Smith, M., Donnelly, K., Knauff, R., Edwards, W., & Hoffman, M. J. (2020). High levels of pelagic plastic pollution within the surface waters of Lakes Erie and Ontario. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 46(2), 277-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2019.12.012
Masura, J., Baker, J., Foster, G., & Arthur, C. (2015). Laboratory methods for the analysis of microplastics in the marine environment: Recommendations for quantifying synthetic particles in waters and sediments. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS-OR&R-48.
Mutlu, T., Minaz, M., Baytaşoğlu, H., & Gedik, K. (2024). Monitoring of microplastic pollution in sediments along the Çoruh River Basin, NE Türkiye. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 263, 104334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104334
NOAA. (2024). What are microplastics? https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial-coastal/marine-debris/md04.html
Nor, N. H. M., & Obbard, J. P. (2014). Microplastics in Singapore’s coastal mangrove ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 79(1-2), 278-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.11.025
Nuelle, M. T., Dekiff, J. H., Remy, D., & Fries, E. (2014). A new analytical approach for monitoring microplastics in marine sediments. Environmental Pollution, 184, 161-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.027
Peeken, I., Primpke, S., Beyer, B., Gütermann, J., Katlein, C., Krumpen, T., Bergmann, M., Hehemann, L., & Gerdts, G. (2018). Arctic sea ice is an important temporal sink and means of transport for microplastic. Nature Communications, 9, 1505. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03825-5
Quesadas-Rojas, M., Enriquez, C., & Valle-Levinson, A. (2021). Natural and anthropogenic effects on microplastic distribution in a hypersaline lagoon. Science of the Total Environment, 776, 145803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145803
Ross, M. S., Loutan, A., Groeneveld, T., Molenaar, D., Kroetch, K., Bujaczek, T., Kolter, S., Moon, S., Huynh, A., Khayam, R., Franczak, B. C., Camm, E., Arnold, V. I., & Ruecker, N. J. (2023). Estimated discharge of microplastics via urban stormwater during individual rain events. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11, 1090267. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1090267
Ryan, P. G., Moore, C. J., Van Franeker, J. A., & Moloney, C. L. (2009). Monitoring the abundance of plastic debris in the marine environment. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1526), 1999-2012. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0207
Su, L., Xue, Y., Li, L., Yang, D., Kolandhasamy, P., Li, D., & Shi, H. (2016). Microplastics in Taihu lake, China. Environmental Pollution, 216, 711-719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.06.036
Sun, J., Zhu, Z. R., Li, W. H., Yan, X., Wang, L. K., Zhang, L., Jin, J., Dai, X., & Ni, B. J. (2021). Revisiting microplastics in landfill leachate: Unnoticed tiny microplastics and their fate in treatment works. Water Research, 190, 116784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116784
Şahin, S. K., & Zeybek, M. (2019). Diversity and species composition of the macrobenthic invertebrates in Sürgü stream (Malatya, Turkey). Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(1), 60-67. https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.529074
Tavşanoğlu, Ü. N., Başaran Kankılıç, G., Akca, G., Çırak, T., & Erdoğan, Ş. (2020). Microplastics in a dam lake in Turkey: Type, mesh size effect, and bacterial biofilm communities. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27, 45688-45698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10424-9
Turhan, D. Ö. (2022). Evaluation of microplastics in the surface water, sediment and fish of Sürgü Dam Reservoir (Malatya) in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 22(7), TRJFAS20157. http://doi.org/10.4194/TRJFAS20157
Turra, A., Manzano, A. B., Dias, R. J. S., Mahiques, M. M., Barbosa, L., Balthazar-Silva, D., & Moreira, F. T. (2014). Three-dimensional distribution of plastic pellets in sandy beaches: Shifting paradigms. Scientific Reports, 4, 4435. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04435
Wagner, M., Scherer, C., Alvarez-Muñoz, D., Brennholt, N., Bourrain, X., Buchinger, S., Fries, E., Grosbois, C., Klasmeier, J., Marti, T., Rodriguez-Mozaz, S., Urbatzka, R., Vethaak, A. D., Winther-Nielsen, M., & Reifferscheid, G. (2014). Microplastics in freshwater ecosystems: What we know and what we need to know. Environmental Sciences Europe, 26, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-014-0012-7
Wang, G., Lu, J., Tong, Y., Liu, Z., Zhou, H., & Xiayihazi, N. (2020). Occurrence and pollution characteristics of microplastics in surface water of the Manas River Basin, China. Science of the Total Environment, 710, 136099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136099
Wang, J., Bucci, K., Helm, P. A., Hoellein, T., Hoffman, M. J., Rooney, R., & Rochman, C. M. (2022). Runoff and discharge pathways of microplastics into freshwater ecosystems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Facets. https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2022-0140
Weideman, E. A., Perold, V., & Ryan, P. G. (2019). Little evidence that dams in the Orange–Vaal River system trap floating microplastics or microfibres. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 149, 110664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110664
Wong, J. K. H., Lee, K. K., Tang, K. H. D., & Yap, P. S. (2020). Microplastics in the freshwater and terrestrial environments: Prevalence, fates, impacts and sustainable solutions. Science of the Total Environment, 719, 137512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137512
Wright, S. L., Thompson, R. C., & Galloway, T. S. (2013). The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: A review. Environmental Pollution, 178, 483-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.031
Wright, S. L., & Kelly, F. J. (2017). Plastic and human health: A micro issue? Environmental Science & Technology, 51(12), 6634-6647. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00423
Yuan, W., Liu, X., Wang, W., Di, M., & Wang, J. (2019). Microplastic abundance, distribution and composition in water, sediments, and wild fish from Poyang Lake, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 170, 180-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.126
Zhao, W., Li, J., Liu, M., Wang, R., Zhang, B., Meng, X. Z., & Zhang, S. (2024). Seasonal variations of microplastics in surface water and sediment in an inland river drinking water source in southern China. Science of The Total Environment, 908, 168241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168241
Zolotova, N., Kosyreva, A., Dzhalilova, D., Fokichev, N., & Makarova, O. (2022). Harmful effects of the microplastic pollution on animal health: A literature review. PeerJ, 10, e13503. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13503

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Water Resources and Water Structures , Irrigation Water Quality

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Yiğit Taştan ^*
0000-0002-6782-1597
Türkiye

Adem Yavuz Sönmez
0000-0002-7043-1987
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 31, 2024

Submission Date

November 30, 2024

Acceptance Date

December 25, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 5 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.56430/japro.1593885

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA47LY64WM

APA

Taştan, Y., & Sönmez, A. Y. (2024). Microplastic Levels in Water and Sediment of Karaçomak Dam Lake (Kastamonu, Türkiye). Journal of Agricultural Production, 5(4), 283-294. https://doi.org/10.56430/japro.1593885

Microplastics in stratified reservoirs of the Ceyhan River Basin: vertical distribution, environmental correlates, and the role of dams in contamination

Environmental Research Communications

https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ae51fb

A review of microplastics pollution in dams globally: Consequences and future outlook

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104730

Microplastic Levels in Water and Sediment of Karaçomak Dam Lake (Kastamonu, Türkiye)

Microplastic Levels in Water and Sediment of Karaçomak Dam Lake (Kastamonu, Türkiye)

Abstract

Keywords

Öz

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite

Cited By

A review on the presence of microplastics in Asian water and health consequences

Assessment of microplastic digestion methods in source and treated drinking waters

Tracing microplastic pathways: assessing pollution in a freshwater lake with high tourist activity

First Assessment of Microplastic Pollution in Reservoir Dams: A Case Study from Northwest Tunisia

Microplastics in stratified reservoirs of the Ceyhan River Basin: vertical distribution, environmental correlates, and the role of dams in contamination

A review of microplastics pollution in dams globally: Consequences and future outlook