Artificial Neural Networks Modelling for Nitrate Prediction in Surface Water of Gökırmak River (Türkiye)

Semih Kale; Adem Yavuz Sönmez; Yiğit Taştan; Ali Eslem Kadak; Rahmi Can Özdemir

doi:10.56430/japro.1662391

EN

Artificial Neural Networks Modelling for Nitrate Prediction in Surface Water of Gökırmak River (Türkiye)

Abstract

This study aimed to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model to estimate the nitrate content in the surface water of the Gökırmak River. Samplings were carried out during 12 months from six stations between 2020 and 2021. Nitrate content varied between 0.20 and 2.70 mg l-1 while the mean value was 1.18 mg l-1 during the study period. The developed model consists of two input layers (month and station) and one output layer (nitrate content). Feed-forward backprop was used as the network type. Levenberg-Marquardt (TRAINLM) was used as a training function, LEARNGDM was used as an adaption learning function and mean squared error (MSE) was used as a performance function. The number of neurons was 10 and TANSIG was selected as transfer function. Epoch number adjusted 1000 iterations. ANN model predicted the nitrate content between 0.24 and 2.61 with a mean value of 1.16 mg l-1. The results showed that the best validation performance is 0.61264 at epoch 30. R values are 0.96257 and 0.84231 for training and testing, respectively. R-value was found 0.85352 for all data. In conclusion, this study presents the conception of an artificial neural network (ANN) model designed to predict nitrate concentrations in river water. The developed ANN model provides reasonable results for predicting the nitrate content using only given time and location inputs. More inputs can be included in future studies to ensure higher accuracy in the development of ANN models.

Keywords

ANN, Estimate, Nitrate, Water quality

Supporting Institution

The Scientific Research Coordination Unit of Kastamonu University

Project Number

KÜBAP01/2020-09

Thanks

This study was financially supported by The Scientific Research Coordination Unit of Kastamonu University with project number: KÜBAP01/2020-09. An earlier version of this study was presented at the 5th International Congress on Engineering and Life Science held in Romania organized on 10-12 September, 2024.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Irrigation Water Quality, Aquaculture and Fisheries (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Semih Kale
0000-0001-5705-6935
Türkiye

Adem Yavuz Sönmez
0000-0002-7043-1987
Türkiye

Yiğit Taştan ^*
0000-0002-6782-1597
Türkiye

Ali Eslem Kadak
0000-0002-7128-9134
Türkiye

Rahmi Can Özdemir
0000-0001-9986-0868
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 29, 2025

Submission Date

March 21, 2025

Acceptance Date

May 27, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 6 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.56430/japro.1662391

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA46ZT33DH

APA

Kale, S., Sönmez, A. Y., Taştan, Y., Kadak, A. E., & Özdemir, R. C. (2025). Artificial Neural Networks Modelling for Nitrate Prediction in Surface Water of Gökırmak River (Türkiye). Journal of Agricultural Production, 6(2), 106-116. https://doi.org/10.56430/japro.1662391

AMA

1.Kale S, Sönmez AY, Taştan Y, Kadak AE, Özdemir RC. Artificial Neural Networks Modelling for Nitrate Prediction in Surface Water of Gökırmak River (Türkiye). J Agri Pro. 2025;6(2):106-116. doi:10.56430/japro.1662391

Chicago

Kale, Semih, Adem Yavuz Sönmez, Yiğit Taştan, Ali Eslem Kadak, and Rahmi Can Özdemir. 2025. “Artificial Neural Networks Modelling for Nitrate Prediction in Surface Water of Gökırmak River (Türkiye)”. Journal of Agricultural Production 6 (2): 106-16. https://doi.org/10.56430/japro.1662391.

EndNote

Kale S, Sönmez AY, Taştan Y, Kadak AE, Özdemir RC (June 1, 2025) Artificial Neural Networks Modelling for Nitrate Prediction in Surface Water of Gökırmak River (Türkiye). Journal of Agricultural Production 6 2 106–116.

IEEE

[1]S. Kale, A. Y. Sönmez, Y. Taştan, A. E. Kadak, and R. C. Özdemir, “Artificial Neural Networks Modelling for Nitrate Prediction in Surface Water of Gökırmak River (Türkiye)”, J Agri Pro, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 106–116, June 2025, doi: 10.56430/japro.1662391.

ISNAD

Kale, Semih - Sönmez, Adem Yavuz - Taştan, Yiğit - Kadak, Ali Eslem - Özdemir, Rahmi Can. “Artificial Neural Networks Modelling for Nitrate Prediction in Surface Water of Gökırmak River (Türkiye)”. Journal of Agricultural Production 6/2 (June 1, 2025): 106-116. https://doi.org/10.56430/japro.1662391.

JAMA

1.Kale S, Sönmez AY, Taştan Y, Kadak AE, Özdemir RC. Artificial Neural Networks Modelling for Nitrate Prediction in Surface Water of Gökırmak River (Türkiye). J Agri Pro. 2025;6:106–116.

MLA

Kale, Semih, et al. “Artificial Neural Networks Modelling for Nitrate Prediction in Surface Water of Gökırmak River (Türkiye)”. Journal of Agricultural Production, vol. 6, no. 2, June 2025, pp. 106-1, doi:10.56430/japro.1662391.

Vancouver

1.Semih Kale, Adem Yavuz Sönmez, Yiğit Taştan, Ali Eslem Kadak, Rahmi Can Özdemir. Artificial Neural Networks Modelling for Nitrate Prediction in Surface Water of Gökırmak River (Türkiye). J Agri Pro. 2025 Jun. 1;6(2):106-1. doi:10.56430/japro.1662391

Abstract

Artificial Neural Networks Modelling for Nitrate Prediction in Surface Water of Gökırmak River (Türkiye)

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