Uydu Verisi ve CBS ile Van Gölü Klorofil-a Dinamiklerinin İzlenmesi

Year 2024, , 60 - 79, 15.03.2024

Ufuk Tarı , Nazlı Olğun Kıyak

https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1317247

Abstract

Dünyanın en büyük alkali gölü olan Van Gölü, fitoplankton (mikro-alg) içeriği açısından düşük organik üretimli (oligotrofik) bir yapıya sahiptir. Besin zincirinin ilk halkasını oluşturan fitoplankton yoğunluğunun belirlenmesinde en sık kullanılan parametrelerden biri klorofil-a pigmentidir. Fitoplankton ve dolayısıyla klorofil-a yoğunlaşmaları aynı zamanda su kalitesinin evsel, tarımsal ve sanayi atıkları gibi insan kaynaklı kirliliğin takibinde de kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Van Gölü’ndeki klorofil-a konsantrasyonlarının dağılım haritaları, literatürdeki 1983-84, 2002 ve 2014 yersel ölçme verileri (spektrofotometrik yöntem ile), uydu verisi ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) metotları kullanılarak Van Gölü’ndeki temsiliyet kapasitesi değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre, klorofil-a dağılımları mekânsal olarak değişiklik göstermektedir. Gölün kuzeydoğu ve doğusundaki klorofil-a yoğunluğunun, gölün batı kesimine göre oldukça yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Saha çalışmaları ile 2014 yılı klorofil-a yersel ölçmelerden elde edilen klorofil-a değerleri (1.7-7.8 mg/m3) kullanılarak Landsat-8 OLI algılayıcısına ait mavi bantın (562-443 nm arası dalga boyu) yeşil banta (562-482 nm arası dalga boyu) yansıma oranı ile elde edilen klorofil-a konsantrasyonunun ölçme hatalarının içerisinde kaldığı (karesel ortalama hata) ve Landsat-8 OLI algılayıcısının Van Gölü’ndeki klorofil-a konsantrasyonlarını haritalamak için uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, Van Gölü’nün farklı lokasyonlarında 1983-84 ve 2002 yıllarında klorofil-a tesbiti için yapılan yersel ölçmeler kullanılarak, CBS’de jeo-istatistik analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile birlikte, Van Gölü’ndeki klorofil-a’nın mekânsal dağılımlarının izlenmesinde CBS yöntemiyle kıyaslandığında uydu verisinin temsiliyetinin yeterli doğrulukta tahmin edilebileceği ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

Van Gölü, klorofil-a, uzaktan algılama, Landsat-8/OLI, CBS

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

112C001

Thanks

Bu çalışmada kullanılan Van Gölü 2014 seferi verileri, Avrupa Birliği Marie Curie Cofund ‘Environmental impacts of subaerial volcanic eruptions on alkaline lakes–A case study on Lake Van in eastern Turkey (EVOLVAN) başlıklı projesi ve TÜBİTAK 112C001 nolu proje desteği ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Van Gölü batimetri verileri için, Dr. Deniz Çukur’a ve ICDP PaleoVan Projesi ekibine de teşekkür ederiz.

Monitoring the Chlorophyll-a Dynamics of Van Lake with Satellite Data and GIS

Abstract

Lake Van, the world's largest alkaline lake, is known to be a low organic production (oligotrophic) lake in terms of phytoplankton (micro-algae). Chlorophyll-a (chl-a) pigment is one of the most frequently used parameters in determining the phytoplankton, which makes up the first link of the food chain in the lakes. Phytoplankton and hence chlorophyll-a concentrations are also used for monitoring water quality and anthropogenic pollution such as domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastes. In this study, chlorophyll-a distributions of Lake Van were studied by using in situ chl-a measurements (by spectrophotometric method) found in the literature (1983-84, 2002 and 2014 data), remote sensing data and Geographic Information System (GIS) methods, and the representativeness of satellite data in the study region was evaluated. Accordingly, chl-a distributions in Lake Van varied significantly with higher chl-a concentrations found in the northeast and east of the lake compared to the western section. The differences in chl-a data from in situ measurements in field studies in 2014 (1.7-7.8 mg/m3) and the reflection ratio of the blue band (562-443 nm wavelength) to the green band (562-482 nm wavelength) of the Landsat-8 OLI sensor were found to be below the measurement errors (mean squared error) and which suggested the suitability of Landsat-8 OLI sensor for mapping chl-a concentrations throughout Lake Van. In addition, geo-statistical analyses were performed for the two other chl-a data sets including the 1983-84 and 2002 data, which were older than the available satellite technology. This study showed that the use of satellite data for representation for Lake Van chl-a spatial distribution is more accurate compared to GIS method.

Keywords

Lake Van, chlorophyll-a, remote sensing, Landsat-8/OLI, GIS

Project Number

112C001

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