Uydu Verisi ve CBS ile Van Gölü Klorofil-a Dinamiklerinin İzlenmesi

Abstract

Dünyanın en büyük alkali gölü olan Van Gölü, fitoplankton (mikro-alg) içeriği açısından düşük organik üretimli (oligotrofik) bir yapıya sahiptir. Besin zincirinin ilk halkasını oluşturan fitoplankton yoğunluğunun belirlenmesinde en sık kullanılan parametrelerden biri klorofil-a pigmentidir. Fitoplankton ve dolayısıyla klorofil-a yoğunlaşmaları aynı zamanda su kalitesinin evsel, tarımsal ve sanayi atıkları gibi insan kaynaklı kirliliğin takibinde de kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Van Gölü’ndeki klorofil-a konsantrasyonlarının dağılım haritaları, literatürdeki 1983-84, 2002 ve 2014 yersel ölçme verileri (spektrofotometrik yöntem ile), uydu verisi ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) metotları kullanılarak Van Gölü’ndeki temsiliyet kapasitesi değerlendirilmiştir. Buna göre, klorofil-a dağılımları mekânsal olarak değişiklik göstermektedir. Gölün kuzeydoğu ve doğusundaki klorofil-a yoğunluğunun, gölün batı kesimine göre oldukça yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Saha çalışmaları ile 2014 yılı klorofil-a yersel ölçmelerden elde edilen klorofil-a değerleri (1.7-7.8 mg/m3) kullanılarak Landsat-8 OLI algılayıcısına ait mavi bantın (562-443 nm arası dalga boyu) yeşil banta (562-482 nm arası dalga boyu) yansıma oranı ile elde edilen klorofil-a konsantrasyonunun ölçme hatalarının içerisinde kaldığı (karesel ortalama hata) ve Landsat-8 OLI algılayıcısının Van Gölü’ndeki klorofil-a konsantrasyonlarını haritalamak için uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, Van Gölü’nün farklı lokasyonlarında 1983-84 ve 2002 yıllarında klorofil-a tesbiti için yapılan yersel ölçmeler kullanılarak, CBS’de jeo-istatistik analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile birlikte, Van Gölü’ndeki klorofil-a’nın mekânsal dağılımlarının izlenmesinde CBS yöntemiyle kıyaslandığında uydu verisinin temsiliyetinin yeterli doğrulukta tahmin edilebileceği ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

• Van Gölü
• klorofil-a
• uzaktan algılama
• Landsat-8/OLI
• CBS

Monitoring the Chlorophyll-a Dynamics of Van Lake with Satellite Data and GIS

Abstract

Lake Van, the world's largest alkaline lake, is known to be a low organic production (oligotrophic) lake in terms of phytoplankton (micro-algae). Chlorophyll-a (chl-a) pigment is one of the most frequently used parameters in determining the phytoplankton, which makes up the first link of the food chain in the lakes. Phytoplankton and hence chlorophyll-a concentrations are also used for monitoring water quality and anthropogenic pollution such as domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastes. In this study, chlorophyll-a distributions of Lake Van were studied by using in situ chl-a measurements (by spectrophotometric method) found in the literature (1983-84, 2002 and 2014 data), remote sensing data and Geographic Information System (GIS) methods, and the representativeness of satellite data in the study region was evaluated. Accordingly, chl-a distributions in Lake Van varied significantly with higher chl-a concentrations found in the northeast and east of the lake compared to the western section. The differences in chl-a data from in situ measurements in field studies in 2014 (1.7-7.8 mg/m3) and the reflection ratio of the blue band (562-443 nm wavelength) to the green band (562-482 nm wavelength) of the Landsat-8 OLI sensor were found to be below the measurement errors (mean squared error) and which suggested the suitability of Landsat-8 OLI sensor for mapping chl-a concentrations throughout Lake Van. In addition, geo-statistical analyses were performed for the two other chl-a data sets including the 1983-84 and 2002 data, which were older than the available satellite technology. This study showed that the use of satellite data for representation for Lake Van chl-a spatial distribution is more accurate compared to GIS method.

Keywords

• Lake Van
• chlorophyll-a
• remote sensing
• Landsat-8/OLI
• GIS

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