Investigation of Carbonization Behavior of Grape Pulp

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to examine the carbonization behavior of grape pulp in both inert and oxygenated atmospheres. The number of products that any biomass will form under torrefaction conditions depending primarily on the basic components of the biomass because the structural differences of the basic components cause their thermal behavior to be different. Therefore, it is undoubtedly important to understand the changes that occur and the resulting products. Approximately 80% volatile components and 20% fixed carbon were found in the structure of lignocellulosic materials. During the carbonization process, the elemental oxygen content of the biomass decreased significantly with temperature. In the range of 200-350˚C, some of the volatile components separated from the biomass and thus the structure of the biomass became harder and more brittle. The fiber structure of the original biomass was broken down, largely by degradation of hemicelluloses and to a lesser extent by degradation of cellulose molecules. This helps the biomass structure become more fragile and grind more easily. After the volatile components were removed, the elemental oxygen content of the biomass decreased and accordingly the heat value gradually increased to 19 MJ. 21- 23 MJ from kg-1. increased to kg-1 values.

Keywords

• Carbonization
• torrefaction
• closed system
• product yield
• grape pulp

Üzüm Posasının Karbonizasyon Davranışının İncelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada üzüm posası hem inert hem de oksijenli atmosferlerde karbonizasyon davranışının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Herhangi bir biyokütlenin torrefaksiyon koşullarında oluşturacağı ürünlerin miktarı, öncelikle biyokütlenin temel bileşenlerine bağlıdır. Çünkü temel bileşenlerin yapısal farklılıkları termal davranışlarının da farklı olmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu yüzden meydana gelen değişimlerin ve ortaya çıkan ürünlerin anlaşılması açısından şüphesiz oldukça önemlidir. Lignoselülozik maddelerin yapısında yaklaşık olarak %80 uçucu bileşen ve %20 sabit karbon bulundu. Karbonizasyon prosesi boyunca biyokütlenin elementsel oksijen oranı sıcaklıkla önemli oranda azaldı. 200-350˚C aralığında uçucu bileşenlerin bir kısmı biyokütleden ayrıldı ve böylece biyokütlenin yapısı daha sert ve kırılgan bir hale geldi. Büyük oranda hemiselülozların bozunması ve daha az oranda selüloz moleküllerinin bozunması suretiyle orijinal biyokütlenin fiber yapısı parçalandı. Bu durum biyokütle yapısının daha kırılgan bir hale gelmesine ve daha kolay öğütülmesine yardımcı olmaktadır. Uçucu bileşenler uzaklaştırıldıktan sonra biyokütlenin elementsel oksijen oranı azaldı ve buna bağlı olarak ısı değeri kademeli olarak 19 MJ. kg-1 den 21- 23 MJ. kg-1 değerine yükseldi.

Keywords

• Karbonizasyon
• torrefikasyon
• kapalı sistem
• ürün verimi
• üzüm posası

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