In vitro Allelopathic Potential of Leaf Water Extracts of Plantago lanceolata and P. major on the Germination of Some Crops

Year 2024, , 150 - 160, 15.03.2024

Onur Yaraş , Nadim Yılmazer

https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1364216

Abstract

Alongside increasing productivity in plant production, reducing crop losses has become a major focus for the struggle of today’s man against hunger. Allelopathy, an ecological phenomenon in which organisms interfere with each other, can be a useful strategy in agricultural systems, especially for weed management. In this study, the allelopathic effects of leaf water extracts from two weed species, Plantago lanceolata and P. major, on the seed germination of some crop plants, including wheat, sunflower, lentil, bean, carrot, radish, and purslane were investigated. In vitro germination assays were conducted to determine the effects of different dilutions of the stock extract on the germination rate. The results of the study showed that as the concentration of the extracts from both weeds increased, germination rates decreased in all crop plants. As to the seeds that were exposed to P. lanceolata extract, the ones with the most inhibited germination were carrot (11.84-100%), purslane (18.53-100%), radish (6.17-98.84%), lentil (13.77-95.56%), sunflower (17.57-94.98%), and wheat (30.12-78.31%). The seeds of beans (28.69-39.15%), on the other hand, were the least affected. Similarly, for seeds exposed to P. major extract, the ones with the most inhibited germination were carrot (4.67-100%), lentil (65.46-99.55%), purslane (25.09-99.24%), radish (48.69-95.51%), sunflower (43.68-93.16%), and beans (20.70-66.80%), while wheat (12.35-60.62%) seeds were the least affected. If purslane and radish are considered as weeds, our findings suggest that higher concentrations of P. lanceolata and P. major extracts can be effective bioherbicides for controlling these weeds.

Keywords

Plantago, allelopathy, leaf extract, seed germination, Petri dish assay

Thanks

The authors would like to express their gratitude to Prof. Dr. Ebru GÜREL GÜREVİN and Biologist Dr. Deniz EROL KUTUCU for their assistance in statistical analyses, as well as to Biologist Gülce BAYHUN for her technical support at every stage of the study.

References

• United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects 2022: Summary of Result (2022), https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/World-Population-Prospects-2022, Accessed 12 March 2023.
• Ö. Demirel, O. Akveç, C. Can, A current overview of plant biotechnology, Euroasia Journal of Mathematics, Engineering, Natural & Medical Sciences 9 (20) (2022) 110–149.
• D. M. Rizzo, M. Lichtveld, J. A. K. Mazet, E. Togami, S. A. Miller, Plant health and its effects on food safety and security in a One Health framework: four case studies, One Health Outlook 3 (2021) Article Number 6 9 pages.
• Y. Gharde, P. K. Singh, R. P. Dubey, P. K. Gupta, Assessment of yield and economic losses in agriculture due to weeds in India, Crop Protection 107 (2018) 12–18.
• B. S. Chauhan, Grand challenges in weed management, Frontiers in Agronomy 1 (2020) 3 4 pages.
• K. Jabran, G. Mahajan, V. Sardana, B. S. Chauhan, Allelopathy for weed control in agricultural systems, Crop Protection 72 (2015) 57–65.
• Y. Khamare, J. Chen, S. C. Marble, Allelopathy and its application as a weed management tool: A review, Frontiers in Plant Science 13 (2022) 1034649 17 pages.
• M. Kostina-Bednarz, J. Płonka, H. Barchanska, Allelopathy as a source of bioherbicides: challenges and prospects for sustainable agriculture, Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology 22 (2) (2023) 471–504.
• İ. Kadıoğlu, Y. Yanar, U. Asav, Allelopathic effects of weeds extracts against seed germination of some plants, Journal of Environmental Biology 26 (2) (2005) 169–173.
• R. Velasco-Lezama, R. Tapia-Aguilar, R. Roman-Ramos, E. Vega-Avila, Ma. S. Perez-Gutierrez, Effect of Plantago major on cell proliferation in vitro, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 103 (1) (2006) 36–42.
• E. Kozan, E. Küpeli, E. Yeşilada, Evaluation of some plants used in Turkish folk medicine against parasitic infections for their in vivo anthelmintic activity, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 108 (2) (2006) 211–216.
• M. Ertem, M. S. Adak, Effects on germination and viability of gibberellic acid and potassium nitrate on endemic Verbascum linearilobum species, Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Bursa Uludağ University 36 (1) (2021) 173–195.
• E. Kaçal, O. Çalışkan, A. Atak, M. Aydınlı, G. Öztürk, A. Bayav, Effects of proline and temperature applications on germination of black mulberry seeds, Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 25 (2) (2020) 181–188.
• H. Önen, Studies on some biological aspects and control methods of Artemisia vulgaris L, Doctoral Dissertation Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University (1999) Tokat.
• S. J. Meiners, C.-H. Kong, Introduction to the special issue on allelopathy, Plant Ecology 213 (12) (2012) 1857–1859.
• Y. Xu, X. Chen, L. Ding, C.-H. Kong, Allelopathy and allelochemicals in grasslands and forests, Forests 14 (3) (2023) 562 22 pages.
• A. Rahimi, H. R. Rahimian Mashhadi, M. R. Jahansoz, F. Sharifzade, K. Postini, Allelopathic effect of Plantago psyllium on germination and growth stages of four weed species, Iranian Journal of Weed Science 2 (2) (2006) 13–30.
• A. M. Abd El-Gawad, I. A. Mashaly, M. E. Abu Ziada, M. R. Deweeb, Phytotoxicity of three Plantago species on germination and seedling growth of hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa L.), Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2 (4) (2015) 303–309.
• H. Wang, Y. Zhou, Y. Chen, Q. Wang, L. Jiang, Y. Luo, Allelopathic potential of invasive Plantago virginica on four lawn species, PLoS One 10 (4) (2015) e0125433.
• A. F. Al-Obaidi, Phytotoxicity of Plantago major extracts on germination and seedling growth of purslane (Portulaca oleracea), in: J. C. Jimenez-Lopez (Ed.), Seed Dormancy and Germination, IntechOpen, 2020, Ch. 7, 9 pages.
• M. Dietz, S. Machill, H. C. Hoffmann, K. Schmidtke, Inhibitory effects of Plantago lanceolata L. on soil N mineralization, Plant and Soil 368 (2013) 445–458.
• B. Lotina-Hennsen, B. King-Diaz, M. I. Aguilar, M. G. Hernandez Terrones, Plant secondary metabolites. Targets and mechanisms of allelopathy, in: M. J. Reigosa, N. Pedrol, L. González (Eds.), Allelopathy: A Physiological Process with Ecological Implications, Springer, Dordrecht, 2006, Ch. 11, pp. 229–265.
• C.-H. Chou, Introduction to allelopathy, in: M. J. Reigosa, N. Pedrol, L. González (Eds.), Allelopathy: A Physiological Process with Ecological Implications, Springer, Dordrecht, 2006, Ch. 1, pp. 1–9.
• D. Soltys, U. Krasuska, R. Bogatek, A. Agnieszka Gniazdowska, Allelochemicals as Bioherbicides-Present and Perspectives, in: A. J. Price, J. A. Kelton (Eds.), Herbicides-Current Research and Case Studies in Use, IntechOpen, 2013, Ch. 20, pp. 517–542.
• A. A. Singh, G. Rajeswari, L. A. Nirmal, S. Jacob, Synthesis and extraction routes of allelochemicals from plants and microbes: A review, Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 40 (1) (2021) 293–311.
• X. Zhu, Y. Yi, L. Huang, C. Zhang, H. Shao, Metabolomics reveals the allelopathic potential of the invasive plant Eupatorium adenophorum, Plants (Basel) 10 (7) (2021) 1473 14 pages.
• A. Charbonneau, D. Tack, A. Lale, J. Goldston, M. Caple, E. Conner, O. Barazani, J. Ziffer-Berger, I. Dworkin, J. K. Conner, Weed evolution: Genetic differentiation among wild, weedy, and crop radish, Evolutionary Applications 11 (10) (2018) 1964–1974.
• R. B. Vercellino, C. E. Pandolfo, M. Cantamutto, A. Presotto, Interference of feral radish (Raphanus sativus) resistant to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides with oilseed rape, wheat, and sunflower, International Journal of Pest Management (in press).
• B. S. Chauhan, D. E. Johnson, Seed germination ecology of Portulaca oleracea L.: An important weed of rice and upland crops, Annals of Applied Biology 155 (1) (2009) 61–69.
• C. A. Proctor, R. E. Gaussoin, Z. J. Reicher, Vegetative reproduction potential of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), Weed Technology 25 (4) (2011) 694–697.
• H. M. El-Shora, M. M. Alharbi, D. B. Darwish, D. Gad, Allelopathic potential of aqueous leaf extract of Rumex dentatus L. on metabolites and enzyme activities of common purslane leaves, Journal of Plant Interactions 17 (1) (2022) 267–276.
• S. Rashidi, A. Reza Yousefi, N. Goicoechea, M. Pouryousef, P. Moradi, S. Vitalini, M. Iriti, Allelopathic interactions between seeds of Portulaca oleracea L. and crop species, Applied Sciences 11 (8) (2021) 3539 11 pages.
• J. A. Fernández, A. Navarro, M. J. Vicente, D. Peñapareja, V. Plana, Effect of seed germination methods on seedling emergence and earliness of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) cultivars in a hydroponic floating system, Acta Horticulturae 782 (2008) 207–212.
• G. B. Williamson, D. Richardson, Bioassays for allelopathy: Measuring treatment responses with independent controls, Journal of Chemical Ecology 14 (1988) 181–187.
• R. G. Belz, K. Hurle, S. O. Duke, Dose-Response-A challenge for allelopathy?, Nonlinearity in Biology, Toxicology and Medicine 3 (2) (2005) 173–211.
• S. Gülsoy, K. Özkan, A. Mert, Y. Eser, Chemical compounds of volatile oil obtained from fruit of crimean juniper (Juniperus excelsa) and leaves of Turkish plateau oregano (Origanum minutiflorum) and allelopathic effects on germination of Anatolian black pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana), Biological Diversity and Conservation 1 (2) (2008) 105–114.
• O. Aydın, N. Tursun, Determination of allelopathic effects of some plant originated essential oils on germination and emergence of some weed seeds, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Journal of Natural Sciences 13 (1) (2010) 11–17.
• M. Yılar, A. Onaran, Y. Yanar, S. Belgüzar, İ. Kadıoğlu, Herbicidal and antifungal potential of Trachystemon orientalis (L.) G. Don (Kaldırık), Iğdır University Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 4 (4) (2014) 19–27.
• N. Özbay, Allelopathic effects of some herbs and medicinal plants’ extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of pepper, Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences 5 (1) (2018) 81–85.
• M. Yılar, Y. Bayar, A. Onaran, Chemical composition and allelopathic effect of Origanum onites L. essential oil, Plant Protection Bulletin 59 (3) (2019) 71–78.
• R. Karaman, C. Türkay, İ. Akgün, Effects of oat grass juice on germination and seedling characteristics of certain weeds and cultivated plants, Journal of Tekirdağ Agricultural Faculty 18 (2) (2021) 312–321.
• H. Gawronska, A. Golisz, Allelopathy and Biotic Stresses, in: M. J. Reigosz, N. Pedrol, L. González (Eds.), Allelopathy: A Physiological Process with Ecological Implications, Springer, Dordrecht, 2006, Ch. 10, pp. 211–227.
• P. C. Bhowmik, Bioavailability of allelochemicals in soil environment under climate change: Challenges and perspectives, Indian Journal of Weed Science 54 (4) (2022) 389–396.
• S. S. Narwal, Allelopathy in crop production, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India, 1994.
• P. Oudhia, S. S. S. Kolhe, R. S. Tirpathi, Allelopathic effect of Blumea lacera L. on rice and common kharif weeds, Oryza 35 (1998) 175–177.
• Z. A. Cheema, M. Farooq, A. Khaliq, Application of allelopathy in crop production: Success story from Pakistan, in: Z. A. Cheema, M. Farooq, A. Wahid (Eds.), Allelopathy: Current Trends and Future Applications, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013, Ch. 6, pp. 113–143.
• T. Majkić, K. Bekvalac, I. Beara, Plantain (Plantago L.) species as modulators of prostaglandin E 2 and thromboxane A 2 production in inflammation, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 262 (2020) 113140 9 pages.
• A. B. Samuelsen, The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 71 (1-2) (2000) 1–21.
• M. Pol, K. Schmidtke, S. Lewandowska, Plantago lanceolata-An overview of its agronomically and healing valuable features, Open Agriculture 6 (1) (2021) 479–488.
• F. Pardo, F. Perich, R. Torres, F. Delle Monache, Phytotoxic iridoid glucosides from the roots of Verbascum thapsus, Journal of Chemical Ecology 24 (1998) 645–653.
• T. Wang, M. Gui, H. Liu, H. Zhao, L. Xu, M. Zha, J. Li, Secretion of catalpol from Rehmannia glutinosa roots to the rhizosphere, Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 32 (2010) 141–144.
• H. Önen, Studies on allelopatic effects of mugwort and alfalfa in Turkey: An overview, In Allelopathy Workshop: (Allelopathy in Turkey: Past, Present, Future), Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute, Yalova, 2006, pp. 3–21.