Enzymatic Synthesis of a Partially Bio-Based Schiff Base Polymer: Evaluation of Structural, Morphological, and Thermal Properties

Kevser Temizkan Ozdamar

doi:10.28979/jarnas.1990365

Enzymatic Synthesis of a Partially Bio-Based Schiff Base Polymer: Evaluation of Structural, Morphological, and Thermal Properties

Abstract

In this study, a novel vanillin-derived aromatic monomer was synthesized and enzymatically polymerized to obtain a functional polymer with enhanced structural and thermal characteristics. The monomer containing an azomethine linkage (V-DEPDA) was first prepared by condensing vanillin with N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine, isolated from its oxalate salt. Subsequently, the monomer was subjected to oxidative polymerization using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/H2O2 catalytic system, yielding a conjugated aromatic polymer, P(V-DEPDA). The structural features of the synthesized monomer and polymer were elucidated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. FT-IR and 1H NMR confirmed the successful formation of azomethine bonds and structural shifts post-polymerization, resulting from multi-fractional chain growth. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analysis verified macromolecular formation, yielding a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 3300 g/mol and a remarkably narrow polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.36. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examined the surface morphology. Thermal properties, weight loss percentages, and decomposition behavior were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. P(V-DEPDA) exhibited exceptional improvements in thermal stability, with the onset decomposition temperature (Ton) shifting from 208 °C (monomer) to 370 °C (polymer) and the char yield at 1000 °C increasing dramatically from 6.3% to 41.4%. These results demonstrate that this eco-friendly enzymatic route successfully yields highly robust, carbon-dense Schiff base polymers that are promising for high-temperature and sustainable applications. Overall, this study expands the scope of HRP-catalyzed polymerization by successfully converting a custom bio-based Schiff base monomer into a highly conjugated functional polymer framework.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

No approval from the Board of Ethics is required.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Polymerisation Mechanisms

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Kevser Temizkan Ozdamar ^*
0000-0001-7740-3252
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

July 8, 2026

Acceptance Date

September 21, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 12 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1990365

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA86FJ24XP

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Temizkan Ozdamar, K. (2026). Enzymatic Synthesis of a Partially Bio-Based Schiff Base Polymer: Evaluation of Structural, Morphological, and Thermal Properties. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, 12(3), 349-363. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1990365

AMA

1.Temizkan Ozdamar K. Enzymatic Synthesis of a Partially Bio-Based Schiff Base Polymer: Evaluation of Structural, Morphological, and Thermal Properties. JARNAS. 2026;12(3):349-363. doi:10.28979/jarnas.1990365

Chicago

Temizkan Ozdamar, Kevser. 2026. “Enzymatic Synthesis of a Partially Bio-Based Schiff Base Polymer: Evaluation of Structural, Morphological, and Thermal Properties”. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 12 (3): 349-63. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1990365.

EndNote

Temizkan Ozdamar K (September 1, 2026) Enzymatic Synthesis of a Partially Bio-Based Schiff Base Polymer: Evaluation of Structural, Morphological, and Thermal Properties. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 12 3 349–363.

IEEE

[1]K. Temizkan Ozdamar, “Enzymatic Synthesis of a Partially Bio-Based Schiff Base Polymer: Evaluation of Structural, Morphological, and Thermal Properties”, JARNAS, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 349–363, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.28979/jarnas.1990365.

ISNAD

Temizkan Ozdamar, Kevser. “Enzymatic Synthesis of a Partially Bio-Based Schiff Base Polymer: Evaluation of Structural, Morphological, and Thermal Properties”. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences 12/3 (September 1, 2026): 349-363. https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1990365.

JAMA

1.Temizkan Ozdamar K. Enzymatic Synthesis of a Partially Bio-Based Schiff Base Polymer: Evaluation of Structural, Morphological, and Thermal Properties. JARNAS. 2026;12:349–363.

MLA

Temizkan Ozdamar, Kevser. “Enzymatic Synthesis of a Partially Bio-Based Schiff Base Polymer: Evaluation of Structural, Morphological, and Thermal Properties”. Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 349-63, doi:10.28979/jarnas.1990365.

Vancouver

1.Kevser Temizkan Ozdamar. Enzymatic Synthesis of a Partially Bio-Based Schiff Base Polymer: Evaluation of Structural, Morphological, and Thermal Properties. JARNAS. 2026 Sep. 1;12(3):349-63. doi:10.28979/jarnas.1990365

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