Bacterial Roles in the Marine Ecosystem; A Sample Case of Turkish Marine Bacteria

Abstract

Abstract − In aquatic ecosystems, bacteria are known to play an important role in the degradation processes of organic substances and in nutritional regeneration. For this reason, it is important to define the functioning of the marine ecosystem to determine the difference of bacterial metabolic response depending on the variability of environmental conditions for the identification of bacterial functions. In this study, metabolic properties of Gram-negative, Gram-positive and Bacilli bacteria isolated and stocked from sea water samples, collected in aseptic conditions, between 2000 and 2016 were evaluated and heterotrophic activity differences were defined geographically, according to the reaction of bacteria against substrates. In addition, regional differences in metabolically active bacterial frequency were evaluated. VITEK2 Compact 30 micro identification system was used for metabolic identification of purified isolates. The data on the reactions of bacteria against substrates and the levels of bacterial metabolic activation were characterized by the way bacterial formations were exposed to environmental factors in the Turkish Seas. The high levels of isolates belonging to Bacilli, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Flavobacterium and Sphingobacterium classes producing enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism in coastal areas and also having lipolytic and proteolytic enzyme activity showed that the pressures created by terrestrial human activities in coastal areas can be defined depending on bacterial metabolism. With this study, the metabolic properties of bacteria isolated from Turkish Seas were compared with enzyme profiles and the bacterial characters of our marine areas were compared and data regarding ecosystem functions were provided according to geographical areas.

Keywords

• Turkish seas
• bacterial biodiversity

Deniz Ekosisteminde Bakteriyel Roller; Türkiye Denizleri Örneği

Abstract

Sucul ekosistemlerde bakterilerin organik maddelerin bozunma süreçlerinde ve besin yenilenmesinde önemli bir role sahip olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu sebeple bakteriyel fonksiyonların tanımlanması için çevresel koşulların değişkenliği-ne bağlı olarak bakteriyel metabolik cevabın farklılığını ortaya koymak deniz ekosisteminin bakteriyolojik verilerle tanımlanması açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada 2000-2016 yılları arasında Türkiye Denizlerinden farklı çalışmalar kapsamında aseptik koşullarda toplanan deniz suyu örneklerinden izole edilen ve stoklanan Gram nega-tif, Gram pozitif ve Bacilli bakteri izolatlarının metabolik özellikleri bakterilerin substratlara karşı verdikleri reaksi-yon açısından değerlendirilerek, coğrafik olarak heterotrofik aktivite farklılıkları tanımlanmıştır. Ayrıca metabolik olarak aktif bakteri frekansının bölgesel farklılıkları değerlendirilmiştir. Deniz suyu örneklerinde kültür edilebilir bakterilerin izolasyonu yayma plak metodu kullanılarak yapılmış, saflaştırılan izolatların metabolik tanımlamaları için VITEK2 Compact 30 mikro tanımlama sistemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bakterilerin substratlara karşı reaksi-yonları ve bakteriyel metabolik aktivasyon düzeylerine yönelik veriler Türkiye Denizlerinde bakteriyel oluşumların çevresel faktörlere maruz kalış şekline göre karakterize olmuştur. Kıyısal alanlarda karbonhidrat metabolizması ile ilgili enzimleri üreten ayrıca lipolitik ve proteolitik enzim aktivitesine sahip Bacilli, Gammaproteobacteria, Alphapro-teobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Flavobacteria ve Sphingobacteria sınıflarına ait izolatların yüksek düzeyde bulunması karasal kaynaklı insan aktivitesinin kıyısal alanlarda baskısının bakteri metabolizmasına bağlı olarak tanımlanabileceğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışma ile 2000-2016 yılları arasında farklı çalışmalarımızla Türkiye Denizlerinden izole edilen bakterilerin enzim profillerine bağlı metabolik özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması yapılarak deniz alanlarımızın bakteriyel karakterleri karşılaştırılmış ve coğrafik alanlara göre ekosistem fonksiyonlarına yönelik veriler sağlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Türkiye Denizleri
• bakteriyel çeşitlilik
• heterotrofik aktivite

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