The Effect of Straw Mulching on Some Traits Related to Photosynthesis and Yield in Bread Wheat

Abstract

The efficiency of the mulching materials could be significantly changed by the factors such as soil and climate conditions, the type, amount, application method and time of the mulching materials. In this study, the wheat straw was used as mulch material in 4 different amounts (0, 3, 6 and 9 t/ha) and at 3 different stages (soon after planting, at the beginning of stem elongation and booting stage). The experiment was carried out as factorial arrangement on the randomized complete block design with 4 replications during 2017-2018 crop season in Kahramanmaraş conditions. In the experiment, bread wheat cultivar of Adana 99 was used and the straw mulching effects on flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, plant canopy temperature, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductivity, grain yield, biomass and harvest index were tested. The effects of treatment on flag leaf area, plant canopy temperature, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductivity were insignificant. The effect of mulch application time on harvest index and chlorophyll content at anthesis, the effect of mulch amount on chlorophyll content at early dough stage were significant. The effects of mulch application time on grain yield and biomass were not significant, while the effects of mulch amount were significant but inconsistent. It was concluded that it is required to be carried on the long-term similar researches in order to reach reliable results and suggestions.

Keywords

• Wheat
• straw mulching
• photosynthetic traits
• biomass
• grain yield

Ekmeklik Buğdayda Saman Malçının Fotosentezle İlişkili Bazı Tarımsal Özelliklere ve Verime Etkisi

Abstract

İklim ve toprak özellikleri, malç tipi, miktarı, uygulama şekli ve zamanı gibi faktörlere bağlı olarak malç mater-yallerinin etkinliği önemli derecede değişebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada malç olarak buğday samanı kullanılmış ve 4 farklı miktarda (0, 300, 600 ve 900 kg/da), 3 farklı zamanda (ekimden hemen sonra, sapa kalkma başlangıcında, gebecik döneminde) uygulama yapılmıştır. Deneme, faktöriyel düzenleme yapılarak, tesadüf blokları deneme planına göre, 4 tekerrürlü olarak, 2017-2018 ürün yılında Kahramanmaraş koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Denemede, Adana 99 ekmeklik buğday çeşidi kullanılmış ve saman malçı uygulamasının bayrak yaprak alanı, klorofil içeriği, bitki örtüsü sıcaklığı, net fotosentez hızı, transpirasyon hızı, stoma iletkenliği, biyomas, hasat indeksi ve tane verimi üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Uygulamaların bayrak yaprak alanı, bitki örtüsü sıcaklığı, net fotosentez hızı, transpirasyon hızı ve stoma iletkenliği üzerindeki etkileri önemsiz olmuştur. Hasat indeksi ve çiçeklenme dönemindeki klorofil içeriği yönünden malç uygulama zamanının, erken sarı olumdaki klorofil içeriği yönünden malç miktarının etkisi önemli olmuştur. Tane verimi ve biyomas yönünden malç uygulama zamanının etkisi önemsiz, uygulama miktarının etkisi önemli ancak kararsız bir durum göstermiştir. Daha kararlı sonuçlara ve güvenilir önerilere ulaşabilmek için benzer nitelikte çalışmaların uzun dönemli olarak devam ettirilmesine ihtiyaç olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

• Buğday
• saman malçı
• fotosentez özellikleri
• biyomas
• tane verimi

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