Changes in Plant Nutrient Concentration of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Leaves after Different Rates of Humic Acid Application

Year 2024, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 33 - 44, 15.03.2024

Sertaç Uyanık Ali Sümer

https://doi.org/10.28979/jarnas.1324272

Abstract

This research was a one-year study to investigate how increasing rates of humic acid affect the nutrient elements [Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu)] of olive trees (Olea europaea) of 14 years old found in a private cultivation land located in Bozköy of Geyikli, Çanakkale (Latitude 35 S 431667, Longitude 4409876) in 2018. The humic acid used was a suspension of 15% humic and fulvic acid, which was a commercial product (Blackjak SC, pH 4-6). Different concentrations of humic acid [0 (control), 50, 100, 200, 400 mL tree-1] were applied directly to soil of 20-30 cm depth under canopy projection of trees after dissolving in 10 L of water in April. A randomized block design with four replicates and five doses was adopted on 20 trees. 200 leaf samples were taken in December from annual shoot tips as reciprocal leaf couples and nutrient element analyses were carried out. The macronutrient elements N and P significantly increased upon all humic acid applications. However, the changes in the elements K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn were insignificant in all applications. Humic acid at all concentrations decreased copper in leaves. As a result, addition to routine farmer fertilization, humic acid application at the rate of 50 ml tree-1 was determined to be the sufficient dose for olive trees. Moreover, this mentioned dose is considered to be the most economical dose besides being the most suitable one.

Keywords

Çanakkale-Geyikli, humic acid, leaf concentration, olive, plant nutrient elements

References

• N. Kaleci, M. A. Gündoğdu, E. Doğan, O. Nergis, Bazı yabancı kökenli zeytin çeşitlerinin olgunlaşma süresince pomolojik ve bazı biyokimyasal özelliklerindeki değişimlerin incelenmesi, Zeytin Bilimi 6 (2) (2016) 119-124.
• S. Lavee, Aims, methods, and advances in breeding of new olive (plea euroaea L.) cultivars, in: L. Rallo, J. M. Caballero, R. Fernández-Escobar (Eds.), ISHS Acta Horticulturae 286 International Symposium on Olive Growing, Cordoba, 1990, pp. 23–36.
• A. Ünsal, The Immortal Tree - Olives and Olive Oil in Türkiye (in Turkish), 7th Edition, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, İstanbul, 2008.
• G. Yıldırım, Nutritional status of olive plantations in Camarasi village in Aydin-Karacasu, Master’s Thesis Ege University (2019) İzmir.
• E. C. Moreno, W.L. Lindsay, G. Osborn, Reactions of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate in soils, Soil Science 90 (1) (1960) 58–68.
• M. Kaya, M. Atak, C. Y. Çiftçi, S. Ünver, Effects of Zinc and Humic Acid Applications on Yield and Some Yield Components of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 9 (3) (2005) 8 pages.
• A. Turhan, B. B. Aşık, H. Kuşçu, The influence of irrigation water salinity and humic acid on nutrient contents of onion (Allium cepa L.), Journal of Agricultural Sciences 26 (2) (2020) 147–153.
• N. Eryüce, Ayvalık bölgesi yağlık zeytin çeşidi yapraklarında bazı besin elementlerinde bir vegetasyon periyodu içindeki değişimler, Ege Journal of Agricultural Research 17 (2) (1980) 209–221.
• N. M. Müftüoğlu, C. Türkmen, Y. Çıkılı, Toprak ve bitkide verimlilik analizleri (in Turkish), 2nd Edition, Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 2014.
• M. Mendeş, Uygulamalı bilimler için istatistik ve araştırma yöntemleri, Kriter Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2012.
• I. Atalay, Red Mediterranean soils in some karstic regions of Taurus mountains Turkey, Catena 28 (3-4) (1997) 247–260.
• R. Gucci, E. Lodolini, H.F. Rapoport, Productivity of olive trees with different water status and crop load, Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology 82 (4) (2007) 648–656.
• E. V. Maas, Salt tolerance of plants, in: B. R. Christie (Ed.), CRC Handbook of Plant Science in Agriculture, Vol. 2 of CRC Series in Agriculture, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2019, pp. 57-76.
• A. N. Ülgen, N. Yurtsever, Türkiye gübre ve gübreleme rehberi, Tarım Orman ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı Toprak ve Gübre Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 1995.
• H. W. Smith, M. D. Weldon, A comparison of some methods for the determination of soil organic matter, Soil Science Society American Proceeding 5 (C) (1941) 177–182.
• M. Sillanpää, Micronutrient assessment at the country level: An international study, FAO, Rome, 1990.
• W. L. Lindsay, W. L. Norvell, Development of a DTPA soil test zinc, iron, manganese and copper, Soil Science Society of America Journal 42 (30) (1978) 421–428.
• W. L. Lindsay, W. A. Norvell, Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper, Soil Science Society of America Journal 42 (3) (1978) 421-428.
• S. Sözüdoğru, A. C Kütük, R. Yalçın, S. Usta, Humik asidin fasulye bitkisinin gelişimi ve besin maddeleri alımı üzerine etkisi, Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bilimsel Araştırma ve İncelemeler (1996) 1–25.
• D. Reuter, J. B. Robinson, Plant analysis: An interpretation manual, CSIRO publishing, Melbourne, 1997
• M. A. Ali, Establishment of nutrient sufficiency ranges in olive using boundary-line approach, Journal of Plant Nutrition 46 (3) (2023) 453–461.
• N. S. Mordoğan, Ş. Ceylan, Effect of organic fertilization on yield and micro element content of olive trees growing in sandy soil texture, Ege Journal of Agricultural Research, 54 (4) (2017) 413–419.
• X. J. Wang, Z. Q. Wang, S. G. Li, The effect of humic acids on the availability of phosphorus fertilisers in alkaline soils, Soil Use and Management 11 (2) (1995) 99–102.
• Ş. E. Adak, The effect of vermicompost on growrth and nutrient element content of tomatoes and peppers, Master’s Thesis Namık Kemal University (2016) Tekirdağ.
• N. Özbek, Meyve ağaçlarının gübrelenmesi, Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Yayınları, Ankara, 1981.
• N. M. Müftüoğlu, H. C. Alak, Effect of Humic Acid Applications on Available Potassium, COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty 2 (2) (2014) 61–66.
• M. A. Turan, B. B. Aşık, H. Çelik, A. V. Katkat, Effect of foliar applied humic acid on growth and some nutrient elements uptake of maize plant under salinity conditions, Sakarya University Journal of Science 14 (1) (2012) 529–539.
• H. Çelik, B. B. Aşık, M. A Turan, A. V. Katkat, Effects of foliar applied humic acid on growth and some nutrient uptake of maize under saline and calcareous soil conditions, Sakarya University Journal of Science 14 (1) (2012) 549–561.
• G. Doran, Y.K. Koca, B Pekkolay, M. Mungan, The nutrient status of the olive trees grown in Derik province, Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 21 (1) (2008) 131–138.
• H. Demir, A. Topuz, M. Gölcüklü, E. Polat, F. Özdemir, H. Şahin, The effect of different organic fertilizers on the mineral contents of tomato grown in organic farming, Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences 16 (1) (2003) 19–25.
• S. Soyergin, Studies on nutrient contents and seasonal element fluctuations of the olive variety gemlik in Bursa area, Doctoral Dissertation Uludağ University (1993) Bursa.
• S. Seferoğlu, Relationship between fertility status and some of quality aspects of “Ayvalık” c.v. oli̇ve orchards grown in Ayvalık and Edremi̇t regions, Doctoral Dissertation Ege University (1997) İzmir.
• G. Haspolat, Effects of foliar applications of the fertilizers chelated with KNO3, ZnSO4, and MgSO4 biologically and plastic mulching on vegetative growth and fruit yield in gemlik olive variety, Master’s Thesis Çukurova University (2006) Adana.
• E. I. Demirtaş, F. Öktüren, A. N. Arı, Örtüaltı domates yetiştiriciliğinde kentsel katı atık kompostu kullanımının bakiye etkilerinin belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 8 (2) (2013) 23-35.
• G. Püskülcü, Memecik zeytin çeşidinde makro ve mikro besin elementlerinin mevsimsel değişimlerinin incelenmesi, Master’s Thesis Ege University (1981) İzmir.
• S. Soyergin, I. Moltay, C. Genç, A. E. Fidan, A. R. Sutçu, Nutrient status of olives grown in the marmara region. IV International Symposium on Olive Growing, ISHS Acta Horticulturae 586 (2012) 375-379.
• E. I. Demirtaş, F. Asri, C. F. Özkan, N. Arı, Effects of organic and chemical fertilizer on plant nutritional status and soil fertility of tomatoes grown under greenhouse condition, Batı Akdeniz Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Derim Dergisi 29 (1) (2012) 9–22.
• G. Şahin, The effects of different doses of fertilizers in organic olive growing on soil paramaters, contents of plant nutrients and oil quality, Master’s Thesis Adnan Menderes University (2013) Aydın.
• F. Tokay, S. B. Yaşar, Topraktaki hümik asit miktarına bağlı olarak zeytin toprağı, zeytin yaprağı ve zeytinin meyvesinde çinko miktarının değişimi, in: M. Demir (Ed.), I. Ulusal Zeytin Öğrenci Kongresi, Edremit-Balıkesir, 2008, pp. 219–223.