Research Article

Distance Between Turkish Pigeon Breeds in terms of Behavioral, Morphological, and Some Genetic Characteristics

Volume: 9 Number: 1 June 30, 2026
TR EN

Distance Between Turkish Pigeon Breeds in terms of Behavioral, Morphological, and Some Genetic Characteristics

Abstract

In terms of pigeon diversity, Anatolia is culturally and biologically rich. This study aimed to classify twenty-two local Turkish pigeon breeds based on their phenotypic and genetic characteristics using multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). A total of seventy-six qualitative and quantitative traits were coded in binary form (presence/absence) to reveal inter-breed relationships. The first three MCA dimensions explained 40.92% of the total variation and effectively reflected similarities among breeds. According to the MCA results, short-beaked breeds formed a distinct cluster, while diving–spinning breeds grouped separately. The Takla breed, on the other hand, appeared clearly distinct from all others, consistent with its unique flight performance and widespread distribution. HCA using Ward’s method and Euclidean distance produced four clusters; however, evaluation criteria indicated limited clustering accuracy, suggesting that binary data were insufficient for robust hierarchical grouping. Overall, MCA provided a more reliable representation of phenotypic and genetic similarities than HCA. In particular, the grouping of short-beaked pigeon breeds and diver-spinner breeds, based on the results of Euclidean distance calculation using three-dimensional coordinates from the MCA, shows that Turkish pigeon breeds tend to group themselves according to their functional characteristics, while the shared geographical origin should also not be disregarded. This study contributes to the understanding of behavioural, morphological, and genetic relationships among native pigeon breeds in Turkey and offers a methodological framework for their characterization and conservation of these cultural assets.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Animal Reproduction and Breeding, Animal Science, Genetics and Biostatistics

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 30, 2026

Submission Date

January 11, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 17, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

APA
Savaş, T., & Erdem, H. (2026). Distance Between Turkish Pigeon Breeds in terms of Behavioral, Morphological, and Some Genetic Characteristics. Hayvan Bilimi Ve Ürünleri Dergisi, 9(1), 53-68. https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1861244
AMA
1.Savaş T, Erdem H. Distance Between Turkish Pigeon Breeds in terms of Behavioral, Morphological, and Some Genetic Characteristics. JASP. 2026;9(1):53-68. doi:10.51970/jasp.1861244
Chicago
Savaş, Türker, and Hakan Erdem. 2026. “Distance Between Turkish Pigeon Breeds in Terms of Behavioral, Morphological, and Some Genetic Characteristics”. Hayvan Bilimi Ve Ürünleri Dergisi 9 (1): 53-68. https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1861244.
EndNote
Savaş T, Erdem H (June 1, 2026) Distance Between Turkish Pigeon Breeds in terms of Behavioral, Morphological, and Some Genetic Characteristics. Hayvan Bilimi ve Ürünleri Dergisi 9 1 53–68.
IEEE
[1]T. Savaş and H. Erdem, “Distance Between Turkish Pigeon Breeds in terms of Behavioral, Morphological, and Some Genetic Characteristics”, JASP, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 53–68, June 2026, doi: 10.51970/jasp.1861244.
ISNAD
Savaş, Türker - Erdem, Hakan. “Distance Between Turkish Pigeon Breeds in Terms of Behavioral, Morphological, and Some Genetic Characteristics”. Hayvan Bilimi ve Ürünleri Dergisi 9/1 (June 1, 2026): 53-68. https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1861244.
JAMA
1.Savaş T, Erdem H. Distance Between Turkish Pigeon Breeds in terms of Behavioral, Morphological, and Some Genetic Characteristics. JASP. 2026;9:53–68.
MLA
Savaş, Türker, and Hakan Erdem. “Distance Between Turkish Pigeon Breeds in Terms of Behavioral, Morphological, and Some Genetic Characteristics”. Hayvan Bilimi Ve Ürünleri Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 53-68, doi:10.51970/jasp.1861244.
Vancouver
1.Türker Savaş, Hakan Erdem. Distance Between Turkish Pigeon Breeds in terms of Behavioral, Morphological, and Some Genetic Characteristics. JASP. 2026 Jun. 1;9(1):53-68. doi:10.51970/jasp.1861244


 

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