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Aydın İlinde Bir İşletmede Birlikte Yetiştirilen Siyah-Alaca ve Kırmızı-Alaca İneklerin Tip Özellikleri

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 11, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1414198

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Aydın ilinde özel bir işletmede birlikte yetiştirilen Siyah-Alaca (SA) ve Kırmızı-Alaca (KA) ırkı süt sığırlarının dış görünüş özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada farklı laktasyon sırasında olan 102 baş SA ve 19 baş KA, toplamda da 121 baş inek kullanılmıştır. Tip özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi, 9 puanlık sisteme (Doğrusal Tip Özellikleri, DTÖ) ve 100 puanlık sisteme göre yapılmıştır. DTÖ olarak Vücut yapısı için Sağrı Yüksekliği (SY), Göğüs Genişliği (GG), Beden Derinliği (BD), Sağrı Eğimi (SE), Sağrı Genişliği (SG) ve Vücut Kondisyon Puanı (VKP); Ayak ve Bacak özellikleri için Arka Bacak Açısı (ABA), Arka Bacak Duruşu (ABD), Arka Diz Yapısı (ADY) ve Tırnak Taban Yüksekliği (TTY); Meme özellikleri için ise Ön Meme Bağlantı Açısı (ÖMBA), Arka Meme Yüksekliği (AMY), Arka Meme Genişliği (AMG), Meme Merkez Bağı (MMB), Meme Taban Yüksekliği (MTY), Arka Meme Başı Yerleşimi (AMBY), Ön Meme Başı Uzunluğu (ÖMBU) ve Meme Ariliği (MA) puanlanmıştır. Doğrusal olmayan 100 puanlık sisteme göre ise Süt Tipi (ST, %15), Beden (%20), Ayak ve Bacak (AB, %25) ve Meme (%40) özellikleri puanlanmıştır. Varyans analizi sonucuna göre, vücut yapı özelliklerinde ırk ve laktasyon sıraları arasında önemli bir farklılık bulunmazken, Ayak ve Bacak özelliklerinde sadece genel ortalaması 5.64±0.91 olan ABA özelliği için birinci ve ikinci laktasyon sıraları arasında önemli farklılık (P<0.05) elde edilmiştir. Meme yapısı bakımından ise laktasyon sırası etkisi ÖMBA (P<0.01), AMG (P<0.05) ve MTY (P<0.01) özellikleri için önemli bulunmuş ve bu özelliklerin genel ortalaması sırasıyla 5.01±1.02, 5.35±0.97 ve 7.52±1.82 dir. Laktasyon sırası etkisi 100'lük puanlama sisteminde sadece genel ortalaması 83.51±1.10 olan meme özelliği için önemli (P<0.05) bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak ırkların tip özellikleri arasında önemli bir farklılık olmamasına karşın, meme özelliklerinin çoğunda laktasyon sıraları arasında önemli farklılıklar elde edilmiştir.

Ethical Statement

This Article is a part of an ongoing PhD Thesis, as it can be seen on the Ethical Committee Approval file indexed on the current submission

Thanks

Authors thank Dr. Onur Şahin for the training of type traits recording in Dairy cows

References

  • Baycan, S. C., 2022. Türkiye'de Organik Süt Sığırı İşletmeleri İçin Seleksiyon İndeksi Geliştirilmesi. Doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 230p.
  • Berry, D. P., Buckley, F., Dillon, P., Evans, R. D. Veerkamp, R.F., 2004. Genetic relationships among linear type traits, milk yield, bodyweight, fertility and somatic cell count in primiparous dairy cows. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 43(2):161-176.
  • Boettcher, P. J., Jairath, L. K., Koots, K. R., Dekkers, J. C. M., 1997. Effects of interactions between type and milk production on survival traits of Canadian Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Science 80: 2984- 2995.
  • Çerçi, S., Koç, A., 2006. Aydin İlinde Bazı İşletmelerde Yetiştirilen Siyah-Alaca Süt Sığırlarının Dış Görünüşlerine Göre Sınıflandırılması. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 3(2), 61-68.
  • Duru, S., 2005. Siyah Alaca Sığırlarda Dış Görünüş Özelliklerine Ait Parametre Ve Damızlık Değer Tahmini. Doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 134p.
  • Fatehi, J., Stella, A., Shannon, J. J., Boettcher, P. J., 2003. Genetic parameters for feet and leg traits evaluated in different environments. Journal of Dairy Science 86: 661-666
  • Funk, D. C., Hansen, L. B., 1991. Inheritance of cow durability for linear type traits. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 1753-1759.
  • Gengler, N., Wiggans, G. R., Wright, J. R., Norman, H. D., Wolfe, C. W., 1997. Estimation of (co)variance components for Jersey type traits using a repeatability model. Journal of Dairy Science 80: 1801-1806
  • Güler, O., Diler, A, Yanar, M., Aydın, R., Koçyiğit, R., 2020. Appraisal of linear type traits in Simmental cows reared on high altitude of Eastern Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 26: 331-338
  • Harris, R. A ., 2015. Phenotypic Correlations Between Linear Type Conformation Traits, Production and Fertility in a Once-a-day Milk Dairy Cattle Herd. M.V.Sc. Thesis. Massey University (Unpublished), Palmerston Norton, New Zealand.
  • ICAR, 2018. Conformation Recording (Section 05). International Committee for Animal Recording Guidelines. https://www.icar.org/Guidelines/05-Conformation-Recording.pdf
  • Juozaitiene, V., Juozaitis, A., Micikeviciene, R., 2006. Relationship between somatic cell count and milk production or morphological traits of udder in Black-and-White cows. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 30(1): 47-51
  • Klassen, D. J., Monardes, H. G., Jairath, L., Cue, L. I., Hayes, J. F., 1992. Genetic correlations between lifetime production and linearized type in Canadian Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Science 75: 2272-2282
  • Kumlu, S., 2000. Damızlık ve Kasaplık Sığır Yetiştirme. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü, Setma Matbaacılık, Ankara, 166 s.
  • Künzi, N., 1994. Exterieur. (Ed. H. Kräußlich, Tierzüchtungslehre). Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart: 147-153
  • Lucas, J. L., Pearson, R. E., Vinson, W. E., Johnson, L. P., 1984. Experimental linear descriptive type classification. Journal of Dairy Science 67: p. 1767.
  • Meyer, K., Brotherstone, S., Hill, W. G., Edwards, M. R., 1987. Inheritance of linear type traits in dairy cattle and correlations with milk production. Animal Production 44: 1-10
  • Pérez-Cabal, M. A., Alenda, R., 2002. Genetic Relationships between Lifetime Profit and Type Traits in Spanish Holstein Cows. Journal of Dairy Science 85: 3480-3491
  • Pryce, J. E., Veerkamp, R. F., Thompson, R., Hill, W. G., Simm, G., 1998. Genetic aspects of common health disorders and measures of fertility in Holstein Friesian Dairy cattle. Animal Science 65: 353-360. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800008559
  • Rogers, G. W., Banos, G., Sander-Nielsen, U., Philipsson, J., 1998. Genetic correlations among somatic cell scores, productive life and type traits from the United States and udder health measures from Denmark and Sweden. Journal of Dairy Science 81: 1445-1453.
  • Rogers, G. W., Hargrove, G. L., Lawlor, T. L., Ebersole, J. L., 1991.Correlations among linear type traitsa and somatic cell count. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 4189-4194.
  • Royal, M. D., Pryce, J. E., Woolliams, J. A., Flint, A. P. F., 2002. The genetic relationship between commencement of luteal activity and calving interval, dody condition score, production, and linear type traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 85: 3071-3080
  • Şahin, O., 2011. Süt Sığırlarında Tip Sınıflandırması ve Vücut Kondisyonu Değerlendirme. Türkiye Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Merkez Birliği Yayınları, (5).
  • SAS Institute Inc., 2010. SAS/STAT User’s Guide: ver. 9.22. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  • Schneider, M. P., Dürr, J. W., Cue, R. I., Monardes, H. G., 2003. Impact of type traits on functional herd life of Quebec Holsteins assessed by survival analysis. Journal of Dairy Science 86(12): 4083-4089
  • Van Dorp, T. E., Dekkers, J. C. M., Martin, S. W., Noordhuizen, J. P. T. M., 1998. Genetic parameters of health disorders, and relationships with 305-day milk yield and conformation traits of registered-Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 81: 2264-2270
  • Veerkamp, R. F., Brotherstone, S., 1997. Genetic correlation between linear type traits, food intake, live weight and condition score in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Science 64: 385-392.
  • Vinson, W. E., Pearson, R. E., Johnson, L. P., 1982. Relationships between linear descriptive type traits and body measurements. Journal of Dairy Science 65:p.995.
  • Visscher, P. M., Goddard, M. E., 1995. Genetic parameters for milk yield, survival, workability, and type traits for Australian dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 78: 205-220
  • Wesseldijk, B., 2004. Secondary traits make up 26% of breeding goal. Holstein International, 11(6):8–11.
  • Williams, M., Sleator, R. D., Murphy, C. P., McCarthy, J., Berry, D. P., 2003. The Relative Importance of Linear Type Traits in Determining Survival Increases as Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows Age. Proceedings of 12th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production (WCGALP), 2847-2850 p. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_690
  • Zavadilová, L., Štípková, M., 2012. Genetic correlations between longevity and conformation traits in the Czech Holstein population. Czech Journal of Animal Science 57:125-136.

Type Traits of Holstein-Friesian and Red-Holstein Cows Raised Together in a Private Farm in Aydın Province

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 1 - 11, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1414198

Abstract

This study was aimed at comparing the conformation traits of two different cattle breeds such as Holstein-Friesian (HF) and Red-Holstein (RH) cows raised together in a farm in Aydın, Türkiye. In this study, 102 HF and 19 RH cows in different lactations numbers (LN) forming a total of 121 cows were used. The type traits were determined using Linear Type Traits (LTT) based on 9 points scoring system and non-linear 100 points method. The LTT were composed of body traits such as Stature (St), Chest Width (CW), Body Depth (BD), Rump Angle (RA), Rump Width (RW) and Body Condition Score (BCS); foot and legs traits: Rear Legs Set Angle (RLA), Rear Legs Rear View (RLV), Real Legs Knee Structure (RLS) and Foot Angle (FA); udder traits: Fore Udder Attachment (FUA), Rear Udder Height (RUH), Rear Udder Width (RUW), Central Ligament (CL), Udder Depth (UD), Rear Teat Placement (RTP), Fore Teat Length (FTL) and Mammary Acuity (MA); and according to the non-linear 100 points method: Dairy Strength (DS, 15%), Frame (20%), Foot and Legs (FL, 25%) and Udder (40%). The results of variance analysis showed that no differences between breeds and LN were found in body composite traits while, for Foot and Legs traits, only the RLA was found significant (P<0.05) between first and second lactations and the overall mean score was 5.64±0.91. As for udder traits, the FUA (P<0.01), RUW (P<0.05) and UD (P<0.01) for LN were found significant and averages were 5.01±1.02, 5.35±0.97, 7.52±1.82, respectively. For 100 scoring method, only udder traits were found significant (P<0.05) for LN and the mean was 83.51±1.10. As result, even though there wasn’t any important difference between the type traits of breeds, significant differences were obtained between LN in most udder traits.

References

  • Baycan, S. C., 2022. Türkiye'de Organik Süt Sığırı İşletmeleri İçin Seleksiyon İndeksi Geliştirilmesi. Doktora tezi. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 230p.
  • Berry, D. P., Buckley, F., Dillon, P., Evans, R. D. Veerkamp, R.F., 2004. Genetic relationships among linear type traits, milk yield, bodyweight, fertility and somatic cell count in primiparous dairy cows. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research 43(2):161-176.
  • Boettcher, P. J., Jairath, L. K., Koots, K. R., Dekkers, J. C. M., 1997. Effects of interactions between type and milk production on survival traits of Canadian Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Science 80: 2984- 2995.
  • Çerçi, S., Koç, A., 2006. Aydin İlinde Bazı İşletmelerde Yetiştirilen Siyah-Alaca Süt Sığırlarının Dış Görünüşlerine Göre Sınıflandırılması. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 3(2), 61-68.
  • Duru, S., 2005. Siyah Alaca Sığırlarda Dış Görünüş Özelliklerine Ait Parametre Ve Damızlık Değer Tahmini. Doktora tezi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 134p.
  • Fatehi, J., Stella, A., Shannon, J. J., Boettcher, P. J., 2003. Genetic parameters for feet and leg traits evaluated in different environments. Journal of Dairy Science 86: 661-666
  • Funk, D. C., Hansen, L. B., 1991. Inheritance of cow durability for linear type traits. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 1753-1759.
  • Gengler, N., Wiggans, G. R., Wright, J. R., Norman, H. D., Wolfe, C. W., 1997. Estimation of (co)variance components for Jersey type traits using a repeatability model. Journal of Dairy Science 80: 1801-1806
  • Güler, O., Diler, A, Yanar, M., Aydın, R., Koçyiğit, R., 2020. Appraisal of linear type traits in Simmental cows reared on high altitude of Eastern Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Sciences 26: 331-338
  • Harris, R. A ., 2015. Phenotypic Correlations Between Linear Type Conformation Traits, Production and Fertility in a Once-a-day Milk Dairy Cattle Herd. M.V.Sc. Thesis. Massey University (Unpublished), Palmerston Norton, New Zealand.
  • ICAR, 2018. Conformation Recording (Section 05). International Committee for Animal Recording Guidelines. https://www.icar.org/Guidelines/05-Conformation-Recording.pdf
  • Juozaitiene, V., Juozaitis, A., Micikeviciene, R., 2006. Relationship between somatic cell count and milk production or morphological traits of udder in Black-and-White cows. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 30(1): 47-51
  • Klassen, D. J., Monardes, H. G., Jairath, L., Cue, L. I., Hayes, J. F., 1992. Genetic correlations between lifetime production and linearized type in Canadian Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Science 75: 2272-2282
  • Kumlu, S., 2000. Damızlık ve Kasaplık Sığır Yetiştirme. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü, Setma Matbaacılık, Ankara, 166 s.
  • Künzi, N., 1994. Exterieur. (Ed. H. Kräußlich, Tierzüchtungslehre). Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart: 147-153
  • Lucas, J. L., Pearson, R. E., Vinson, W. E., Johnson, L. P., 1984. Experimental linear descriptive type classification. Journal of Dairy Science 67: p. 1767.
  • Meyer, K., Brotherstone, S., Hill, W. G., Edwards, M. R., 1987. Inheritance of linear type traits in dairy cattle and correlations with milk production. Animal Production 44: 1-10
  • Pérez-Cabal, M. A., Alenda, R., 2002. Genetic Relationships between Lifetime Profit and Type Traits in Spanish Holstein Cows. Journal of Dairy Science 85: 3480-3491
  • Pryce, J. E., Veerkamp, R. F., Thompson, R., Hill, W. G., Simm, G., 1998. Genetic aspects of common health disorders and measures of fertility in Holstein Friesian Dairy cattle. Animal Science 65: 353-360. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1357729800008559
  • Rogers, G. W., Banos, G., Sander-Nielsen, U., Philipsson, J., 1998. Genetic correlations among somatic cell scores, productive life and type traits from the United States and udder health measures from Denmark and Sweden. Journal of Dairy Science 81: 1445-1453.
  • Rogers, G. W., Hargrove, G. L., Lawlor, T. L., Ebersole, J. L., 1991.Correlations among linear type traitsa and somatic cell count. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 4189-4194.
  • Royal, M. D., Pryce, J. E., Woolliams, J. A., Flint, A. P. F., 2002. The genetic relationship between commencement of luteal activity and calving interval, dody condition score, production, and linear type traits in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 85: 3071-3080
  • Şahin, O., 2011. Süt Sığırlarında Tip Sınıflandırması ve Vücut Kondisyonu Değerlendirme. Türkiye Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Merkez Birliği Yayınları, (5).
  • SAS Institute Inc., 2010. SAS/STAT User’s Guide: ver. 9.22. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
  • Schneider, M. P., Dürr, J. W., Cue, R. I., Monardes, H. G., 2003. Impact of type traits on functional herd life of Quebec Holsteins assessed by survival analysis. Journal of Dairy Science 86(12): 4083-4089
  • Van Dorp, T. E., Dekkers, J. C. M., Martin, S. W., Noordhuizen, J. P. T. M., 1998. Genetic parameters of health disorders, and relationships with 305-day milk yield and conformation traits of registered-Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 81: 2264-2270
  • Veerkamp, R. F., Brotherstone, S., 1997. Genetic correlation between linear type traits, food intake, live weight and condition score in Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. Animal Science 64: 385-392.
  • Vinson, W. E., Pearson, R. E., Johnson, L. P., 1982. Relationships between linear descriptive type traits and body measurements. Journal of Dairy Science 65:p.995.
  • Visscher, P. M., Goddard, M. E., 1995. Genetic parameters for milk yield, survival, workability, and type traits for Australian dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 78: 205-220
  • Wesseldijk, B., 2004. Secondary traits make up 26% of breeding goal. Holstein International, 11(6):8–11.
  • Williams, M., Sleator, R. D., Murphy, C. P., McCarthy, J., Berry, D. P., 2003. The Relative Importance of Linear Type Traits in Determining Survival Increases as Holstein-Friesian Dairy Cows Age. Proceedings of 12th World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production (WCGALP), 2847-2850 p. https://doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_690
  • Zavadilová, L., Štípková, M., 2012. Genetic correlations between longevity and conformation traits in the Czech Holstein population. Czech Journal of Animal Science 57:125-136.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Zootechny (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Atakan Koç 0000-0001-5324-4154

Frederic Ndihokubwayo 0000-0003-4491-4464

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date January 3, 2024
Acceptance Date February 9, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Koç, A., & Ndihokubwayo, F. (2024). Type Traits of Holstein-Friesian and Red-Holstein Cows Raised Together in a Private Farm in Aydın Province. Hayvan Bilimi Ve Ürünleri Dergisi, 7(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.51970/jasp.1414198


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