Uzay Ortamında Bitkilerde Yaşam: Ebedi Karanlıkta Minik Yeşillikler İçin Zorlu Bir Görev

Abstract

Uzayla ilgili çalışmaların artması ile beraber, uzun süreli uzay uçuşları için hem güvenilir hem de sürdürülebilir biyoloji temelli yaşam destek sistemleri önemli bir araştırma alanı haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmaların en önemli odak noktası ise bitkiler olmuştur. Uzayda bitki yetiştirme yeteneği, astronotlara gerekli besinleri sağlamanın yanı sıra, psikolojik sağlıklarını iyileştirmeye de yardım eder. Uzay ortamının simülasyonu, detaylı gen analizleri ve detaylı büyüme analizleri, uzay ortamının bitkiler üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymaktadır. Denizdeki ilk fotosentetik organizmalardan günümüzün karasal yüksek bitkilerine kadar, adaptasyon ve evrimin gücüyle bitkiler, Dünya'da milyonlarca yıl hayatta kalmışlardır. Bu nedenle Dünya ile karşılaştırıldığında, uzay ortamında bitkiler azalan yerçekimine, artan radyasyon oranına, kayıp ışık kaynağına farklı tepkiler verecek ve stres gen regülasyonunu değiştirecektir. Bitkilerin uzay ortamına adaptasyonunu konu alan bu derlemede, bitkilerin uzay ortamında yapılarında değişikliklere neden olan stresli koşullarla karşılaştıklarında nasıl tepki verdikleri ve sonuçları çeşitli deneylerle tartışılmıştır. Farklı bitki türleri kullanılarak yapılan çeşitli deneyler sonucunda bu minik yeşillikler uzay ortamındaki zorlu koşullarla karşı karşıya kalsalar da tüm bu zorlu ortamlara karşı bir direnç mekanizması göstermişlerdir.

Keywords

• Uzay Uçuşu
• Astrobotanik
• Mikro Yerçekimi
• Radyasyon
• Işık.

Life of Plants in Space: A Challenging Mission For Tiny Greens In An Everlasting Darkness

Abstract

With the increased number of space-related studies, it has become a significant study field in both dependable and long-term biology-based life support systems for long-term space flights. Plants have been the major focus of this research. The capability of cultivate plants in space can help to provide astronauts with essential nutrients as well as improve their psychological health. Simulating the space environment, detailed gene analysis, and detailed growth analyzes reveal the effects of the space environment on plants. From the first photosynthetic organisms in the sea to today's terrestrial higher plants, they have survived millions of years on the Earth with the power of adaptations and evolution. Therefore, compared to the Earth, in the space environment, plants will react differently to decreased gravity, increased radiation rate, lost light source, and they will have altered stress gene regulation. In this review, which is about the adaptation of plants to the space environment, how plants react when they encounter stressful conditions that cause changes in their structures in the space environment and the results are discussed with various experiments. As a result, with using different plant species, it looks like even though these tiny greens faced with the hard condition in space environment they have shown a resistance mechanism to all these tough environments.

Keywords

• Spaceflight
• Astrobotany
• Microgravity
• Radiation
• Light

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