Havaalanlarında yenilenebilir enerji entegrasyonuna ilişkin stratejik PESTEL temelli bir analiz

Abstract

İklim krizinin büyük bir sorun olarak değerlendirildiği ve net sıfır taahhütlerinin bağlayıcı hale geldiği bir dönemde, havaalanlarında yenilenebilir enerji kullanımı, işletmelerin sürdürülebilir rekabet gücü ve operasyonel dayanıklılığı için kilit bir faktör haline gelmiştir. Mevcut literatür öncelikle yenilenebilir enerjinin teknik ve finansal fizibilitesine odaklanırken havacılık altyapısına entegrasyonunu değerlendiren bütünsel stratejik çalışmalarda önemli bir boşluk bulunmaktadır. Bu boşluğu gidermek için, bu çalışma, "2050 yılına kadar net sıfır" hedefleriyle uyumlu olarak, havaalanlarında yenilenebilir enerji entegrasyonunun çok boyutlu stratejik bir değerlendirmesini sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Metodolojik olarak, bu çalışma nitel bir kavramsal inceleme yaklaşımı benimsemektedir. 2015 ile 2025 yılları arasında yayınlanan akademik literatür ve uluslararası havacılık otoritelerinin (örneğin, ICAO, ACI) kurumsal raporları sistematik olarak incelenmiş ve analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, dış çevresel belirleyicileri sistematik olarak inceleyen bir PESTEL analizi çerçevesi altında değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, Paris Anlaşması ve bölgesel düzenlemelerin yatırımları hızlandırdığını, ancak azalan teknoloji maliyetlerine rağmen yüksek başlangıç yatırımı ve tedarik zinciri risklerinin, havaalanlarında yenilenebilir enerji kullanımına ekonomik engeller oluşturduğunu göstermektedir. Parlama riski, radar ve iletişim etkileri gibi havacılığa özgü güvenlik faktörleri ve düzenleyici kısıtlamalar, özellikle fotovoltaik uygulamalarda belirgindir. Akıllı şebeke ve enerji depolama çözümleri, kesintisiz enerji tedarikini güçlendirerek operasyonel dayanıklılığı, sosyal kabulü ve çevresel faydaları artırır. Bu çalışma, tartışmayı yalnızca teknoloji benimseme boyutundan kapsamlı bir stratejik yönetim modeline kaydırarak ve havaalanı şirketlerine çok boyutlu risk ve fırsat yönetimi için PESTEL tabanlı bir çerçeve sunarak havacılık yönetimi literatürüne katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Keywords

• Havalimanı Sürdürülebilirliği
• Yenilenebilir enerji entegrasyonu
• Yeşil Havacılık
• Havalimanı enerji yönetimi
• Stratejik PESTEL Analizi

Ethical Statement

Yazar(lar) tarafından çalışmada kullanılan araç ve yöntemlerin Etik Kurul izni gerektirmediği beyan edilmiştir. Bu makale, araştırma ve yayın etiği standartlarına uygundur.

A strategic PESTEL-based analysis of renewable energy integration in airports

Abstract

In an era where the climate crisis is a major issue and net-zero commitments have become binding, the use of renewable energy in airports has become a key factor for the sustainable competitiveness and operational resilience of businesses. While the existing literature primarily focuses on the technical and financial feasibility of renewable energy, there is a significant gap in holistic strategic studies evaluating its integration into aviation infrastructure. To address this gap, this study aims to provide a multi-dimensional strategic assessment of renewable energy integration in airports, aligned with the "net-zero by 2050" targets. Methodologically, this study adopts a qualitative conceptual review approach. Academic literature published between 2015 and 2025, along with institutional reports from international aviation authorities (e.g., ICAO, ACI), was systematically reviewed and analyzed. The findings are evaluated under a PESTEL analysis framework that systematically examines external environmental determinants. The analyses show that the Paris Agreement and regional regulations have accelerated investments, but high initial investment and supply chain risks, despite decreasing technology costs, create economic barriers to the use of renewable energy in airports. Aviation-specific safety factors and regulatory constraints, such as glare risk and radar and communication effects, are particularly pronounced in photovoltaic applications. Smart grid and energy storage solutions enhance operational resilience, social acceptance, and environmental benefits by strengthening uninterrupted energy supply. This study contributes to the aviation management literature by shifting the discussion from solely the dimension of technology adoption to a comprehensive strategic governance model, and by offering airport companies a PESTEL-based framework for multidimensional risk and opportunity management.

Keywords

• Airport sustainability
• renewable energy integration
• green aviation
• airport energy management
• strategic PESTEL analysis

Ethical Statement

It was declared by the author(s) that the tools and methods used in the study do not require the permission of the Ethics Committee. This article meets the standards of research and publication ethics.

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