Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Covid-19 Aşılarının Lojistiğinde Havacılık Endüstrisinin Rolü

Year 2021, , 127 - 141, 20.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.983597

Abstract

2020 yılında tüm dünyada pandemi ilan edilmesine sebep olan Covid-19 adlı virüs nerdeyse tüm dünyada uçuşların iptal edilmesine sebep olmuş, ancak bir taraftan da havacılık endüstrisinin önemini artırmıştır. Virüsün ortaya çıktığı ilk günden itibaren havacılık endüstrisinin durumu kötüye giderken, normalleşme sürecinde tüm dünyada aşılama çalışmalarının başlamasıyla, aşıların lojistiği tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Aşıların taşınması ve dağıtımı için uygun koşulların sağlanması, soğuk zincir lojistiği ve havacılık endüstrisinin bu konudaki çalışmaları ön planda olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Covid-19 aşılarının lojistik sürecinde havacılık endüstrisinin nasıl bir rol oynadığı araştırılmıştır. Ağırlıklı olarak ICAO, IATA ve EUROCONTROL’den elde edilen veriler ile havayolu ve hava kargo işletmelerinin aşıların lojistiği ile ilgili yaptığı çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Teknolojinin gelişimiyle birlikte havayolu taşımacılığında sıcaklık kontrollü konteynerler gibi özel ekipmanların kullanılması, önemli ölçüde bilgi ve uzmanlıkla işlerin yürütülmesi ve kalite yönetim sisteminin uygulanması vb. işlemler, Covid-19 aşılarının küresel dağıtımında havayolu endüstrisinin tercih edilmesinde etkili olmuştur. Buna ilaveten uluslararası havayolu ve hava kargo işletmelerinin pandeminin olumsuz etkilerinden kurtulmak amacıyla, aşı dağıtımında yer almak için ciddi çalışmalar yaptığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada uluslararası kuruluşların ve havayolu şirketlerinin küresel aşı dağıtımına ilişkin çalışmaları ortaya konulmuştur.

References

  • [1] Rımmer, P.J. “Aviation and Covid-19 Pandemic: Towards Ards the ‘Next Normal’” Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law, Vol. 6, Num. 2, 2020, 119-136, 2020.
  • [2] Sun, X., Waldelt, S., Zheng, C ve Zhang, A. “COVID-19 Pandemic and Air Transportation: Successfully Navigating the Paper Hurricane” Journal of Air Transport Management, Vol 94, 1-13, 2021.
  • [3] Rushton, A., Croucher, P. & Baker, P. (2006). The Handbook of Logistics and Distribution Management, London: Kogan Page.
  • [4] CSCMP (Supply Chain Management Professionals) “Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi Tanımları ve Sözlüğü” https://cscmp.org/CSCMP/Educate/SCM_Definitions_and_Glossary_of_Terms.aspx (Erişim Tarihi: 18.07.2021).
  • [5] Aung, M. and Chang, Y. “Temperature Management for the Quality Assurance of a Perishable Food Supply Chain” Food Control, 40, 198-207, 2014.
  • [6] Chaudhuri, A., Popovska, I.D., Subramanian, N., Chan, H.K. & Bai, R. Decision-making in Cold Chain Logistics Using Data Analytics: A Literature Review. The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 29 No. 3, pp. 839-861, 2018.
  • [7] İpekçi, E. & Tanyaş, M. “Soğuk Zincir Lojistiği Uygulamaları ve Türkiye’de Soğuk Zincir Lojistiğinin Swot Analizi” Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Issue 26: 46-64, 2021.
  • [8] Zaffran, M., Vandelaer, J., Kristensen, D., Melgaard, B., Yadav, P., Agyei, K. ve Lasher, H. The Imperative for Stronger Vaccine Supply and Logistics Systems. Vaccine, Volume 31, 2: 73-80, 2013.
  • [9] Gültekin, Y. & Karadağ, M. (2021). Aşı Soğuk Zinciri: Covid-19 Salgını Kapsamında Türkiye’nin Aşı Lojistiği Alt Yapısının İncelenmesi. Parion Academic Review Journal (PARJ) Cilt/Volume 1, Sayı/No 1, ss.pp.: 19-42.
  • [10] POHO (Palm American Health Organization). (2021). https://www.paho.org/en/immunization/cold-chain?topic=All&d%5Bmin%5D=&d%5Bmax%5D=&page=1 (Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2021).
  • [11] Lee, B.Y. ve Haidari, L.A. (2017). The Importance of Vaccine Supply Chains to Everyone in the Vaccine World. Vaccine. 16; 35(35 Pt A): 4475–4479.
  • [12] Dujizer, L.E., Jaarsveld, W. & Dekker, R. (2018). Literature Review: The Vaccine Supply Chain. European Journal of Operational Research 268, no. 1: 174-192.
  • [13] WORLD BANK “How the World Bank Group is Helping Countries Address Covid-19” (2020)https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/factsheet/2020/02/11/how-the-world-bank-group-is-helping-countries-with-covid-19-coronavirus (Erişim Tarihi: 16.07.2021).
  • [14] Tidey, A. Ve Ademoğlu, Y. “Covid-19 Aşıları Dünyaya Nasıl Dağıtılacak? Aşının Önündeki Engeller Neler?” (2020). https://tr.euronews.com/2020/12/01/covid-19-as-lar-dunyaya-nas-l-dag-t-lacak-as-n-n-onundeki-engeller-neler (Erişim Tarihi: 16.07.2021).
  • [15] Yamey, G., Schäferhoff, M., Hatchett, R., Pate, M. Zhao, F., Kennedy, K. (2020). Ensuring Global Access to Covid-19 Vaccines. Vol 395, Issue 10234.
  • [16] Kashte, S., Gulbake, A., El-Amin S.F. & Gupta, A. “Covid 19 Vaccines: Rapid Development, Implications, Challenges and Future Prospects” Human Cell, 34:711–733, 2021.
  • [17] MEDİCAL PARK. “Covid-19 Aşıları ve Yan Etkileri. https://www.medicalpark.com.tr/covid-19/hg-2536 (Erişim Tarihi: 16.07.2021).
  • [18] Forni, G. & Mantovani, A. “Covid-19 Vaccines: Where We Stand and Challenges Ahead” Cell Death & Differentiation, Vol 28:626–639, 2021.
  • [19] James, E.R. (2021). Disrupting vaccine logistics. International Health2021;13: 211–214, 2021.
  • [20] ICAO “Safe Transport of Covid-19 Vaccines on Commercial Aircraft” https://www.icao.int/safety/OPS/OPS-Normal/Pages/Vaccines-Transport.aspx (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2021).
  • [21] ICAO “The Distribution of Covid-19 Vaccines and Air Cargo Security” https://www.icao.int/Security/aircargo/Pages/The-Distribution-of-COVID-19-Vaccines-and-Air-Cargo-Security.aspx (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2021).
  • [22] SATAIR (2021). “How Airlines are Aiding in Covid-19 Vaccine Distribution?” https://blog.satair.com/how-airlines-are-aiding-in-covid-vaccine-distribution (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2021).
  • [23] Kargo Haber “Hava Kargo Covid-19 Aşısı Bulunduğunda En Büyük Yükü Üstlenecek” https://www.kargohaber.com/hava-kargo-covid-19-asisi-bulundugunda-en-buyuk-yuku-ustlenecek-5817h.htm (Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2021).
  • [24] IATA “The Time to Prepare for Covid-19 Vaccine Transport is Now” https://www.iata.org/en/pressroom/pr/2020-09-09-01/ (Erişim Tarihi: 04.08.2021).
  • [25] IATA “Transportation of Covid-19 Vaccine” https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/pharma/vaccine-transport/ (Erişim Tarihi: 30.07.2021).
  • [26] EUROCONTROL “Covid-19 Impact on the European Air Traffic Network” https://www.eurocontrol.int/covid19 (Erişim Tarihi: 12.08.2021).
  • [27] Brennan, E. “Playing a Key Role in Global Covid-19 Vaccine Distribution: EUROCONTROL and Partners Agree to Prioritise Critical Vaccine Flights” https://www.eurocontrol.int/news/playing-key-role-global-covid-19-vaccine-distribution (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2021).
  • [28] O’Neil, D.P. ve Krane, D. “Policy and Organizational Change in the Federal Aviation Administration: Th e Ontogenesis of a High-Reliability Organization” Public Administration Review, Vol. 72, Iss. 1, pp. 98–111, 2011.
  • [29] FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) “Vaccine Transport” https://www.faa.gov/coronavirus/vaccine_transport/ (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2021).
  • [30] ACI (Airports Council International) (2020). https://aci.aero/news/2020/12/03/covid-19-vaccine-distribution-and-challenges-for-airport-operators/ (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2021).
  • [31] Choi, T.S. (2021). Risk Analysis in Logistics Systems: A Research Agenda During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic. Transportation Research Part E, Vol 145, 1-8.
  • [32] EURONEWS “Havayolu Şirketleri, Soğuk Ortamda Korunması Gereken Covid-19 Aşılarını Taşımak İçin Seferber Oldu” https://tr.euronews.com/2020/11/18/havayolu-sirketleri-soguk-ortamda-korunmas-gereken-covid-19-as-lar-n-tas-mak-icin-seferber (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2021).
  • [33] UN (United Nations) “EU Airlines Join Forces With UNICEF to Transport Covid-19 Vaccines Around World” https://www.un.org/en/coronavirus/eu-airlines-join-forces-unicef-transport-covid-19-vaccines-around-world (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2021).
  • [34] Black, E. “How Airlines Are Transforming to Deliver the Covid-19 Vaccine and Why it is Especially Challenging Now” https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/02/how-airlines-transport-covid-19-vaccines.html (Erişim Tarihi: 13.08.2021).
  • [35] GCCN (Global Cold Chain News) “Gool Chain Association Scheme to Help Airports Prepare For Covid-19 Vaccine” https://www.globalcoldchainnews.com/cool-chain-association-scheme-to-help-airports-prepare-for-covid-19-vaccine/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2021).
  • [36] AIRLINES IATA “Hava Yoluyla Aşıların Taşınması” https://www.airlines.iata.org/analysis/transporting-vaccines-by-air?_ga=2.185408556.467697946.1627645071-537391777.1585218046&_gac=1.12132678.1625144137.CjwKCAjwz_WGBhA1EiwAUAxIcZJ-nFrQq_yoglXpPhQ5Fz7LRLbti7ONGGZi6-T0LE1JeaVLa-H-IBoCLA4QAvD_BwE (Erişim Tarihi: 13.08.2021).
  • [37] TRT HABER “THY Coronavirüs Aşısının Dağıtımında Küresel Yarışa Hazır” https://www.trthaber.com/haber/ekonomi/thy-koronavirus-asisinin-dagitiminda-kuresel-yarisa-hazir-534169.html (Erişim Tarihi: 13.08.2021).
  • [38] TURKISH CARGO “Turkish Cargo Carries Covid-19 Vaccines Via İts Cross-Continental Air Bridge” https://www.turkishcargo.com.tr/en/news/turkish-cargo-carries-covid-19-vaccines-via-its-cross-continental-air-bridge (Erişim Tarihi: 13.08.2021).

Role of Aviation Industry in Logistics of Covid-19 Vaccines

Year 2021, , 127 - 141, 20.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.983597

Abstract

The virus called Covid-19, which caused a pandemic to be declared all over the world in 2020, caused flights to be canceled almost all over the world, but on the other hand, it increased the importance of the aviation industry. While the situation of the aviation industry has deteriorated since the first day of the virus, with the start of vaccination studies all over the world in the normalization process, the logistics of vaccines started to be discussed. Providing suitable conditions for the transportation and distribution of vaccines, cold chain logistics and the work of the aviation industry on this issue have been at the forefront. In this study, the role of the aviation industry in the logistics process of Covid-19 vaccines was investigated. The data obtained mainly from ICAO, IATA and EUROCONTROL and the studies of airline and air cargo companies on the logistics of vaccines were examined. With the development of technology, the use of special equipment such as temperature-controlled containers in air transport, the execution of works with significant knowledge and expertise, and the implementation of the quality management system, etc. The transactions have been instrumental in favoring the airline industry for the global distribution of Covid-19 vaccines. In addition, it has been determined that international airlines and air cargo companies are making serious efforts to take part in vaccine distribution in order to get rid of the negative effects of the pandemic. In the study, the studies of international organizations and airline companies on global vaccine distribution were revealed.

References

  • [1] Rımmer, P.J. “Aviation and Covid-19 Pandemic: Towards Ards the ‘Next Normal’” Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law, Vol. 6, Num. 2, 2020, 119-136, 2020.
  • [2] Sun, X., Waldelt, S., Zheng, C ve Zhang, A. “COVID-19 Pandemic and Air Transportation: Successfully Navigating the Paper Hurricane” Journal of Air Transport Management, Vol 94, 1-13, 2021.
  • [3] Rushton, A., Croucher, P. & Baker, P. (2006). The Handbook of Logistics and Distribution Management, London: Kogan Page.
  • [4] CSCMP (Supply Chain Management Professionals) “Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi Tanımları ve Sözlüğü” https://cscmp.org/CSCMP/Educate/SCM_Definitions_and_Glossary_of_Terms.aspx (Erişim Tarihi: 18.07.2021).
  • [5] Aung, M. and Chang, Y. “Temperature Management for the Quality Assurance of a Perishable Food Supply Chain” Food Control, 40, 198-207, 2014.
  • [6] Chaudhuri, A., Popovska, I.D., Subramanian, N., Chan, H.K. & Bai, R. Decision-making in Cold Chain Logistics Using Data Analytics: A Literature Review. The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 29 No. 3, pp. 839-861, 2018.
  • [7] İpekçi, E. & Tanyaş, M. “Soğuk Zincir Lojistiği Uygulamaları ve Türkiye’de Soğuk Zincir Lojistiğinin Swot Analizi” Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Issue 26: 46-64, 2021.
  • [8] Zaffran, M., Vandelaer, J., Kristensen, D., Melgaard, B., Yadav, P., Agyei, K. ve Lasher, H. The Imperative for Stronger Vaccine Supply and Logistics Systems. Vaccine, Volume 31, 2: 73-80, 2013.
  • [9] Gültekin, Y. & Karadağ, M. (2021). Aşı Soğuk Zinciri: Covid-19 Salgını Kapsamında Türkiye’nin Aşı Lojistiği Alt Yapısının İncelenmesi. Parion Academic Review Journal (PARJ) Cilt/Volume 1, Sayı/No 1, ss.pp.: 19-42.
  • [10] POHO (Palm American Health Organization). (2021). https://www.paho.org/en/immunization/cold-chain?topic=All&d%5Bmin%5D=&d%5Bmax%5D=&page=1 (Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2021).
  • [11] Lee, B.Y. ve Haidari, L.A. (2017). The Importance of Vaccine Supply Chains to Everyone in the Vaccine World. Vaccine. 16; 35(35 Pt A): 4475–4479.
  • [12] Dujizer, L.E., Jaarsveld, W. & Dekker, R. (2018). Literature Review: The Vaccine Supply Chain. European Journal of Operational Research 268, no. 1: 174-192.
  • [13] WORLD BANK “How the World Bank Group is Helping Countries Address Covid-19” (2020)https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/factsheet/2020/02/11/how-the-world-bank-group-is-helping-countries-with-covid-19-coronavirus (Erişim Tarihi: 16.07.2021).
  • [14] Tidey, A. Ve Ademoğlu, Y. “Covid-19 Aşıları Dünyaya Nasıl Dağıtılacak? Aşının Önündeki Engeller Neler?” (2020). https://tr.euronews.com/2020/12/01/covid-19-as-lar-dunyaya-nas-l-dag-t-lacak-as-n-n-onundeki-engeller-neler (Erişim Tarihi: 16.07.2021).
  • [15] Yamey, G., Schäferhoff, M., Hatchett, R., Pate, M. Zhao, F., Kennedy, K. (2020). Ensuring Global Access to Covid-19 Vaccines. Vol 395, Issue 10234.
  • [16] Kashte, S., Gulbake, A., El-Amin S.F. & Gupta, A. “Covid 19 Vaccines: Rapid Development, Implications, Challenges and Future Prospects” Human Cell, 34:711–733, 2021.
  • [17] MEDİCAL PARK. “Covid-19 Aşıları ve Yan Etkileri. https://www.medicalpark.com.tr/covid-19/hg-2536 (Erişim Tarihi: 16.07.2021).
  • [18] Forni, G. & Mantovani, A. “Covid-19 Vaccines: Where We Stand and Challenges Ahead” Cell Death & Differentiation, Vol 28:626–639, 2021.
  • [19] James, E.R. (2021). Disrupting vaccine logistics. International Health2021;13: 211–214, 2021.
  • [20] ICAO “Safe Transport of Covid-19 Vaccines on Commercial Aircraft” https://www.icao.int/safety/OPS/OPS-Normal/Pages/Vaccines-Transport.aspx (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2021).
  • [21] ICAO “The Distribution of Covid-19 Vaccines and Air Cargo Security” https://www.icao.int/Security/aircargo/Pages/The-Distribution-of-COVID-19-Vaccines-and-Air-Cargo-Security.aspx (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2021).
  • [22] SATAIR (2021). “How Airlines are Aiding in Covid-19 Vaccine Distribution?” https://blog.satair.com/how-airlines-are-aiding-in-covid-vaccine-distribution (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2021).
  • [23] Kargo Haber “Hava Kargo Covid-19 Aşısı Bulunduğunda En Büyük Yükü Üstlenecek” https://www.kargohaber.com/hava-kargo-covid-19-asisi-bulundugunda-en-buyuk-yuku-ustlenecek-5817h.htm (Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2021).
  • [24] IATA “The Time to Prepare for Covid-19 Vaccine Transport is Now” https://www.iata.org/en/pressroom/pr/2020-09-09-01/ (Erişim Tarihi: 04.08.2021).
  • [25] IATA “Transportation of Covid-19 Vaccine” https://www.iata.org/en/programs/cargo/pharma/vaccine-transport/ (Erişim Tarihi: 30.07.2021).
  • [26] EUROCONTROL “Covid-19 Impact on the European Air Traffic Network” https://www.eurocontrol.int/covid19 (Erişim Tarihi: 12.08.2021).
  • [27] Brennan, E. “Playing a Key Role in Global Covid-19 Vaccine Distribution: EUROCONTROL and Partners Agree to Prioritise Critical Vaccine Flights” https://www.eurocontrol.int/news/playing-key-role-global-covid-19-vaccine-distribution (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2021).
  • [28] O’Neil, D.P. ve Krane, D. “Policy and Organizational Change in the Federal Aviation Administration: Th e Ontogenesis of a High-Reliability Organization” Public Administration Review, Vol. 72, Iss. 1, pp. 98–111, 2011.
  • [29] FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) “Vaccine Transport” https://www.faa.gov/coronavirus/vaccine_transport/ (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2021).
  • [30] ACI (Airports Council International) (2020). https://aci.aero/news/2020/12/03/covid-19-vaccine-distribution-and-challenges-for-airport-operators/ (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2021).
  • [31] Choi, T.S. (2021). Risk Analysis in Logistics Systems: A Research Agenda During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic. Transportation Research Part E, Vol 145, 1-8.
  • [32] EURONEWS “Havayolu Şirketleri, Soğuk Ortamda Korunması Gereken Covid-19 Aşılarını Taşımak İçin Seferber Oldu” https://tr.euronews.com/2020/11/18/havayolu-sirketleri-soguk-ortamda-korunmas-gereken-covid-19-as-lar-n-tas-mak-icin-seferber (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2021).
  • [33] UN (United Nations) “EU Airlines Join Forces With UNICEF to Transport Covid-19 Vaccines Around World” https://www.un.org/en/coronavirus/eu-airlines-join-forces-unicef-transport-covid-19-vaccines-around-world (Erişim Tarihi: 11.08.2021).
  • [34] Black, E. “How Airlines Are Transforming to Deliver the Covid-19 Vaccine and Why it is Especially Challenging Now” https://www.cnbc.com/2021/01/02/how-airlines-transport-covid-19-vaccines.html (Erişim Tarihi: 13.08.2021).
  • [35] GCCN (Global Cold Chain News) “Gool Chain Association Scheme to Help Airports Prepare For Covid-19 Vaccine” https://www.globalcoldchainnews.com/cool-chain-association-scheme-to-help-airports-prepare-for-covid-19-vaccine/ (Erişim Tarihi: 02.08.2021).
  • [36] AIRLINES IATA “Hava Yoluyla Aşıların Taşınması” https://www.airlines.iata.org/analysis/transporting-vaccines-by-air?_ga=2.185408556.467697946.1627645071-537391777.1585218046&_gac=1.12132678.1625144137.CjwKCAjwz_WGBhA1EiwAUAxIcZJ-nFrQq_yoglXpPhQ5Fz7LRLbti7ONGGZi6-T0LE1JeaVLa-H-IBoCLA4QAvD_BwE (Erişim Tarihi: 13.08.2021).
  • [37] TRT HABER “THY Coronavirüs Aşısının Dağıtımında Küresel Yarışa Hazır” https://www.trthaber.com/haber/ekonomi/thy-koronavirus-asisinin-dagitiminda-kuresel-yarisa-hazir-534169.html (Erişim Tarihi: 13.08.2021).
  • [38] TURKISH CARGO “Turkish Cargo Carries Covid-19 Vaccines Via İts Cross-Continental Air Bridge” https://www.turkishcargo.com.tr/en/news/turkish-cargo-carries-covid-19-vaccines-via-its-cross-continental-air-bridge (Erişim Tarihi: 13.08.2021).
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gülaçtı Şen 0000-0003-4168-0586

Publication Date December 20, 2021
Submission Date August 16, 2021
Acceptance Date October 12, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Şen, G. (2021). Covid-19 Aşılarının Lojistiğinde Havacılık Endüstrisinin Rolü. Journal of Aviation, 5(2), 127-141. https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.983597

Journal of Aviation - JAV 


www.javsci.com - editor@javsci.com


9210This journal is licenced under a Creative Commons Attiribution-NonCommerical 4.0 İnternational Licence