Akut Viral Gastroenteritli Çocuklarda COVID-19 Pandemisi Öncesi ve Sırasında Rotavirüs ve Enterik Adenovirüs Sıklığının Araştırılması

Abstract

Amaç: Rotavirüs ve enterik adenovirüs, dünya çapında çocuklarda akut gastroenteritin yaygın nedenleridir. COVID-19 pandemisinin ortaya çıkmasıyla pandemi yönetimine yönelik tedbirler diğer viral ajanların sıklığını da etkilemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, pandemi öncesi ve pandemi sırasında rotavirüs ve enterik adenovirüsün değişen antijen pozitiflik paternini araştırmak ve yaş gruplarına, cinsiyete ve başvuru mevsimine göre dağılımını belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2019-Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında gastroenteritli çocuk hastalardan alınan 14670 dışkı örneğinin test sonuçları geriye dönük olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Rotavirüs ve enterik adenovirüs antijenleri immünokromatografiyle saptanmıştır. Bulgular: Pandemi öncesi dönemde rotavirüs ve enterik adenovirüs antijeni pozitiflik oranları sırasıyla %9,5 ve %1,6 idi. Pandemi sırasında bu iki virüsün pozitiflik oranlarında pandemi öncesi döneme göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir azalma saptanmıştır. Rotavirus antijen pozitifliği 0-2 yaş grubunda pandemi döneminde (%72,9) pandemi öncesine (%70,4) göre anlamlı olarak artarken, pandemi sırasında 8-14 yaş grubunda %4,1'den %3,5'e düşmüştür. Adenovirüs antijen pozitifliğinin yaş gruplarına göre dağılımı anlamlı farklılık göstermemiştir. Pozitiflik oranları açısından dönem ve cinsiyet arasında anlamlı bir ilişki yoktu. Pandemi öncesi kış mevsiminde rotavirüs ve adenovirüs pozitiflik oranları diğer mevsimlere göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunurken, pandemi döneminde ilkbahar ve yaz aylarında önemli ölçüde artmıştır. Sonuç: Rotavirüs ve enterik adenovirüs sıklığı pandemi döneminde belirgin bir azalma göstermiştir. İnfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri SARS-CoV-2’nin yanı sıra enterik virüslerin görülme sıklığının da azalmasında önemli bir rol oynamıştır.

Keywords

• Adenovirüs;
• Akut gastroenterit;
• Covid-19;
• Pandemi;
• Rotavirüs

Investigation of the Frequency of Rotavirus and Enteric Adenovirus in Children with Acute Viral Gastroenteritis Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Aim: Rotavirus and enteric adenovirus are common causes of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. With the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, measures for pandemic management have also affected frequency of other viral agents. The aim of this study was to investigate changing antigen positivity pattern of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus before and during pandemic and to determine its distribution according to age groups, gender and season of admittance. Material and Method: Test results of 14670 stool samples of pediatric patients with gastroenteritis between January 2019-June 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. Rotavirus and enteric adenovirus antigens were detected by immunochromatography. Results: The positivity rates of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus antigen were 9.5% and 1.6%, respectively, before pandemic. A statistically significant decrease was detected for positivity rates of both these viruses during pandemic. Rotavirus antigen positivity significantly increased in 0-2 age group during pandemic (72.9%) compared to pre-pandemic period (70.4%) and significantly decreased from 4.1% to 3.5% in age group of 8-14 during pandemic. Distribution of adenovirus antigen positivity according to age groups did not differ significantly. There was no significant association between period and gender in terms of positivity rates. In pre-pandemic winter, rotavirus and adenovirus positivity rates were found to be significantly higher than in other seasons whereas during pandemic, positivity rates significantly increased in spring and summer. Conclusion: Frequencies of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus have shown a significant decrease during pandemic. Infection control measures have play an important role in reducing incidence of enteric viruses as well as SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords

• Adenovirus;
• Acut gastroenteritis;
• Covid-19;
• Pandemic;
• Rotavirus

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