Alerjik rinit tanılı çocuklarda huzursuz bacak sendromunun değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Alerjik rinit (AR) tanılı çocuklarda huzursuz bacak sendromu (HBS) sıklığının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma vaka kontrol tipindedir. Olgu grubunun yaş, cinsiyet, boy, kilo, Vücut Kitle İndeksi (VKİ), alerjik rinit semptom skoru, alerjik rinit şiddeti, alerji testleri, total IgE, eozinofil değerleri incelendi. Kontrol grubunda da cinsiyet, yaş, boy, kilo ve VKİ incelendi. Her iki gruptaki hastalar, pediatrik yaş grubu için revize edilmiş en son tanı kriterlerini ve şiddet puanlamasını içeren Uluslararası Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu Çalışma Grubu anketi kullanılarak sorgulandı. Hastaların nörolojik muayeneleri, anket uygulanması ve huzursuz bacak sendromu şiddet skorlaması çocuk nöroloğu tarafından gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmada 115 AR olgusu ve 115 kontrol grubu olmak üzere toplam 230 çocuğun verileri değerlendirildi. Alerjik rinitli çocuklarda huzursuz bacak sendromu sıklığı kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksekti (sırasıyla %15,7 ve %5,2; p=0,010). HBS hastalarının klinik şiddeti hem vaka hem de kontrol gruplarında çoğunlukla orta düzeydeydi [sırasıyla %44,4 (n=8) ve %50 (n=3). Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçlarına göre; alerjik rinitli hastalarda kontrol grubuna göre huzursuz bacak sendromu daha sık gözlendi.

Keywords

• alerjik rinit
• alerji
• huzursuz bacak
• çocuklar

Evaluation of restless legs syndrome in children with allergic rhinitis

Abstract

Aim: It was aimed to evaluate the frequency of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in children with a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR). Material and Method: The study is case-control type. Age, gender, height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), allergic rhinitis symptom score, allergic rhinitis severity, allergy tests, total IgE, eosinophil values of the case group were examined. Gender, age, height, weight and BMI were also calculated in the control group. Patients in both groups were questioned using the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group's (IRLSSG) questionnaire containing the latest diagnostic criteria and severity scoring revised for the pediatric age group. Neurological examination, questionnaire and RLS severity scoring results of the patients were performed by a pediatric neurologist. Results: In the study, the data of a total of 230 children, 115 AR cases and 115 control groups, were evaluated. The frequency of restless legs syndrome in children with allergic rhinitis was significantly higher than in the control group (15.7% and 5.2%, respectively; p=0.010). The clinical severity of RLS patients was mostly moderate in both the case and control groups [44.4% (n=8) and 50% (n=3), respectively]. Conclusion: According to the results of our study; restless legs syndrome was observed more frequently in patients with allergic rhinitis compared to the control group.

Keywords

• allergic rhinitis
• allergy
• restless legs
• children

References

1. 1. Pawankar R. Allergic diseases and asthma: a global public health concern and a call to action. World Allergy Organ J 2014;7(1):12.
2. 2. Larsen JN, Broge L, Jacobi H. Allergy immunotherapy: the future of allergy treatment. Drug Discov Today 2016;21(1):26-37.
3. 3. Senol HD, Topyildiz E, Ekici B, Gulen F, Demir E. Effectiveness and adverse reactions to subcutaneous immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis/asthma. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2022;162:111292.
4. 4. Rapiejko P, Jurkiewicz D, Pietruszewska W, Zielnik-Jurkiewicz B, Woroń J, Lipiec A. Treatment strategy of allergic rhinitis in the face of modern world threats. Otolaryngol Pol 2018;72(2):1-12.
5. 5. Mandhane SN, Shah JH, Thennati R. Allergic rhinitis: an update on disease, present treatments and future prospects. Int Immunopharmacol 2011;11(11):1646-62.
6. 6. Schuler Iv CF, Montejo JM. Allergic rhinitis in children and adolescents. Pediatr Clin North Am 2019;66(5):981-993.
7. 7. Dass K, Petrusan AJ, Beaumont J, Zee P, Lai J-S, Fishbein A. Assessment of sleep disturbance in children with allergic rhinitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017;118(4):505-6.
8. 8. Scadding GK, Smith PK, Blaiss M, et al. Allergic rhinitis in childhood and the new EUFOREA algorithm. Front Allergy 2021;2:706589.

9. 9. Walker S, Khan-Wasti S, Fletcher M, Cullinan P, Harris J, Sheikh A. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is associated with a detrimental effect on examination performance in United Kingdom teenagers: case-control study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007;120(2):381-7.
10. 10. Koinis-Mitchell D, Craig T, Esteban CA, et al. Sleep and allergic disease: a summary of the literature and future directions for research. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012;130(6):1275–81.
11. 11. Loekmanwidjaja J, Carneiro ACF, Nishinaka MLT, et al. Sleep disorders in children with moderate to severe persistent allergic rhinitis. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2018;84:178-84.
12. 12. Zhou S, Hur K, Shen J, Wrobel B. Impact of sinonasal disease on depression, sleep duration, and productivity among adults in the United States. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2017;2(5):288–94.
13. 13. Leger D, Bonnefoy B, Pigearias B, de la Giclais B, Chartier A. Poor sleep is highly associated with house dust mite allergic rhinitis in adults and children. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2017;13:36.
14. 14. Drumond CL, Souza DS, Serra-Negra JM, Marques LS, Ramos-Jorge ML, Ramos-Jorge J. Respiratory disorders and the prevalence of sleep bruxism among schoolchildren aged 8 to 11 years. Sleep Breath 2017;21(1):203–8.
15. 15. Poachanukoon O, Kitcharoensakkul M. Snoring and sleep problems in children with and without allergic rhinitis: A case control study. J Med Assoc Thai 2015;98:S138–S44.
16. 16. Cogen JD, Loghmanee DA. Sleep-related movement disorders. In: Sheldon SH, Ferber R, Kryger MH, Gozal D (eds). Principles and practice of pediatric sleep medicine. Philadelphia, Saunders/Elseiver;2014.p.333-336.
17. 17. DelRosso L, Bruni O. Treatment of pediatric restless legs syndrome. Adv Pharmacol 2019;84:237-253.
18. 18. Turkdogan D, Bekiroglu N, Zaimoglu S. A prevalence study of restless legs syndrome in Turkish children and adolescents. Sleep Med 2011;12(4):315-321.
19. 19. Stiasny K, Wetter TC, Trenkwalder C, Oertel WH. Restless legs syndrome and its treatment by dopamine agonists. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2000;7(1):21-25.
20. 20. Baran RT, Atar M, Pirgon Ö, Filiz S, Filiz M. Restless legs syndrome and poor sleep quality in obese children and adolescents. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2018;10(2):131.
21. 21. Mizuno S, Mihara T, Miyaoka T, Inagaki T, Horiguchi J. CSF iron, ferritin and transferrin levels in restless legs syndrome. J Sleep Res 2005;14(1):43-7.
22. 22. Hassan N, Pineau CA, Clarke AE, Vinet E, Ng R, Bernatsky S. Systemic lupus and risk of restless legs syndrome. J Rheumatol 2011;38(5):874-6.
23. 23. Imtiyaz HZ, Simon MC. Hypoxia-inducible factors as essential regulators of inflammation. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2010;345:105-20.
24. 24. Saraçgil Coşar SN, Yoldaş A, Öztop P, Yemişci OÜ, Ayaş Ş. Osteoartiriti olan yaşlılarda huzursuz bacak sendromu. Türk Geriatri Dergisi 2012;15(1):30-3.
25. 25. Spillane J. Restless legs syndrome in chronic pulmonary disease. Br Med J 1970;4(5738):796-8.
26. 26. Manconi M, Garcia-Borreguero D, Schormair B, et al. Restless legs syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021;7(1):80.
27. 27. Yalcinkaya BC, Amirov CB, Saltik S, Senel GB. Restless legs syndrome in pediatric onset multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021;56:103295.
28. 28. Bilgilisoy Filiz M, Filiz S, Baran RT, et al. Restless legs syndrome in children with allergic rhinitis: A comparative study on frequency, severity and sleep quality. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2018;64(3):198-204.
29. 29. Picchietti DL, Bruni O, de Weerd A, et al. Pediatric restless legs syndrome diagnostic criteria: an update by the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Sleep Med 2013;14(12):1253-9.
30. 30. Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N, Aria Workshop Group, World Health Organization. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;108 (5 Suppl):S147-334.
31. 31. Weinstock LB, Walters AS, Brook JB, Kaleem Z, Afrin LB, Molderings GJ. Restless legs syndrome is associated with mast cell activation syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med 2020;16(3):401-8.
32. 32. Çiçek D, Halisdemir N, Dertioglu S, Berilgen M, Ozel S, Colak C. Increased frequency of restless legs syndrome in atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012;37(5):469-76.
33. 33. Güngen AC, Güngen B, Aydemir Y, Aras YG, Çoban H, Düzenli H. The relationship between restless legs syndrome and bronchial asthma. Clin Respir J 2018;12(4):1460-5.
34. 34. Serpil T, Sevil A, Nehir S. Is there an association between restless legs syndrome and ürticaria? J Korean Med Sci 2016;31(5):790-4.
35. 35. Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JA. Inflammatory factors and restless legs syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 68:101744.
36. 36. Dogru M, Evcimik MF, Cirik AA. Is neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio associated with the severity of allergic rhinitis in children? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016;273(10):3175-8.