Assessment of DNA Damage Induced by Velum® Prime in Human Lymphocytes

Abstract

Aim: Fluopyram is a mitochondrial complex II inhibitor with low water solubility and a relatively long half-life in soil. So it may also be dangerous for humans. The effect of fluopyram on DNA damage was evaluated in human lymphocytes using the comet assay. Materials and Methods: Lymphocytes of eight volunteers were isolated using histopaque-1077. Fluopyram was administered at doses of 0.05, 0.25, and 1.00 mg/mL for 1, 2, and 4 h. The comet assay was applied, and photographs of the slides were taken under a fluorescence microscope. 50 cells per slide were analyzed using the OpenComet software. The obtained results were statistically evaluated using one-way ANOVA. Results: Fluopyram treatments at 1.00 mg/mL for 1 h and 0.05, 0.25, and 1.00 mg/mL for 2 and 4 h resulted in a statistically significant increase in DNA damage compared to the internal control groups (p<0.05). When comparing groups with the same treatment time but different doses, the increase in DNA damage observed after a 1-h treatment of 1.00 mg/mL fluopyram was higher than the increase observed after a 1-h treatment of 0.05 mg/mL fluopyram (p<0.05). When comparing groups with different treatment times but the same dose, the increase in DNA damage after a 4-h treatment of 0.25 mg/mL fluopyram was higher than the increase observed after a 1-h treatment of 0.25 mg/mL fluopyram (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that fluopyram causes an increase in DNA damage in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It is essential to investigate these findings in vivo as well.

Keywords

• Comet assay
• Fluopyram
• Genotoxicity
• Pesticide

Velum® Prime Kaynaklı DNA Hasarının İnsan Lenfositlerinde Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Fluopyram mitokondriyal kompleks II inhibitörü, suda çözünürlüğü düşük ve topraktaki yarılanma ömrü oldukça uzun bir pestisittir. Dolayısı ile insanlara ulaşması oldukça muhtemeldir. DNA hasarı üzerindeki etkisi insan lenfosit hücrelerinde comet metodu ile değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: 8 gönüllüden histopak-1077 kullanılarak lenfositler elde edilmiştir. 0.05, 0.25 ve 1.00 mg/mL olmak üzere 3 dozda ve 1, 2 ve 4 saat fluopyram uygulaması yapılmıştır. Comet metodu uygulanmış ve hazırlanan preperatların floresan mikroskop altında fotoğrafları çekilmiştir. Preperat başına 50 hücre OpenComet programı ile değerlendirilmiş ve sonuçlar tek yönlü anova ile istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: 1.00 mg/mL 1 saat ve 0.05, 0.25, 1.00 mg/mL 2 ve 4 saat fluopyram uygulamaları internal kontrol gruplarına kıyasla DNA hasarında istatiksel olarak anlamlı artışa sebep olmuştur (p<0.05). Aynı uygulama süresine ve farklı doza sahip gruplar kendi arasında karşılaştırıldığında, 1 saat 1.00 mg/mL fluopyram uygulaması sonucunda DNA hasarında meydana gelen artış, 1 saat 0.05 mg/mL fluopyram uygulaması sonucunda meydana gelen artıştan daha yüksektir (p<0.05). Farklı uygulama süresine ve aynı doza sahip gruplar kendi arasında karşılaştırıldığında 4 saat 0.25 mg/mL fluopyram uygulaması sonucunda DNA hasarında meydana gelen artış, 1 saat 0.25 mg/mL fluopyram uygulaması sonucunda meydana gelen artıştan daha yüksektir (p<0.05). Sonuç: Bu sonuçlara göre fluopyramın doz ve zaman bağımlı şekilde DNA hasarında artışa sebep olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçların in vivo olarak da araştırılması gerekmektedir.

Keywords

• Comet metodu
• Fluopyram
• Genotoksisite
• Pestisit

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