Çocuklarda Meningokok B Aşısının Yan Etki Profili

Year 2024, , 9 - 13, 31.01.2024

Ayşe Esra Tapci , Bahar Çuhacı Çakır , Aysu Duyan Çamurdan

https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1373138

Abstract

AMAÇ: İnvazif meningokok enfeksiyonları hızlı başlangıçlı bir klinik tabloya sahiptir ve erken tedavi edilen kişilerde dahi ciddi sekellere ve ölüme yol açabilmektedir. İlgili salgınların en yaygın nedenleri serogrup A, B, C, W, Y ve X olup, serogrup A, C, W ve Y ile serogrup B'ye karşı iki farklı aşı geliştirilmiştir. Serogrup B içeren MenB-4C aşısı (Bexsero®) Türkiye'de 2018 yılında ruhsatlandırılmış olup halen uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada üçüncü basamak pediatri kliniğinde takip edilen bebek ve çocuklarda bu aşının yan etkileri sorgulandı.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Çalışmamızda Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Sağlığı Takip Polikliniği'nde 1 Mart 2019 ile 1 Mart 2022 tarihleri arasında uygulanan MenB-4C aşı dozlarının lokal ve sistemik yan etkileri geriye dönük olarak araştırıldı. Belirlenen tarihlerde (n=102) bu klinikte aşı olan 0-18 yaş arası tüm bebek ve çocuklar çalışmaya dahil edildi ve ebeveynleri telefonla aranarak aşının yan etkileri sorgulanarak anket dolduruldu.
BULGULAR: Üç yıllık çalışma süresi boyunca 102 çocuğa toplam 224 doz MenB-4C aşısı uygulandığı belirlendi. Bu aşıların %21,6'sının pandemiden önceki yıl, %78,4'ünün ise pandemi sonrası iki yıl içinde uygulandığı belirlendi. salgın. Toplam doz sayısına göre lokal ve sistemik yan etki oranı %30,8 (n= 69) idi. Yan etki görülen 69 dozun 42'sinin (%60,8) sistemik (ateş), 27'sinin (%39,1) ise lokal (enjeksiyon yerinde sertlik, kızarıklık, ağrı) olduğu belirlendi. Aşının ilk dozundan sonra hastaların yüzde 41,3'ünde, ikinci dozundan sonra yüzde 23,3'ünde, üçüncü dozundan sonra ise yüzde 25,9'unda yan etki görüldü.
TARTIŞMA: Çalışmamızda MenB-4C aşılaması sonrasında aşı sonrası anafilaksi, ensefalopati gibi ciddi bir reaksiyon gözlenmemiştir ve bu aşının en sık görülen yan etkileri geçici ve kendini sınırlayan, en fazla iki ila üç gün süren ateş ve lokal ağrı olmuştur. Çoğu ülkenin aşılama takviminde yer alan MenB-4C aşısı meningokok enfeksiyonlarını önlemeye yardımcı güçlü bir araç olduğundan, sağlık kuruluşuna başvuran her ebeveynin hekim tarafından bu aşının gerekliliği konusunda bilgilendirilmesi ve mümkünse sadece A, C, W ve Y serogruplarını değil serogrup B'yi de içeren konjuge meningokok aşıları ulusal aşı şemasına eklenmelidir.

Keywords

ÇOCUKLUK ÇAĞI, AŞILAMA, MENİNGOKOK B AŞISI

Side Effect Profile of Meningococcal B Vaccine in Children

Abstract

Objective: Invasive meningococcal infections have a clinical picture with a rapid onset and can lead to serious sequelae and death even in individuals who are treated early. The most common causes of related epidemics are serogroups A, B, C, W, Y, and X, and two different vaccines have been developed against serogroups A, C, W, and Y and serogroup B.
The serogroup B-containing MenB-4C vaccine (Bexsero®) was licensed in Turkey in 2018 and is still being administered. In this study, the side effects of this vaccine in infants and children followed up in a tertiary pediatric clinic were questioned.
Materials and Methods: In our study, the local and systemic side effects of the MenB-4C vaccine doses, which were administered between March 1, 2019, and March 1, 2022, at the Child Health Follow-up Outpatient Clinic of Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, were evaluated retrospectively. All infants and children aged 0-18 years who were vaccinated at this clinic on the specified dates (n = 102) were recruited, and a questionnaire was completed by calling their parents by telephone and questioning the side effects of the vaccine.
Results: It was determined that a total of 224 doses of the MenB-4C vaccine were administered to 102 children over the three-year study period, Of these vaccines, 21.6% were administered during the year before the pandemic and 78.4% during the two years after the pandemic. According to the total number of doses, the rate of local and systemic side effects was 30.8% (n= 69). It was found that among the 69 doses with side effects, 42 (60.8%) were systemic (fever), and 27 (39.1%) were local (stiffness, redness, and pain at the injection site). Side effects were observed in 41.3% of the patients after the first dose of the vaccine, 23.3% after the second dose, and 25.9% after the third dose.
Conclusion: In our study, no serious post-vaccine reactions, such as anaphylaxis and encephalopathy, were observed following vaccination with MenB-4C, and the most common side effects of this vaccine were fever and local pain, which were only transient and self-limiting, lasting only two to three days at most. Since the MenB-4C vaccine, which has been included in the vaccination schedule of most countries, is a strong tool to help prevent meningococcal infections, every parent presenting to a health institution should be informed by the physician about the necessity of this vaccine, and if possible, conjugated meningococcal vaccines containing not only serogroups A, C, W, and Y but also serogroup B should be added to the national vaccine scheme.

Keywords

Childhood, vaccination, meningococcal type B conjugate vaccine

Ethical Statement

This study was supported by Gazi University Research Fund (Project Number: 2023/14).

Supporting Institution

Gazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi

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