Vitamin D ve TMPRSS2: Post-COVID-19 Saç Dökülmesindeki Ortak Mekanizmalar

Year 2026, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 55 - 62, 31.01.2026

İrem Hengirmen Acu

https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1836364

Abstract

Amaç: COVID-19 enfeksiyonunu takiben gelişen post-enfeksiyöz saç dökülmesi, önemli bir sekels olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. COVID-19 sonrasında bildirilen artmış telogen effluvium, androjenetik alopesi ve alopesi areata vakaları, immünolojik ve hormonal düzensizlikleri içeren multifaktöriyel bir patogenezi düşündürmektedir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: COVID-19 enfeksiyonu ile saç dökülmesi arasındaki mekanistik yolakları incelemek amacıyla anlatı türünde bir literatür taraması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada saç folikülü biyolojisi, immün modülasyon, hormonal sinyal yolları ve SARS-CoV-2’ye özgü hücre giriş mekanizmaları üzerine yayımlanmış hakemli makaleler değerlendirilmiştir.
COVID-19 ilişkili alopesinin üç temel mekanizma üzerinden geliştiği saptanmıştır: (1) sitokin aracılı inflamasyonun saç folikül immün ayrıcalığını bozması, (2) androjen aracılı TMPRSS2 ekspresyonunun artmasıyla viral girişin kolaylaşması ve (3) virüsün foliküllere doğrudan hasar vermesi.
Bulgular: Vitamin D, immün düzenleyici ve anti-androjenik özellikleri sayesinde proinflamatuar sitokinleri azaltmakta ve TMPRSS2 ekspresyonunu baskılamaktadır. Bu çift yönlü etki, viral invazyonu ve otoimmün kaynaklı saç dökülmesini azaltma potansiyeli taşımaktadır.
Sonuç: Vitamin D, COVID-19 sonrası saç dökülmesinin önlenmesi veya hafifletilmesinde çift etkili bir strateji olarak öne çıkmaktadır. İnflamatuvar kaskadların baskılanması ve TMPRSS2 ekspresyonunun azaltılmasındaki rolü, gelecekte yapılacak klinik ve translasyonel araştırmalarla daha kapsamlı biçimde değerlendirilmelidir.

Keywords

Covid-19 , TMPRSS2 , Vitamin D , Alopesi , Saç

Vitamin D And Tmprss2: Intersecting Pathways In Post-Covid-19 Alopecia

Abstract

Aim: Post-infectious hair loss has emerged as a notable sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Reports of increased telogen effluvium, androgenetic alopecia, and alopecia areata following COVID-19 suggest a multifactorial pathogenesis involving immunological and hormonal dysregulation.
Material and Methods: To review the mechanistic pathways linking COVID-19 infection with hair loss, with particular attention to the roles of cytokine-induced inflammation, androgen-regulated TMPRSS2 expression, and the potential protective function of vitamin D. A narrative literature review was conducted focusing on peer-reviewed publications discussing hair follicle biology, immune modulation, hormonal signaling, and viral entry mechanisms relevant to SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19-related alopecia is driven by (1) cytokine-mediated inflammation impairing follicular immune privilege, (2) androgen-enhanced
Results: TMPRSS2 expression facilitating viral entry into follicular cells, and (3) direct follicular injury by the virus. Vitamin D exhibits immunoregulatory and anti-androgenic properties, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and downregulating TMPRSS2 expression, thus potentially mitigating both viral invasion and autoimmune hair loss.
Conclusion: Vitamin D may offer a dual-action strategy in preventing or reducing post-COVID-19 hair loss. Its role in suppressing inflammatory cascades and TMPRSS2 expression warrants further investigation through clinical and translational research.

Keywords

Covid 19 , TMPRSS2 , Vitamin D , Alopecia , Hair

Ethical Statement

This study that does not require ethics committee approval because it’s a review article.

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