Research Article

Guideline Concordance and Safety of AI Chatbots for Circumcision Anesthesia: A Comparative Study

Volume: 16 Number: 2 March 27, 2026
TR EN

Guideline Concordance and Safety of AI Chatbots for Circumcision Anesthesia: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Background Public interest in the use of anesthesia during circumcision has increased, yet the reliability of freely available artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots in addressing such medical questions remains unclear. This study aimed to comparatively assess the accuracy, safety, and citation reliability of three widely used AI chatbots—ChatGPT, Gemini, and DeepSeek—when responding to common public queries related to circumcision anesthesia. Methods Five high-interest questions were derived from global Google Trends data and submitted to each chatbot using two different input formats: unstructured lay-language queries and structured prompts explicitly based on current clinical guidelines. All generated responses were independently reviewed by a urologist and an anesthesiologist and scored for guideline concordance, citation accuracy, and the presence of potentially harmful information. Results Across both query formats, DeepSeek produced responses that were more closely aligned with established guidelines compared with ChatGPT and Gemini (P<0.05). Under structured prompting, DeepSeek also demonstrated higher citation accuracy than ChatGPT (P=0.049). Importantly, none of the evaluated responses contained advice deemed unsafe or clinically harmful. The use of structured, guideline-oriented prompts was associated with a consistent improvement in response quality across all evaluated AI platforms. Conclusion Freely accessible AI chatbots show heterogeneous performance in providing information on circumcision anesthesia. Although these systems may offer supplementary educational value, their outputs vary in reliability and should be interpreted with caution. Expert clinical oversight remains essential to ensure patient safety and adherence to evidence-based guidelines.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Ethics approval was not required for this study in accordance with institutional and journal policies, as no human participants, patient-level data, biological materials, or interventions were involved. The study exclusively analyzed publicly available Google Trends search data and AI-generated textual outputs, all of which are anonymous, non-identifiable, and freely accessible. No personal or sensitive information was collected or processed at any stage of the study.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pediatric Urology, Anaesthesiology, Urology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

March 27, 2026

Submission Date

January 30, 2026

Acceptance Date

March 2, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 16 Number: 2

APA
Şahin, A. T., & Yorulmaz, E. M. (2026). Guideline Concordance and Safety of AI Chatbots for Circumcision Anesthesia: A Comparative Study. Journal of Contemporary Medicine, 16(2), 109-115. https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1878107
AMA
1.Şahin AT, Yorulmaz EM. Guideline Concordance and Safety of AI Chatbots for Circumcision Anesthesia: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Med. 2026;16(2):109-115. doi:10.16899/jcm.1878107
Chicago
Şahin, Ahmet Tuğrul, and Enis Mert Yorulmaz. 2026. “Guideline Concordance and Safety of AI Chatbots for Circumcision Anesthesia: A Comparative Study”. Journal of Contemporary Medicine 16 (2): 109-15. https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1878107.
EndNote
Şahin AT, Yorulmaz EM (March 1, 2026) Guideline Concordance and Safety of AI Chatbots for Circumcision Anesthesia: A Comparative Study. Journal of Contemporary Medicine 16 2 109–115.
IEEE
[1]A. T. Şahin and E. M. Yorulmaz, “Guideline Concordance and Safety of AI Chatbots for Circumcision Anesthesia: A Comparative Study”, J Contemp Med, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 109–115, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.16899/jcm.1878107.
ISNAD
Şahin, Ahmet Tuğrul - Yorulmaz, Enis Mert. “Guideline Concordance and Safety of AI Chatbots for Circumcision Anesthesia: A Comparative Study”. Journal of Contemporary Medicine 16/2 (March 1, 2026): 109-115. https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1878107.
JAMA
1.Şahin AT, Yorulmaz EM. Guideline Concordance and Safety of AI Chatbots for Circumcision Anesthesia: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Med. 2026;16:109–115.
MLA
Şahin, Ahmet Tuğrul, and Enis Mert Yorulmaz. “Guideline Concordance and Safety of AI Chatbots for Circumcision Anesthesia: A Comparative Study”. Journal of Contemporary Medicine, vol. 16, no. 2, Mar. 2026, pp. 109-15, doi:10.16899/jcm.1878107.
Vancouver
1.Ahmet Tuğrul Şahin, Enis Mert Yorulmaz. Guideline Concordance and Safety of AI Chatbots for Circumcision Anesthesia: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Med. 2026 Mar. 1;16(2):109-15. doi:10.16899/jcm.1878107