Böbrek ve Üriner Sistemin Doğumsal Anomalileri: 806 Olgunun Analizi

Abstract

Öz

Amaç:Böbrek ve üriner sistemin doğumsal anomalileri (BÜSDA) tanımı, konjenital yapısal anomaliler kullanılan bir terimdir. Prenatal ultrasonografinin yaygın kullanıma girmesiyle BÜSDA, çocuk nefroloji ve üroloji vizitlerinin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Bu retrospektif çalışmada, BÜSDA tanısı ile takip edilen hastaların analizi ve bu hastalardaki renal hasar varlığı araştırılmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Kliniğimizde 2012-2018 yılları arasında BÜSDA tanısı ile takip edilen hastaların dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Birden fazla anomalisi olanlar (sendromik olgular vb.) çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Dosyalardan antenatal tanı varlığı, yaş, cinsiyet, görüntüleme ve sintigrafi sonuçları kaydedildi. Ultrasonografi ile takip edilen hastalarda gerektiğinde işeme sistoüretrografisi (İSUG) ve dimerkaptosüksinik asit (DMSA) sintigrafisi kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya 572 erkek (%71) ve 234 kız (%29) olmak üzere toplam 806 hasta dahil edildi. Ortanca yaş 2 ay ve ortanca takip süresi 16 ay olarak bulundu. Hastaların 503’ünde (%62.4) antenatal tanı mevcuttu ve 29 hastada (%3.6) prematür doğum öyküsü mevcuttu. Üst üriner sistemde en sık görülen anomaliler sırasıyla izole hidronefroz (%58.2), ektopik böbrek (%7.8) ve at nalı böbrek (%6.7) idi. Alt üriner sistemde ise konjenital vezikoüreteral reflü (%10.9) ve megaüreterdi (%1.6). Hastalardan 75 olguda (%9.3) renal skar, 53 olguda ise (%6.6) renal hipodisplazi saptandı.

Tartışma: BÜSDA’nın prenatal tanısı renal fonksiyon kaybına neden olabilecek problemlerin erken dönemde tanınması şanısını artırmaktadır. Buna rağmen hastaların ¼’ünden fazlası uzun dönemde tanı almadan kalmaktadır. BÜSDA’lı çocuklar için, uygun tanı ve tedavi ile renal hasarın ilerlemesini önlenmesi gereklidir. 

Keywords

• BÜSDA,konjenital,anomali,üriner sistem

Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and the Urinary Tract: Analysis of 806 Cases

Abstract

Objective

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and the urinary tract (CAKUT) is a term used for a broad spectrum of congenital structural anomalies. After implementation of prenatal ultrasonography, CAKUT became an important part of pediatric nephrology and urology visits. The aim of this retrospective study is to analyze the outcomes as well as prevelance of renal damage in this group of patients.

Material and Methods

Patients diagnosed with CAKUT between 2012 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with multiple anomalies (i.e.syndromes) were excluded. Presence of antenatal diagnosis, patient age, gender, imaging studies and scintigraphy results were noted. Ultrasonography was used for follow-up imaging, in addition to VCUG and DMSA when needed.

Results

There were 806 patients in our cohort (572 males and 234 females, 71% vs. 29%). Median age was 2 and median follow-up period was 16 months. Only 3.6% of the patients were prematurely born where antenatal diagnosis was present in 503 patients (62.4%). Most common anomalies in the upper urinary tract were isolated hydronephrosis (58.2%), ectopic kidney (7.8%) and horseshoe kidney (6.7%), respectively. On the other hand, VUR (10.9%) was the most common abnormality of the lower urinary tract. Renal scarring was observed in 75 patients (9.3%) while renal hypodysplasia was present in 53 patients (6.6%).

Conclusions

Prenatal diagnosis of CAKUT has increased early diagnosis of problems that may lead to renal function loss. For children with CAKUT, proper diagnosis and follow-up is necessary in order to prevent renal deterioration.

Keywords

• CAKUT,congenital,anomaly,urinary system

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