Evaluation of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A, Measles, Rubella, Mumps and Varicella Antibody Seroprevalences in Vocational School of Health Students

Year 2020, , 201 - 206, 25.06.2020

Aysun Kara Uzun

https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.718639

Abstract

Objective: In the present study, we investigated the seroprevalence of antibodies against hepatitis B, hepatitis A, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella viruses in adolescent students of a Vocational School of Health and aimed to contribute to the future studies intended to increase the vaccination rates of adolescent and health care workers in our country. Material and Method: Ninety-five students of the Vocational School of Health screened for hepatitis B, hepatitis A, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella who were referred to the vaccination unit of our hospital were included in this study. Results: The mean age of the students was 16.4±0.7 years (14- 18 years), 63.2% are girls, 36.8% are boys. None of the students received hepatitis A vaccine and varicella vaccine before. Of all the students, 16.9% tested positive for hepatitis B surface antibody, 8.4% tested positive for hepatitis A IgG, 77.9% tested positive for measles IgG, 92.3% tested positive for mumps IgG, 93% tested positive for rubella IgG and 88.5% tested positive for varicella IgG. Conclusion: In the present study, it was concluded that catch-up vaccination seems necessary for hepatitis A and varicella because contracting these two infections in this age group increases the complication risk caused by the high seronegativity of hepatitis A and the high incidence of natural varicella infection. Conducting similar studies for adolescents and healthcare providers in our country is important to determine pre-contact and post-contact strategies, assess cost-effectiveness of pre-vaccination serology and establish screening and immunization programs.

Keywords

adolescent, health care workers, seroprevalence, vaccination

References

• References Referans1. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health, Health Statistics Yearbook 2016. Editors: Başara BB, Soytutan Cağlar I, Ozdemir TA, Güler C, Authors: Köse MR, Başara BB, Soytutan Cağlar I, et al., Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health General directorate of Health Research:SB-SAGEM-2017/5,Ankara2017.Available from: https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/13160,sy2016enpdf.pdf?0. Accessed February 5, 2020
• Referans2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National and state vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13-17 years United States, 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2013;62(34):685-693.
• Referans3. Bernstein HH, Joseph A. Bocchini JA. The need to optimize adolescen immunization. Pediatrics 2017;139(3):1-17.
• Referans 4. Devrim İ, Ceyhan M. Adolesan dönemde aşılama. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr Sci 2006;2(7):86-88.
• Referans5. Baysal SU, Şahin F, Kondolot M, et al. Türkiye Milli Pediatri Derneği ve Yandal Dernekleri İşbirliği ile Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıklarında Tanı ve Tedavi kılavuzları (2), Türkiye Milli Pediatri Derneği Sosyal Pediatri Derneği Ortak Kılavuzu; November, 2014. Available from: https://millipediatri.org.tr/Custom/Upload/files/kilavuzlar/kilavuz-2.pdf. Accessed February 6, 2020
• Referans6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Recommended imunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger, United States, 2020. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html. Accessed February 6, 2020
• Referans7. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü, Genişletilmiş Bağışıklama Programı Genelgesi, 25.02.2008 6111, Genelge 2008/14. Available from: https://dosyasb.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/1117,gbpgenelge2008pdf.pdf?0. Accessed February 15, 2020
• Referans8. Maltezou HC, Wicker S, Borg M, et al. Vaccination policies for health-care workers in acute health-care facilities in Europe. Vaccine 2011;29(51):9557-62.
• Referans9. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Immunization of health-care personnel: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 2011;60(RR-7):1.
• Referans10. American Academy of Pediatrics. Health care personnel. In: Red Book: 2009 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 28th Edition, Pickering LK (Ed), American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL 2009. p.94.
• Referans11. Alp E, Cevahir F, Gokahmetoglu S, Demiraslan H, Doganay M. Prevaccination screening of health-care workers for immunity to measles, rubella, mumps, and varicella in a developing country: what do we save? J Infect Public Health 2012;5(2):127-132.
• Referans12. Fedeli U, Zanetti C, Saia B. Susceptibility of healthcare workers to measles, mumps rubella and varicella. J Hosp Infect 2002;51(2):133-135.
• Referans13. Guthmann JP, Fonteneau L, Ciotti C, et al. Vaccination coverage of health care personnel working in health care facilities in France: results of a national survey, 2009. Vaccine 2012;30(31):4648-54.
• Referans14. Behre U, Bleckmann G, Crasta PD, Leyssen M, Messier M, Jacquet JM. Long-term anti-HBs antibody persistence and immune memory in children and adolescents who received routine childhood hepatitis B vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012;8(6):813-8.
• Referans15. Fitz Simons D, François G, Hall A, McMahon B, Meheus A, Zanetti A. Long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine, booster policy, and impact of hepatitis B virus mutants. Vaccine 2005;23(32):4158-66.
• Referans16. West DJ, Calandra GB. Vaccine induced immunologic memory for hepatitis B surface antigen: Implications for policy on booster vaccination. Vaccine 1996;1411():1019-27.
• Referans17. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/hepb.html. Accessed February 6, 2020
• Referans18. Gara N, Abdalla A, Rivera E, et al. Durability of antibody response against hepatitis B virus in healthcare workers vaccinated as adults. Clin Infect Dis 2015;60(4):505.
• Referans19. İnci M, Aksebzeci AT, Yağmur G, Kartal B, Emiroğlu M, Erdem Y. Hastane çalışanlarında HBV, HCV ve HIV seropozitifliğinin araştırılması. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 2009;66(2):59-66.
• Referans20. Slusarczyk J, Małkowski P, Bobilewicz D, Juszczyk G. Crosssectional, anonymous screening for asymptomatic HCV infection, immunity to HBV, and occult HBV infection among health care workers in Warsaw, Poland. Przegl Epidemiol 2012;66(3):445-451.
• Referans21. Papaevangelou GJ, Roumeliotou Karayannis AJ, Contoyannis PC. The risk of nosocomial hepatitis A and B virus infections from patients under care without isolation precaution. J Med Virol 1981;7(2):143-148.
• Referans22. Tosun S, Yıldız O, Tekinkoruk S, et al. Kronik HBV ve HCV Olgularının HAV ile Karşılaşma Durumlarını Yeterince Değerlendiriyor muyuz? XI. Ulusal Viral Hepatit Kongre Kitabı. Antalya; 12-15 April, 2012;80-81.
• Referans23. Lemon SM, Ott JJ, Van Damme P, Shouval D. Type A viral hepatitis: A summary and update on the molecular virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention. J Hepatol 2017;68(1):167-184.
• Referans24. Williams WW, Preblud SR, Reichelderfer PS, Hadler SC. Vaccines of importance in the hospital setting. Problems and developments. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1989;3(4):701.
• Referans25.Bolyard EA, Tablan OC, Williams WW, et al. Guideline for infection control in healthcare personnel, 1998. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998;19(6):407
• Referans26.Gustafson TL, Lieens AW, Brunell PA, et al. Measles outb¬reak in a fully immunized secondary-school population. N Engl J Med 1987;316(13):771-774.
• Referans27.Kanbur NO, Derman O, Kutluk T. Age-specific mumps seroprevalence of an unvaccinated population of adolescents in Ankara, Turkey. Jpn J Infect Dis 2003;56(5-6):213-215.
• Referans28. Egemen A, Aksit S, Ozacar T, et al. Measles seroprevalence in Izmir with special emphasis on measles vaccination policy for Turkey. Pediatr Int 2001;43(4):379-384.
• Referans29. Akşit S, Egemen A, Özacar T, et al. Rubella seroprevalence in an unvaccinated population in İzmir: recommendations for rubella vaccination in Turkey. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999;18(7):577-580.
• Referans30. Gershon AA. Rubella virus (German measles). In: Mandell GL, Benett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1995. p. 1459-65.
• Referans31. Danovaro-Holliday MC,Gordon EJ, Jumaan AO, et al. High rate of varicella complications among Mexican-born adults in Alabama. Clin Infect Dis 2004;39(11):1633-9.
• Referans32. Immunization of health-care workers: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC). MMWR Recomm Rep 1997;46(RR-18):1.
• Referans33. Nettleman MD, Schmid M. Controlling varicella in the healthcare setting: the cost effectiveness of using varicella vaccine in healthcare workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1997;18(7):504-508.
• Referans34. Ronan K, Wallace MR. The utility of serologic testing for varicella in an adolescent population. Vaccine 2001;19(32):4700-2.