The Attitudes and Awareness of Urinary Bladder Cancer Patients about the Relationship Between Their Tumoral Diseases and Tobacco Exposure

Abstract

Aim: To investigate the urinary bladder cancer (UBC) patients about their smoking behaviors and to find out the answer for their attitudes and awareness of the exposure cancer relationship. Material and methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted between January 2018- December 2019. Results: One hundred seventy- nine histopathologically proven UBC patients were included . The majority of patients (57.1%) attempt to quit smoking before diagnosis. 42.9 %of them quitted during diagnostic procedures or after being diagnosed as cancer. No significant relationship was found between the smoking status and recurrence of the primary tumoral disease. The grade of the primary tumor and chemotherapy applications did not affect the smoking status of the patients (p=0.521 and p=0.949 respectively). When the awareness about their smoking behavior which was one of the major causes for their bladder cancer was asked; 60 % of the participants were absolutely not aware. When the main reason for smoking cessation was asked, the positive influence and strong advice of healthcare professionals for quit smoking were the most important factor for the patients. However, either gradually worsening quality of life or suffering from serious respiratory illnesses (COPD, asthma ) were not the major factors to quit smoking. Conclusions: Majority of the patients didn’t have any or particularly had idea about the relationship between smoking and urothelial cancers. Among the patients who had harm perception of smoking on their tumoral diseases, majority didn’t believe that quitting would be beneficial after being diagnosed as cancer. Key words: Awareness ,knowledge , urinary bladder cancer,tobacco smoking

Keywords

• Awareness
• knowledge
• urinary bladder cancer

Ürotelyal Kanserli Hastalarda Hastalıklarının Tütün Dumanına Maruziyeti İle İlişkisi Konusunda Tutum ve Farkındalıklarının Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Ürotelyal kanser hastalarında tütün maruziyet durumunun,primer hastalıkları ile bu maruziyet ilişkisi konusunda bilgi vefarkındalıklarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı .
Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2018-Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında kesitsel çalışma olarak yapıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya histopatiolojik olarak kesin tanı almış 179 hastadahil edildi. Hastaların çoğunluğu (%57,1) tanıdan önce sigarayı bırakma girişiminde bulunmuşlardı. %42,9‘u ise tanısal işlemler sırasında veya kanser tanısı aldıktan sonra sigarayı bırakmışlardı. Sigara içme durumları ve hastalık rekürrensleri arasında belirgin bir ilişki bulunmadı.Primer tümörün diferensiyasyon derecesi ve kemoterapi uygulamaları hastaların sigara içme durumlarını etkilememişti (sırasıyla p=0,521 and p=0,949). Mesane kanseri etyolojisinin major etkenlerinden biri olarak sigara içimi konusundaki farkındalıkları sorgulandığında katılımcıların %60’ı mutlak olarak farkında değildi. Sigarayı bırakmadaki ana nedenleri sağlık çalışanlarının pozitif etkileri
ve kuvvetli önerileri en önemli faktördü. Ancak ne giderek bozulan yaşam kaliteleri ne de ciddi solunumsal hastalık varlığı ( KOAH, astım ) varlığı major bir sigara bırakma nedeni olamamıştı.
Sonuç: Hastaların çoğunluğu sigara ve ürotelyal tümör ilişkisinden hiçbir şekilde bilgiye sahip değildi veya kısmen bilgi sahibiydi..Tümoral hastalıklarında sigaranın etkisi olduğu konusunda zarar algısı olan hastaların çoğunluğu ise kanser tanısı aldıktan sonra bırakmanın bir faydası olmayacağına inanıyordu

Keywords

• Farkındalık
• bilgi
• mesane kanseri
• tütün içimi

References

1. Reference1. Miyazaki J, Nishiyama H. Epidemiology of urothelial carcinoma. Int J Urol. 2017 Oct;24(10):730-734. doi: 10.1111/iju.13376.
2. Reference2. Murta NC, Schmitz BJ, Zeegers MP, et al. Epidemiology of urinary bladder cancer: from tumor development to patient's death. World J Urol. 2007 ;25(3):285-95. doi: 10.1007/s00345-007-0168-5.
3. Reference3. Emilio S, Luigi V, Riccardo B, et al. Lifestyle in urology. Cancer. Urologia. 2019 ;86(3):105-114. doi: 10.1177/0391560319846012.
4. Reference4. Baris D, Karagas MR, Verrill C, et al. A case-control study of smoking and bladder cancer risk: Emergent patterns over time. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009; 101: 1553-1561. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djp361.
5. Reference5. Brennan P, Bogillot O, Cordier S, et al.Cigarette smoking and bladder cancer in men: A pooled analysis of 11 case-control studies. Int J Cancer 2000; 86: 289-294.
6. Reference6. Chen CH, Shun CT, Huang KH, et al. Stopping smoking might reduce tumour recurrence in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. BJU Int 2007; 100: 281-286 . doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(20000415)86:2<289::aid-ijc21>3.0.co;2-m.
7. Reference7. Jiang X1, Yuan JM, Skipper PL, et al. Environmental tobacco smoke and bladder cancer risk in never smokers of Los Angeles County. Cancer Res 2007; 67: 7540-7545 , doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-0048
8. Reference8. May M, Fritsche HM, Gilfrich C, et al.What do patients with urothelial cancer know about the association of their tumor disease with smoking habits? Results of a German survey study. Investig Clin Urol. 2018;59(2):91-97. doi: 10.4111/icu.2018.59.2.91.

9. Reference9. Babjuk M, Burger M, Compérat EM, et al.European Association of Urology Guidelines on Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (TaT1 and Carcinoma In Situ) - 2019 Update. Eur Urol. 2019 ;76(5):639-657. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.08.016.
10. Reference10. Rouprêt M, Babjuk M, Compérat E, et al. European Association of Urology Guidelines on Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma: 2017 Update. Eur Urol. 2018 ;73(1):111-122. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.07.036
11. Reference11. Hagiwara M, Kikuchi E, Tanaka N, et al. .Impact of smoking status on bladder tumor recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. J Urol. 2013 ;189(6):2062-8. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.01.024.
12. Reference12. Wilcox AN, Silverman DT, Friesen MC, et al.Smoking status, usual adult occupation, and risk of recurrent urothelial bladder carcinoma: data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Project. Cancer Causes Control. 2016 Dec;27(12):1429-1435. doi: 10.1007/s10552-016-0821-7.
13. Reference13. Sfakianos JP, Shariat SF, Favaretto RL, et al. Impact of smoking on outcomes after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy for urothelial carcinoma not invading muscle of the bladder. BJU Int. 2011 Aug;108(4):526-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09874.x.
14. Reference14. H, Kikuchi E, Hagiwara M, et al. Urinary pH Levels are Strongly Associated with Bladder Recurrence After Nephroureterectomy in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Patients with a Smoking History. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016 ;23(Suppl 5):1029-1038. doi: 10.1245/s10434-016-5555-y.
15. Reference15. Lee AS, Ozakinci G, Leung S, et al. Lifestyle change in the cancer setting using 'the teachable moment': protocol for a proof-of-concept pilot in a urology service. Pilot Feasibility Stud. 2016;21;2:65. doi: 10.1186/s40814-016-0102-y. eCollection 2016
16. Reference16.May M, Gilfrich C, Spachmann P, et al. What do prostate cancer patients know about smoking? Results of a bicentric questionnaire study (KRAUT study)). Urologe A. 2016 ;55(8):1078-85. doi: 10.1007/s00120-016-0165-7.
17. Reference17. Hyndman K, Thomas RE, Schira HR, et al. Effectiveness of Tobacco Dependence Education in Health Professional Students' Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Oct 28;16(21). pii: E4158. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16214158.
18. Reference18. Gray JL, Maghlouth AA, Hussain HA, et al. Impact of oral and oropharyngeal cancer diagnosis on smoking cessation patients and cohabiting smokers. Tob Induc Dis. 2019 Nov 1;17:75. doi: 10.18332/tid/109413. eCollection 2019.
19. Reference19. Westhoff E, Neumayer J, Aben KK, et al. Low awareness of risk factors among bladder cancer survivors: New evidence and a literature overview. Eur J Cancer. 2016 Jun 60:136-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.03.071. Epub 2016 Apr 25.