Research Article
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Comparison of Potassium Citrate and Magnesium Treatments in Pedaitric Patients with Urolithiasis

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 400 - 402, 31.12.2019

Abstract

Abstract

Background/Aims:

Calcium stones are the most common stones observed in
pediatric population and they are generally a consequence of an underlying
metabolic problem. Potassium citrate is the standard treatment for pediatric
calcium stone formers. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of oral
magnessium added to potassium citrate treatment for pediatric urolithiasis
patients who have hipomagnesuria in addition to
hipercalciuria/hiperoxaluria/hipocitraturia.

Methods:

Retrospective chart review was conducted for pediatric
patients with urolithiasis. Patiens identified with hipomagnesuria in addition
to 
hipercalciuria/hiperoxaluria/hipocitraturia
(one or more) were included.Hiperuricosuria, primary hiperoxaluria, sistinuria
and patients with stones 
≤3 mm as well as under 2 years of
age were excluded. Outcomes related to urinary stone disease such as stone
size, spontaneous passage and duration of treatment were compared between
patients receiving potassium citrate only versus potassium citrate and
magnesium 

Results:

There were 14 patients in
potassium citrate arm (group 1) while there were 15 patients who received
potassium citrate and magnesium (group II). There were 9 girls and 5 boys with
mean age of
9.3±4.3
years and there were 7 girls and 8 boys with a mean age of 7.0±3.9 in group II.
No difference wasa observed in terms of gender and age (p˃0.05). There was no
statistically significant difference between grooups with regard to duration of
treatment (group I,
3.2±1.2 months vs. group II, 3.1±1.4 months,
p=0.872). Mean stone size before treatment was
5.2±1.6 mm in group I and 5.1±0.9 mm in group II.
Mean stone size after treatment was
3.4±1.3 mm in group I while it was 4.6±1.6 mm in group II showing
no difference between pre and post treatment. Spontaneous stone passage was
observedin 2 patiens (14.3%) in group I whereas urinary Stones were spontaneous
passed in 5 patients (33.3%) in group II. However, it did not reach to
statistically significant level between groups.

 

Conclusions: 



















Treatment of hipomagnesuria
with oral magnesium in pediatric patients with hipomagnesuria in addition to
hypercalciuria/hyperoxaluria/hypocitraturia
does not change the outcomes in short term.

References

  • 1. Sas DJ. An update on the changing epidemiology and metabolic risk factors in pediatric kidney stone disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011;6:2062-8
  • .2. Elmaci AM, Ece A, Akin F. Pediatric urolithiasis: metabolic risk factors and follow-up results in a Turkish region with endemic stone disease. Urolithiasis 2014;42:421-6
  • 3. Lopez M, Hoppe B. History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis. Pediatr Nephrol 2010;25:49-59.
  • 4. Tekin A, Tekgul S, Atsu N, Sahin A, Ozen H, Bakkaloglu M. A study of the etiology of idiopathic calcium urolithiasis in children: hypocitruria is the most important risk factor. The Journal of urology 2000;164:162-5.
  • 5. Hoppe B, Kemper MJ. Diagnostic examination of the child with urolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis. Pediatr Nephrol 2010;25:403-13.
  • 6. Alon US. Medical treatment of pediatric urolithiasis. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24:2129-35
  • .7. Tefekli A, Esen T, Ziylan O, et al. Metabolic risk factors in pediatric and adult calcium oxalate urinary stone formers: is there any difference? Urol Int 2003;70:273-7.
  • 8. Kato Y, Yamaguchi S, Yachiku S, et al. Changes in urinary parameters after oral administration of potassium-sodium citrate and magnesium oxide to prevent urolithiasis. Urology 2004;63:7-11; discussion -2.
  • 9. Habbig S, Beck BB, Hoppe B. Nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis in children. Kidney Int 2011;80:1278-91.
  • 10. Kovacevic L, Wolfe-Christensen C, Edwards L, Sadaps M, Lakshmanan Y. From hypercalciuria to hypocitraturia--a shifting trend in pediatric urolithiasis? The Journal of urology 2012;188:1623-7.
  • 11. Sikora P, Zajaczkowska M, Hoppe B. Assessment of crystallization risk formulas in pediatric calcium stone-formers. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24:1997-2003.
  • 12. Ettinger B, Citron JT, Livermore B, Dolman LI. Chlorthalidone reduces calcium oxalate calculous recurrence but magnesium hydroxide does not. The Journal of urology 1988;139:679-84.

Pediatrik Kalsiyum Taşlarında Potasyum Sitrat ve Potasyum Sitrat/Magnezyum Tedavilerinin Karşılaştırılması

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 400 - 402, 31.12.2019

Abstract

Özet

Giriş:

Çocukluk çağı taş hastalığında en sık
görülen taş tipi kalsiyum taşlarıdır ve genellikle altta yatan metabolik bir
anormalliğe bağlı görülür. Kalsiyum taşlarının tedavisinde potasyum sitrat sık
kullanılan bir tedavi seçeneğidir. Bu çalışmada kalsiyum taşı tanısı ile takip
edilen ve hiperkalsiüri/hiperokzalüri/hipositratüriye ek olarak hipomagnezürisi
çocuklarda potasyum sitrat tedavisi ile potasyum sitrat ve magnezyum
kombinasyonunun etkinliği araştırılmıştır.

Metod:

Kliniğimizde üriner sistem taş
hastalığı tanısı ile takip edilen hasta dosyaları geriye dönük incelendi. Metabolik
taramada hiperkalsiüri/hiperokzalüri/hipositratüri (biri veya birden fazlası)
anormalliklerine ek olarak hipomagnezüri saptanan hastalar çalışmaya dahil
edildi. Hiperürikozüri, primer hiperokzalüri, sistinüri ile başlangıç taş
boyutu ≤3 mm ve 2 yaşın altında olan hastalar çalışma dışı bırakıldı. Tedavide
sadece potasyum sitrat kullanan grup ile potasyum sitrata ek olarak magnezyum
tedavisi ilave edilen grup arasında tedavi öncesi ve sonrası taş boyutları, taş
düşürme oranları ve tedavi süreleri karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular:

Çalışmaya potasyum sitrat kullanan 14
hasta (grup I) ile potasyum sitrat ve magnezyum kullanan 15 hasta (grup II)
olmak üzere toplam 29 hasta alındı. Grup I’de 9 kız ve 5 erkek, (yaş ortalaması
9.3±4.3 yıl), grup II’de ise 7 kız ve 8 erkek (yaş ortalaması 7.0±3.9 yıl)
mevcuttu. Her iki grupta yaş ve cinsiyet açısından fark yoktu (p˃0.05). Tedavi
süreleri açısından iki grup arasında fark bulunmadı (grup I,
3.2±1.2 ay vs.
grup 2, 3.1±1.4 ay, p=0.872).
Tedavi öncesi taş boyutları grup I’de ortalama 5.2±1.6 mm, grup
II’de 5.1±0.9 mm iken, tedavi sonrası grup I’de 3.4±1.3 mm, grup II’de 4.6±1.6
mm idi. Tedavi sonrası taş düşürme grup I’de 2 hastada (%14.3), grup II’de ise
5 hastada (%33.3) gözlendi. Tedavi öncesi ve sonrası taş boyutları ile taş
düşürme oranları açısından her iki grupta anlamlı fark saptanmadı.

Sonuç:

















Kalsiyum taşlarında risk faktörlerine eşlik eden hipomagnezürinin
tedavi edilmesi kısa dönemde çocukluk çağı taş hastalığında etkili
bulunmamıştır.

References

  • 1. Sas DJ. An update on the changing epidemiology and metabolic risk factors in pediatric kidney stone disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2011;6:2062-8
  • .2. Elmaci AM, Ece A, Akin F. Pediatric urolithiasis: metabolic risk factors and follow-up results in a Turkish region with endemic stone disease. Urolithiasis 2014;42:421-6
  • 3. Lopez M, Hoppe B. History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis. Pediatr Nephrol 2010;25:49-59.
  • 4. Tekin A, Tekgul S, Atsu N, Sahin A, Ozen H, Bakkaloglu M. A study of the etiology of idiopathic calcium urolithiasis in children: hypocitruria is the most important risk factor. The Journal of urology 2000;164:162-5.
  • 5. Hoppe B, Kemper MJ. Diagnostic examination of the child with urolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis. Pediatr Nephrol 2010;25:403-13.
  • 6. Alon US. Medical treatment of pediatric urolithiasis. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24:2129-35
  • .7. Tefekli A, Esen T, Ziylan O, et al. Metabolic risk factors in pediatric and adult calcium oxalate urinary stone formers: is there any difference? Urol Int 2003;70:273-7.
  • 8. Kato Y, Yamaguchi S, Yachiku S, et al. Changes in urinary parameters after oral administration of potassium-sodium citrate and magnesium oxide to prevent urolithiasis. Urology 2004;63:7-11; discussion -2.
  • 9. Habbig S, Beck BB, Hoppe B. Nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis in children. Kidney Int 2011;80:1278-91.
  • 10. Kovacevic L, Wolfe-Christensen C, Edwards L, Sadaps M, Lakshmanan Y. From hypercalciuria to hypocitraturia--a shifting trend in pediatric urolithiasis? The Journal of urology 2012;188:1623-7.
  • 11. Sikora P, Zajaczkowska M, Hoppe B. Assessment of crystallization risk formulas in pediatric calcium stone-formers. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24:1997-2003.
  • 12. Ettinger B, Citron JT, Livermore B, Dolman LI. Chlorthalidone reduces calcium oxalate calculous recurrence but magnesium hydroxide does not. The Journal of urology 1988;139:679-84.
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Original Research
Authors

Muhammet İrfan Dönmez 0000-0002-2828-7942

Ahmet Midhat Elmacı This is me 0000-0002-4011-6919

Publication Date December 31, 2019
Acceptance Date December 9, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 9 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA Dönmez Mİ, Elmacı AM. Pediatrik Kalsiyum Taşlarında Potasyum Sitrat ve Potasyum Sitrat/Magnezyum Tedavilerinin Karşılaştırılması. J Contemp Med. December 2019;9(4):400-402. doi:10.16899/jcm.562741