Research Article
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Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: Special Issue, 10 - 15, 22.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.52876/jcs.1734468

Abstract

References

  • Yildirim, S., Demirtas, I., & Yildirim, D. C. (2022). A Review of Alternative Economic Approaches to Achieve Sustainable Development: The Rising Digitalization and Degrowth Post COVID-19. In R. Castanho (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Sustainable Development Goals, Climate Change, and Digitalization (288-307). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Öncü, M. A., Yıldırım, S., Bostancı, S., &Erdoğan, F. (2021). The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on health management and health services: A Case of Turkey”. Duzce Medical Journal, 23(Special Issue), 61-70.
  • Yıldırım, S., Bostancı, S.H., Yıldırım, D.Ç., & Erdoğan, F. (2021). Rethinking mobility of international university students during COVID-19 pandemic, Higher Education Evaluation and Development, 15(2), 98-113.
  • Yıldırım, S., Yıldırım, D. C., Erdoğan, S., Aydın, K., & Ektiren, B. (2025). The Role of Digitalization on the Way to Sustainable Future: Turkey Case. In R. Castanho (Ed.), Bridging Technology and Development for Sustainable Innovation and Geopolitical Dynamics (363-380). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
  • Yildirim, S. & Bostanci, S. H. (2022). Digital Transformation in Public Services: A Review of Turkey During the COVID-19 Pandemic. In E. Marchisio (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Applying Emerging Technologies Across Multiple Disciplines (30-54). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
  • Grand View Research, (n.d.). AI In Education Market Size, Share and Trends Analysis Report By Component (Solutions, Services), By Deployment, By Technology, By Application, By End-use, By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2022 - 2030, https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/artificial-intelligence-ai-education-market-report
  • Stryker, C. And Kavlakoglu, E. (n.d.). What is artificial intelligence (AI)?, https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/artificial-intelligence
  • Vargas-Murillo, A. R., la Asuncion Pari-Bedoya, N. M., & de Jesús Guevara-Soto, F. (2023). challenges and opportunities of AI-Assisted learning: A systematic literature review on the impact of ChatGPT usage in higher education, International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(7), 122-135.
  • Stöhr, C., Wanyu Ou, A., & Malmström, H. (2024). Perceptions and usage of AI chatbots among students in higher education across genders, academic levels and fields of study, Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, 100259.
  • Nurjanah, A., Nuraeni Salsabila, I., Azzahra, A., Rahayu, R., & Marlina, N., (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) usage in today’s teaching and learning process: A Review”, Syntax Idea, (6) 1.
  • Hamilton, I. (2024). Artificial Intelligence In Education: Teachers’ Opinions On AI In The Classroom, https://www.forbes.com/advisor/education/it-and-tech/artificial-intelligence-in-school/
  • Ayeni, O. O., Al Hamad, N. M., Chisom, O. N., Osawaru, B., & Adewusi, O. E. (2024). AI in education: A review of personalized learning and educational technology, GSC Advanced Research and Reviews (GSCARR), 18(02), 261–271.
  • Holmes, W., & Tuomi I. (2022). State of the art and practice in AI in education, European Journal of Education, 57, 542–570.
  • Yang, S. J. H. (2021). Guest editorial: Precision education - a new challenge for AI in education. Educational Technology & Society, 24 (1), 105–108.
  • Berendt, B., Littlejohn, A., and Blakemore, M. (2020). AI in education: learner choice and fundamental rights. Learning, Media and Technology, 45(3), 312–324.
  • AIPRM, (2025). AI in Education Statistics, https://www.aiprm.com/ai-in-education-statistics/
  • Zhai , X., Xiaoyan Chu , X.,Chai , C. S., Jong, M. S. Y., Istenic , A., Spector, M., Liu , J.B., Yuan, J., & Li, Y. (2021). A review of artificial intelligence (AI) in education from 2010 to 2020, Hindawi, Complexity.
  • Munde, S. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Education Market Research Report Information By Application (Content Delivery Systems), Source: https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/artificial-intelligence-education-market-6365?utm_term=&utm_campaign=&utm_source=adwords&utm_medium=ppc&hsa_acc=2893753364&hsa_cam=20298941735&hsa_grp=151951244833&hsa_ad=663291708226&hsa_src=g&hsa_tgt=dsa-2088470574940&hsa_kw=&hsa_mt=&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&gad_source=1
  • Bostancı, S. H., Yıldırım, S. & Yildirim, D. C. (2023). A study on next-generation digital tool for health data management: the e-Pulse portal, International Journal of Health Governance, 28(3), 238-248.
  • Yıldırım, S. (2021). Do green women influencers spur sustainable consumption patterns? Descriptive evidences from social media influencers, Ecofeminism and Climate Change , 2(4), 198-210.
  • Yıldırım, S. & Bostancı, S. H. (2021). The efficiency of e-government portal management from a citizen perspective: evidences from Turkey, World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 18(3), 259-273.
  • Vision Research Reports, (2023). AI In Education Market (By Component: Solutions, Services; By Deployment; By Technology; By Application; By End-use) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, Revenue, Regional Outlook and Forecast 2023-2032, https://www.visionresearchreports.com/ai-in-education-market/40114
  • Burmagina, K. (2025). ChatGPT Usage: Statistics and Facts, https://elfsight.com/blog/chatgpt-usage-statistics/#:~:text=From%20its%20inception%2C%20ChatGPT%20has,million%20ChatGPT%20weekly%20active%20users.
  • News Staff, (2023). Study: 30% of College Students Have Used ChatGPT for Essays https://www.govtech.com/education/higher-ed/study-30-of-college-students-have-used-chatgpt-for-essays
  • McClain, C. (2024). Americans’ use of ChatGPT is ticking up, but few trust its election information, https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/03/26/americans-use-of-chatgpt-is-ticking-up-but-few-trust-its-election-information/
  • Kelly, R. (2024). Survey: 86% of Students Already Use AI in Their Studies, https://campustechnology.com/articles/2024/08/28/survey-86-of-students-already-use-ai-in-their-studies.aspx
  • Beck, J., Stern, M., & Haugsjaa, E. (1996). Applications of AI in Education. XRDS: Crossroads”, The ACM Magazine for Students, 3, 11.
  • Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Review, in IEEE Access, 8, 75264-75278.
  • Borenstein, J. and Howard, A. (2021). Emerging challenges in AI and the need for AI ethics education, AI Ethics 1, 61–65.
  • Sandu, R., Gide, E., & Elkhodr, M. (2024). The role and impact of ChatGPT in educational practices: insights from an Australian higher education case study. Discov Educ 3(71).
  • Anokhina, H. (2025). AI-powered learning: key statistics on its growing impact, https://aristeksystems.com/blog/ai-powered-learning-key-statistics-on-its-growing-impact/
  • Alam, F., Lim, M. A., & Zulkipli, I. N., (2023). Integrating AI in medical education: embracing ethical usage and critical understanding, J Frontirs in Medicine, 10, 1-4.
  • Kohli, J. K., Raj, R., Rawat, N., Gupta, A., & Kumar, V. (2024). AI Empowered MOOCs Usage and Its Impact on Service Quality in Higher Education Institute in India, 2024 2nd International Conference on Device Intelligence, Computing and Communication Technologies (DICCT), Dehradun, India, 559-563.
  • Abbas, M., Jam, F. A., & Khan, T. I. (2024). Is it harmful or helpful? Examining the causes and consequences of generative AI usage among university students. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(1).
  • Valova, I., Mladenova, T., & Kanev, G. (2024). Students' perception of ChatGPT usage in education, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), 15(1).
  • Crompton, H., & Burke, D. (2023). Artificial intelligence in higher education: the state of the field. Int J Educ Technol High Educ 20, 22.
  • Al-Zahrani, A. M., & Alasmari, T. M. (2024). Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on higher education: The dynamics of ethical, social, and educational implications. Humanit Soc Sci Commun, 11, 912.
  • Moonpreneur (2023). Ai’s Negative And Positive Impact on Education Industry, https://moonpreneur.com/blog/ai-negative-and-positive-impact-on-education-industry/#:~:text=One%20of%20the%biggest%20concerns,teachers%2C%20resulting%20in%20job%20losses
  • AFRIKTA Team, (2023). 10 Negative Effects of Artificial Intelligence in Education, https://afrikta.com/10-negative-effects-of-artificial-intelligence-in-education/
  • Limna, Pongsakorn and Jakwatanatham, Somporch and Siripipattanakul, Sutithep and Kaewpuang, Pichart, & Sriboonruang, Patcharavadee, (2022). A Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education during the Digital Era (July 2022). Advance Knowledge for Executives, 1(1), 3, 1-9, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4160798
  • Duarte, F. (2025). Number of ChatGPT Users, (March 2025), https://explodingtopics.com/blog/chatgpt-users
  • Segbenya, M., Bervell, B., Frimpong-Manso, E., Otoo, I.O., Andzie, T.A., & Sampson Achina, S., (2023). Artificial intelligence in higher education: Modelling the antecedents of artificial intelligence usage and effects on 21st century employability skills among postgraduate students in Ghana, Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, Volume 5, 100188.
  • Kaledio, P. and Robert, A., & Frank, L., (2024). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Students' Learning Experience (February 1, 2024). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4716747
  • Dalalah, D., & Dalalah, O. M. A. (2023). The false positives and false negatives of generative AI detection tools in education and academic research: The case of ChatGPT, The International Journal of Management Education, 21(2),100822.
  • Gocen, A., & Aydemir, F. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education and schools, Research on Education and Media, 12(1), 13-21.
  • Chatterjee, S., & Bhattacharjee, K. K. (2020). Adoption of artificial intelligence in higher education: a quantitative analysis using structural equation modelling. Educ Inf Technol 25, 3443–3463.
  • Huang, X. (2021). Aims for cultivating students’ key competencies based on artificial intelligence education in China”. Educ Inf Technol 26, 5127–5147.
  • Friedrich, S., Antes, G., Behr, S., Binder, H., Brannath, W., Dumpert, F., Ickstadt, K., Kestler, H.A., Lederer, J., Letigöb, H., Pauly, M., Steland, A., Wilhelm, A. and Friede, T. (2022). Is there a role for statistics in artificial intelligence?. Adv Data Anal Classif 16, 823–846.
  • Awad, W., & Moosa, J. (2024). Implications of AI chatbots in education: challenges and solution, Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability, 13(2).

The Optimum Usage of Artificial Intelligence in the Education Sector: A Conceptual View

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: Special Issue, 10 - 15, 22.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.52876/jcs.1734468

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic created a leap in the world's digital transformation. Digital transformation in the field of education has brought many new applications and the usage of artificial intelligence (AI) has also increased rapidly among the education sector. At this point, this study aims to explore positive and negative sides of the usage of artificial intelligence in the education sector. Also, the optimum usage of AI in the education system will be discussed in this study. This study employs a qualitative research methodology to explore the optimum usage of artificial intelligence in the education sector. The study includes open access and available data and publications to review and analyze the usage of AI in the education sector.
The study evaluated two sides of artificial intelligence in the education sector. When considering the advantages of AI usage in the education sector, it is determined that the future of the education sector will probably include much more smart technology tools and AI-based systems in the future. On the other side, the disadvantages of AI usage in the education sector warn policymakers to be careful in employing smart technologies and AI-based systems in the education sector.

References

  • Yildirim, S., Demirtas, I., & Yildirim, D. C. (2022). A Review of Alternative Economic Approaches to Achieve Sustainable Development: The Rising Digitalization and Degrowth Post COVID-19. In R. Castanho (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Sustainable Development Goals, Climate Change, and Digitalization (288-307). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. Öncü, M. A., Yıldırım, S., Bostancı, S., &Erdoğan, F. (2021). The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on health management and health services: A Case of Turkey”. Duzce Medical Journal, 23(Special Issue), 61-70.
  • Yıldırım, S., Bostancı, S.H., Yıldırım, D.Ç., & Erdoğan, F. (2021). Rethinking mobility of international university students during COVID-19 pandemic, Higher Education Evaluation and Development, 15(2), 98-113.
  • Yıldırım, S., Yıldırım, D. C., Erdoğan, S., Aydın, K., & Ektiren, B. (2025). The Role of Digitalization on the Way to Sustainable Future: Turkey Case. In R. Castanho (Ed.), Bridging Technology and Development for Sustainable Innovation and Geopolitical Dynamics (363-380). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
  • Yildirim, S. & Bostanci, S. H. (2022). Digital Transformation in Public Services: A Review of Turkey During the COVID-19 Pandemic. In E. Marchisio (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Applying Emerging Technologies Across Multiple Disciplines (30-54). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.
  • Grand View Research, (n.d.). AI In Education Market Size, Share and Trends Analysis Report By Component (Solutions, Services), By Deployment, By Technology, By Application, By End-use, By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2022 - 2030, https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/artificial-intelligence-ai-education-market-report
  • Stryker, C. And Kavlakoglu, E. (n.d.). What is artificial intelligence (AI)?, https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/artificial-intelligence
  • Vargas-Murillo, A. R., la Asuncion Pari-Bedoya, N. M., & de Jesús Guevara-Soto, F. (2023). challenges and opportunities of AI-Assisted learning: A systematic literature review on the impact of ChatGPT usage in higher education, International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(7), 122-135.
  • Stöhr, C., Wanyu Ou, A., & Malmström, H. (2024). Perceptions and usage of AI chatbots among students in higher education across genders, academic levels and fields of study, Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, 100259.
  • Nurjanah, A., Nuraeni Salsabila, I., Azzahra, A., Rahayu, R., & Marlina, N., (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) usage in today’s teaching and learning process: A Review”, Syntax Idea, (6) 1.
  • Hamilton, I. (2024). Artificial Intelligence In Education: Teachers’ Opinions On AI In The Classroom, https://www.forbes.com/advisor/education/it-and-tech/artificial-intelligence-in-school/
  • Ayeni, O. O., Al Hamad, N. M., Chisom, O. N., Osawaru, B., & Adewusi, O. E. (2024). AI in education: A review of personalized learning and educational technology, GSC Advanced Research and Reviews (GSCARR), 18(02), 261–271.
  • Holmes, W., & Tuomi I. (2022). State of the art and practice in AI in education, European Journal of Education, 57, 542–570.
  • Yang, S. J. H. (2021). Guest editorial: Precision education - a new challenge for AI in education. Educational Technology & Society, 24 (1), 105–108.
  • Berendt, B., Littlejohn, A., and Blakemore, M. (2020). AI in education: learner choice and fundamental rights. Learning, Media and Technology, 45(3), 312–324.
  • AIPRM, (2025). AI in Education Statistics, https://www.aiprm.com/ai-in-education-statistics/
  • Zhai , X., Xiaoyan Chu , X.,Chai , C. S., Jong, M. S. Y., Istenic , A., Spector, M., Liu , J.B., Yuan, J., & Li, Y. (2021). A review of artificial intelligence (AI) in education from 2010 to 2020, Hindawi, Complexity.
  • Munde, S. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Education Market Research Report Information By Application (Content Delivery Systems), Source: https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/artificial-intelligence-education-market-6365?utm_term=&utm_campaign=&utm_source=adwords&utm_medium=ppc&hsa_acc=2893753364&hsa_cam=20298941735&hsa_grp=151951244833&hsa_ad=663291708226&hsa_src=g&hsa_tgt=dsa-2088470574940&hsa_kw=&hsa_mt=&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&gad_source=1
  • Bostancı, S. H., Yıldırım, S. & Yildirim, D. C. (2023). A study on next-generation digital tool for health data management: the e-Pulse portal, International Journal of Health Governance, 28(3), 238-248.
  • Yıldırım, S. (2021). Do green women influencers spur sustainable consumption patterns? Descriptive evidences from social media influencers, Ecofeminism and Climate Change , 2(4), 198-210.
  • Yıldırım, S. & Bostancı, S. H. (2021). The efficiency of e-government portal management from a citizen perspective: evidences from Turkey, World Journal of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development, 18(3), 259-273.
  • Vision Research Reports, (2023). AI In Education Market (By Component: Solutions, Services; By Deployment; By Technology; By Application; By End-use) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, Revenue, Regional Outlook and Forecast 2023-2032, https://www.visionresearchreports.com/ai-in-education-market/40114
  • Burmagina, K. (2025). ChatGPT Usage: Statistics and Facts, https://elfsight.com/blog/chatgpt-usage-statistics/#:~:text=From%20its%20inception%2C%20ChatGPT%20has,million%20ChatGPT%20weekly%20active%20users.
  • News Staff, (2023). Study: 30% of College Students Have Used ChatGPT for Essays https://www.govtech.com/education/higher-ed/study-30-of-college-students-have-used-chatgpt-for-essays
  • McClain, C. (2024). Americans’ use of ChatGPT is ticking up, but few trust its election information, https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/03/26/americans-use-of-chatgpt-is-ticking-up-but-few-trust-its-election-information/
  • Kelly, R. (2024). Survey: 86% of Students Already Use AI in Their Studies, https://campustechnology.com/articles/2024/08/28/survey-86-of-students-already-use-ai-in-their-studies.aspx
  • Beck, J., Stern, M., & Haugsjaa, E. (1996). Applications of AI in Education. XRDS: Crossroads”, The ACM Magazine for Students, 3, 11.
  • Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Review, in IEEE Access, 8, 75264-75278.
  • Borenstein, J. and Howard, A. (2021). Emerging challenges in AI and the need for AI ethics education, AI Ethics 1, 61–65.
  • Sandu, R., Gide, E., & Elkhodr, M. (2024). The role and impact of ChatGPT in educational practices: insights from an Australian higher education case study. Discov Educ 3(71).
  • Anokhina, H. (2025). AI-powered learning: key statistics on its growing impact, https://aristeksystems.com/blog/ai-powered-learning-key-statistics-on-its-growing-impact/
  • Alam, F., Lim, M. A., & Zulkipli, I. N., (2023). Integrating AI in medical education: embracing ethical usage and critical understanding, J Frontirs in Medicine, 10, 1-4.
  • Kohli, J. K., Raj, R., Rawat, N., Gupta, A., & Kumar, V. (2024). AI Empowered MOOCs Usage and Its Impact on Service Quality in Higher Education Institute in India, 2024 2nd International Conference on Device Intelligence, Computing and Communication Technologies (DICCT), Dehradun, India, 559-563.
  • Abbas, M., Jam, F. A., & Khan, T. I. (2024). Is it harmful or helpful? Examining the causes and consequences of generative AI usage among university students. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 21(1).
  • Valova, I., Mladenova, T., & Kanev, G. (2024). Students' perception of ChatGPT usage in education, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), 15(1).
  • Crompton, H., & Burke, D. (2023). Artificial intelligence in higher education: the state of the field. Int J Educ Technol High Educ 20, 22.
  • Al-Zahrani, A. M., & Alasmari, T. M. (2024). Exploring the impact of artificial intelligence on higher education: The dynamics of ethical, social, and educational implications. Humanit Soc Sci Commun, 11, 912.
  • Moonpreneur (2023). Ai’s Negative And Positive Impact on Education Industry, https://moonpreneur.com/blog/ai-negative-and-positive-impact-on-education-industry/#:~:text=One%20of%20the%biggest%20concerns,teachers%2C%20resulting%20in%20job%20losses
  • AFRIKTA Team, (2023). 10 Negative Effects of Artificial Intelligence in Education, https://afrikta.com/10-negative-effects-of-artificial-intelligence-in-education/
  • Limna, Pongsakorn and Jakwatanatham, Somporch and Siripipattanakul, Sutithep and Kaewpuang, Pichart, & Sriboonruang, Patcharavadee, (2022). A Review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Education during the Digital Era (July 2022). Advance Knowledge for Executives, 1(1), 3, 1-9, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4160798
  • Duarte, F. (2025). Number of ChatGPT Users, (March 2025), https://explodingtopics.com/blog/chatgpt-users
  • Segbenya, M., Bervell, B., Frimpong-Manso, E., Otoo, I.O., Andzie, T.A., & Sampson Achina, S., (2023). Artificial intelligence in higher education: Modelling the antecedents of artificial intelligence usage and effects on 21st century employability skills among postgraduate students in Ghana, Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, Volume 5, 100188.
  • Kaledio, P. and Robert, A., & Frank, L., (2024). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Students' Learning Experience (February 1, 2024). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4716747
  • Dalalah, D., & Dalalah, O. M. A. (2023). The false positives and false negatives of generative AI detection tools in education and academic research: The case of ChatGPT, The International Journal of Management Education, 21(2),100822.
  • Gocen, A., & Aydemir, F. (2020). Artificial intelligence in education and schools, Research on Education and Media, 12(1), 13-21.
  • Chatterjee, S., & Bhattacharjee, K. K. (2020). Adoption of artificial intelligence in higher education: a quantitative analysis using structural equation modelling. Educ Inf Technol 25, 3443–3463.
  • Huang, X. (2021). Aims for cultivating students’ key competencies based on artificial intelligence education in China”. Educ Inf Technol 26, 5127–5147.
  • Friedrich, S., Antes, G., Behr, S., Binder, H., Brannath, W., Dumpert, F., Ickstadt, K., Kestler, H.A., Lederer, J., Letigöb, H., Pauly, M., Steland, A., Wilhelm, A. and Friede, T. (2022). Is there a role for statistics in artificial intelligence?. Adv Data Anal Classif 16, 823–846.
  • Awad, W., & Moosa, J. (2024). Implications of AI chatbots in education: challenges and solution, Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability, 13(2).
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Artificial Intelligence (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Seda Yıldırım 0000-0003-4367-6652

Afzal Sayed Munna This is me 0000-0001-7302-8037

Giuseppe Cantafio This is me 0000-0001-5399-8300

Early Pub Date July 22, 2025
Publication Date July 22, 2025
Submission Date July 5, 2025
Acceptance Date July 20, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: Special Issue

Cite

APA Yıldırım, S., Munna, A. S., & Cantafio, G. (2025). The Optimum Usage of Artificial Intelligence in the Education Sector: A Conceptual View. The Journal of Cognitive Systems, 9(Special Issue), 10-15. https://doi.org/10.52876/jcs.1734468