İrlanda’da Gerçekleştirilen Avrupa Birliği Vatandaş diyalogları: Müzakereci Demokrasi Perspektifinden Politik Bir Analiz

Öz

Geç modern dönemin yaygın karar alma formu olan temsili demokrasinin bir kriz içerisinde olduğu akademik literatürde sıklıkla iddia edilmektedir. Bu krizin bir benzerinin Avrupa Birliği (AB)’nin karar alma süreçleri için de geçerli olduğu savunulmaktadır. Bu kriz, hem pratikte hem de AB üzerine gelişen akademik literatürde demokrasi açığı olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu krize yönelik çözüm önerilerinin başında ise müzakereci demokrasi gelmektedir. Meşruiyetin kaynağını bizzat müzakerenin kendisinde gören müzakereci demokrasi, AB’de yaşanan demokrasi açığının nedenlerini oluşturan temsil, katılım ve meşruiyet krizlerine çözüm olarak sunulmaktadır. Bu çerçevede AB, kurumsal boyutta pek çok müzakereci demokrasi pratiğini hayata geçirmiştir. Bu uygulamalardan en önemlilerinden birisi ise vatandaş diyaloglarıdır. Bu çalışmada, AB’nin vatandaş diyaloglarının niteliği müzakereci demokrasinin teorik ve normatif varsayımları çerçevesinde İrlanda örneği üzerinden analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ana argümanı, İrlanda örneğinden yola çıkılarak vatandaş diyaloglarının, AB’deki demokrasi açığını aşmaya ve AB’nin demokratik meşruiyetini güçlendirmeye yönelik önemli bir uygulama olduğu, ancak geliştirilmeye açık yönleri bulunduğudur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uluslararası siyaset
• Avrupa Birliği
• temsili demokrasi krizi
• demokrasi açığı
• müzakereci demokrasi
• vatandaş diyalogları.

Citizens’ Dialogues of the European Union in Ireland: A Political Analysis from the Perspective of Deliberative Democracy

Abstract

It is frequently claimed in the scholarly literature that representative democracy, which is the prevalent decision-making form of the late modern period, is in a crisis. It is argued that a similar crisis is also valid for the decision-making processes of the European Union (EU). This crisis is called the democratic deficit both in practice and in the growing scholarly literature on the EU. One of the crucial remedy proposals for this crisis is deliberative democracy. Deliberative democracy, which regards the source of legitimacy in the deliberation itself, is provided as a remedy for the democratic deficit in the EU rooted in representation, participation, and legitimacy crises. Within this framework, the EU has implemented a great number of deliberative democracy practices at the institutional level. One of the most significant of these practices is citizens’ dialogues. In this study, the effectiveness of the EU’s citizen dialogues is analyzed in the case of Ireland with reference to the theoretical and normative assumptions of deliberative democracy. The main argument raised in this study is that citizens’ dialogues are of crucial importance for overcoming the democracy deficit in the EU and for strengthening its democratic legitimacy, but there is still room for improvement.

Keywords

• International politics
• European Union
• the crisis of representative democracy
• the democracy deficit
• deliberative democracy
• citizens’ dialogues

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