Bir Kamu Üniversitesi Personelinin Çalışma Mutluluğunu Etkileyen Faktörler: Nitel Araştırma Örneği

Abstract

2000’li yılların başından itibaren pozitif örgütsel davranış, pozitif psikolojik sermaye gibi konuların çalışma yaşamı bağlamında araştırılmasının artış göstermesiyle birlikte, çalışma mutluluğu araştırmalarının önemi fark edilmiş ve alana ilgi artmıştır. Ancak, bu araştırmalar daha çok özel sektör çalışanları odağında yapılırken, kamu çalışanları arasında, özellikle de kamu üniversitelerinde çalışanlar arasında pek fazla yapılmamıştır. Bu nedenle, makalenin amacı, bir kamu üniversitesi akademik ve idari personelinin çalışma mutluluğunu etkileyen faktörleri ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu amaçla, yapılandırılmış görüşme yönteminin kullanıldığı, 23 akademik ve 14 idari personel olmak üzere toplamda 37 üniversite personeli ile yüz yüze görüşme yapılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre; çalışma mutluluğunu etkileyen faktörler “kişisel, çevresel, işe yönelik tutumla ilgili, ilişkilerle ilgili ve yönetimsel faktörler” olarak belirginlik kazanmıştır. Bu faktörler içinde, akademik personel için çalışma mutluluğunu etkileyen en önemli faktör işe yönelik tutum, en az önemli faktör ise çalışma ortamı ilişkileri ile ilgili faktör iken; idari personel için en önemli faktör yönetimsel; en az önemli olan ise, çevresel faktördür. Bulguların gelecek araştırmalar için kamu üniversitelerine veri kaynağı; özel üniversitelere bu araştırmaların yapılabilmesi için bir zemin oluşturacağı ve fayda sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.

Keywords

• Pozitif psikoloji,pozitif çalışma psikolojisi

Factors Affecting Happiness of a Public University Staff: Case of Qualitative Research

Abstract

Since the beginning of the 2000s, the study of positive organizational behavior and positive psychological capital in the field of positive psychology has increased in the context of working life, and the importance of happiness research has been recognized, and interest has increased in this field. However, while these studies were mostly focused on private sector employees, there was not much among public employees, especially among those working in public universities. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to reveal the factors that affect happiness at work of the academic and administrative staff of a public university. For this purpose, face to face interviews were conducted with 37 university staff, 23 academic and 14 administrative staff, using structured interview method. According to the results; the factors that affect happiness at work have become apparent as “personal, environmental, work-related attitudes, relationships and managerial factors”. Among these factors, the most important factor affecting happiness at work for academic staff is the attitude towards work, and the least important factor is related to working environment relations. The most important factor is the administrative factors for administrative staff, and the least important factor is the environmental factor. The findings include data sources for future research, and it is foreseen that private universities will provide a basis for this research and will benefit from it. 

Keywords

• Positive psychology,positive work psychology,positive organizational behaviour,happiness at work

References

1. Aichinger, T., Fankhauser, P., & Goodman, R. (2017). Worsening work conditions and rising levels of job satisfaction? measuring the happiness of academics in Japan. Research in Comparative and International Education, 12(2), 213–230. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499917712609
2. Aziz, R., Mustaffa, M. S., Samah, N. A., & Yusof, R. (2014). Personality and happiness among academicians in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 4209– 4212. https://10.31228/osf.io/7ws6a
3. Bakker, A. B., Schaufeli, W. B., Leiter, M. P., & Taris, T. W. (2008). Work engagement: an emerging concept in occupational health psychology. Work & Stress, 22(3), 187–200. http://doi.org/10.1080/02678370802393649
4. Baldwin, P. J., Dodd, M., & Renni, J. S. (1999). Young dentists - work, wealth, health and happiness. British Dental Journal, 186, 30–36. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/4800010.pdf?platform=oscar&draft=journal
5. Baumeister, R. F, Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K.D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles?. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4(1), 1–44. https://10.1111/1529-1006.01431
6. Benz, M. & Frey, B. S. (2004). Being independent raises happiness at work. Swedish Economic Policy Review, 11, 95-134. Rewited from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c731/e9f392dfa207eddb653dd2f96f5afc9ac08f.pdf?_ ga=2.47398434.463974201.1571125902-1834523700.1566292993
7. Bhattacharjee, D., & Bhattcharjee, M. (2010). Measuring happiness at work place. ASBM Journal of Management, III (1–2), 112-125. https://10.5958/2321-5763.2018.00173.7
8. Block, J. H. (2011). How to pay non-family managers in large family firms: a principal-agent. Family Business Review, 20(1), 9-27. https://10.1177/0894486510394359

9. Bowling, N. A, Eschleman, K. J., & Wang, Q. (2010). A meta-analytic examination of the relationship between job satisfaction and subjective well-being. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(4), 915934. https://10.1348/096317909X478557
10. Brannigan, G. G. (1985). The Research interview: effective interviewing, Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas Publication.
11. Byrne, M., Chughtai, A. A., Flood, B., & Willis, P. (2012). Job satisfaction among accounting and finance academics: empirical evidence from Irish Higher Education Institutions. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 34(2),153–167. https://10.1080/1360080X.2012.662740
12. Cadmus, F. (2018). Happiness at work: rules for employee satisfacion and engagement. Cornell Law Faculty Publications. Paper 654. https://10.31228/osf.io/7ws6a
13. Camp, H. (2014). Finding a happiness at work. Women in Higher education (www.wihe.com). 16-23. https://doi. org/10.1002/whe.20131
14. Chaiprasit, K., & Santidhiraku, O. (2011). Happiness at work of employees in small and medium-sized enterprisesThailand. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 25, 189–200. https://10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.540
15. Collins, P. A., & Gibbs, A. C. C. (2003). Stress in police officers: a study of quality of life and depression for police officers in Kuohsiung. Quality of Life Research, 15, 925–932. https://10.1093/occmed/kqg061
16. Dahiya, R. (2018). Employee happiness a valuable tool to drive organisations. In Yadav, M., Trivedi, S. K., & Kumar, A. (Eds.) Harnessing human capital analytics for competitive advantage. (pp. 24–54). Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India.
17. Dahling, J. J., & Perez, L. A. (2010). Older worker, different actor? linking age and emotional labor strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(5), 574–578. https://10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.009
18. Delken, E. (2008). Happiness in shrinking cities in Germany: a research note. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(2), 213–218. https://10.1007/s10902-007-9046-5
19. Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2008). Happiness: unlocking the mysteries of psychological wealth. Hoboken, N. J.: Wiley.
20. Dockery, A. M. (2014). Happiness, life satisfaction and the role of work: evidence from two Australian surveys. Retrieved from https://melbourneinstitute.unimelb.edu.au/assets/documents/hilda-bibliography/workingdiscussion-research-paper s/2001-2004/Dockery_happiness_life_satisfaction.pdf
21. Dulk, L., Groeneveld, S., Ollier-Malaterre, A., & Valcour, M. (2013). National context in work-life research: a multilevel cross-national analysis of the adoption of workplace work-life arrangements in Europe. European Management Journal, 31, 478–494. https://10.1016/j.emj.2013.04.010
22. Duncan, R., Tilbrook, K., & Krivokapic-Skoko, B. (2015). Does academic work make Australian academics happy?. Australian Universities’ Rewiew, 27(1), 5–12. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1053517
23. Fabian, H. (2017). Public sector work and happiness: an exploratory study. Die Unternehmung -Swiss Journal of Business Research and Practice,71(4), 414–428. https://10.5771/0042-059X-2017-4-414
24. Fapinyo, C. (2009). Happiness at work of employee at quality ceramic company limited, Lampang Province. (Master’s Thesis of Business Administration). Chiang Mai University.
25. Field, L. K. (2010). Happiness, work engagement and organisational commitment of support staff at a tertiary education institution in South Africa. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology/SA Tydskrif vir Bedryfsielkunde, 37(1), 1–10. https://10.4102/sajip.v37i1.946
26. Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12, 384–412. https://10.1111/ j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x
27. Furnham, A. (1987). Predicting Protestant work ethic beliefs.European Journal of Personality, 1, 93–106. https://10.1002/per.2410010204
28. Furnham, A., & Christoforou, I., (2007), Personality traits, emotional ıntelligence, and multiple happiness, North American Journal of Psychology, 9(3), 439–462. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/87f4/ ee77895ac971f5c885e5137ad2016a44ef36.pdf
29. Harter, J., & Adkins, A. (2015). Employees want a lot more from their managers. Retrieved fromhttps://www.gallup. com/workplace/236570/employees-lot-managers.aspx
30. Gavin, J. H., & Mason, R. O. (2004). The virtuous organization: The value of happiness in the workplace. Organizational Dynamics, 33(4), 379–392. https://10.1016/j.orgdyn.2004.09.005
31. Güner, F., & Bozkurt Çetinkaya, Ö. (2017). Banka çalışanlarının işyerinde mutluluk ve mutsuzluk nedenleri üzerine keşif amaçlı bir araştırma. Örgütsel Davranış Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 85–105.
32. Helliwell, J., Layard, R., & Sachs, J. (Ed.) (2013). World happiness report. London: The Earth Institute Columbia University. Retrieved from https://www.earth.columbia.edu/sitefiles/file/Sachs%20Writing/2012/World%20 Happiness%20Report.pdf
33. Hesli, V. L., & Lee, J. M. (2013). Job satisfaction in academia: why are some faculty members happier than others?. Political Science and Politics, 46(02). https://10.1017/S104909651300004
34. Hwang, E. (2018). Effects of the organizational culture type, job satisfaction, and job stress on nurses’ happiness: q cross-sectional study of the long-term care hospitals of South Korea. Japan Journal of Nursing Science.16, 263–273. https://10.1111/jjns.12235
35. İnceoğlu, İ., Segers, J., & Bartram, D. (2012). Age-related differences in work motivation, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 85, 300–329. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/30340854.pdf
36. Januwarsono, S. (2015). Analytical of factors determinants of happiness at work case study on PT. PLN (persero) region Suluttengo, Sulawesi, Indonesia. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(8), 9–17. ISSN (Paper)2222-1905 ISSN (Online)2222-2839 Jones, J., & Lindsay, J. (2014). What happiness at work is and how to use. Industrial And Commercial Training, 46(3), 130–134. https://10.1108/ICT-10-2013-0072
37. Kahn, W. A. (1992). To be fully there: Psychological presence at work. Human Relations, 45, 321–349. https://10.1177/001872679204500402
38. Keser, A. (2018). İşte mutluluk araştırması. Paradoks Ekonomi, Sosyoloji ve Politika Dergisi, 14(1), 43–57. Erişim adresi https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/paradoks/issue/36230/355854
39. Khosrojerdi, Z., Tagharrobi, Z., Sooki, Z., & Shari, K. (2018). Predictors of happiness among Iranian nurses. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 5, 281–286. https://10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.06.008
40. Kirkendall, C. D. (2013). Job crafting: the pursuit of happiness at work, Doctor of Philosophy (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=wright1367092575&disposition=inline
41. Krause, A. (2015). Happiness and work. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 515–520. https://10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.94047-9
42. Martin, B. (2011). On being a happy academic. Australian Universities’ Review, 53(1), 50-56.Retrieved from https:// ro.uow.edu.au/artspapers/262/
43. McKee, A. (2017). How to be happy at work. Executıve Forum. Leader to Leader, 86, 47–52. https://10.1002/ltl.20321
44. Miles, B. M., & Huberman, M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication, Inc . Moccia, S. (2016). Happiness at work. Psychologist Papers, 37(2), 143–151. Retrieved from http://www. papelesdelpsicologo.es
45. Morgan, L. D. (2017). What makes people happy at work? Retrieved from https://lattice.com/blog/what-makespeople-happy-at-work/
46. Musikanski, L., Polley, C., Cloutier, S., Berejnoi, E., & Colbert, Z. (2017). Happiness in communities: how neighborhoods, cities, and states use subjective well-being metrics. Journal of Social Change, 9(1), 32–54. https://10.5590/JOSC.2017.09.1.03
47. Nahrgang, J. D., Morgeson, F. P., & Hofmann, D. A. (2011). Safety at work: a meta- analytic investigation of the link between job demands, job resources, burnout, engagement, and safety outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(1), 71-94. https:// 10.1037/a0021484.
48. O’Brien, K. M. (2003). Measuring career self-efficacy: promoting confidence and happiness at work. In S. J. Lopez & C. R. Snyder (Eds.), Positive psychological assessment: ahandbook of models and measures (pp.109–126). Washington, DC:American Psychological Association. http://10.1037/10612-007
49. Oerlemans, W. G. M., & Bakker, A. B. (2018). Motivating job characteristics and happiness at work: A multilevel perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(11), 1230–1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/apl0000318
50. Ongkana, K. (2006). Relationships between personal factors, self esteem, work environment, and joy at work of staff nurses, private hospitals, Bangkok metropolis (Master’s Thesis of Nursing) Chulalongkorn University.
51. Oswald, A. J. (2002). How much do external factors affect wellbeing? a way to use ‘happiness economics’ to decide. For The Psychologist, 2-9. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/37143148.
52. Oswald, A. J., Proto, E. & Daniel, S. (2015). Happiness and productivity. Journal of Labor Economics, 33(4), 789– 822. http://10.1086/681096
53. Ouyprasert, N. (2009). Happiness at work of employee at First Drug Company Limited, Chiang Mai Province. Pincheira, F. J. D., & Carrasco, M. (2019). Effects of organizational climate and psychosocial risks on happiness at work. Accounting and Management, 63(4), 7–8. Rahighee, F. (2015). A descriptive study of nurses’ happiness at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Iran. Journal of Mental Disorders and Treatment, 1(1), 1–3. http://10.4172/2471-271X.1000102
54. Rao, G. V., Lakshmi, V., & Goswami, R. (2017). A study on factors of workplace happiness.International Journal of Marketing & Financial Management, 2348 –3954 (online) ISSN: 2349 –2546 (print), 5(I8), 27–42.
55. Rego, A., & Cunha, M. P. (2008). Authentizotic climates and employee happiness: Pathways to individual performance. Journal of Business Research, 6(7), 739–752. http://10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.08.003
56. Reich, T. C., & Hershcovis, M. S. (2011). Interpersonal relationships at work. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA Handbooks in Psychology. APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology, Vol. 3. Maintaining, expanding, and contracting the organization (pp. 223–248). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.
57. Salas-Vallina, A., & Alegre, J. (2018). Happiness at work: developing a shorter measure. Journal of Management & Organization, 1–21. http://10.1017/jmo.2018.24
58. Sartori, D., & Catalano, G. (2013). Infrastructure investment long term contribution: economic development and wellbeing. Working Papers from Centre for Industrial Studies (CSIL). Retrieved from https://www.csilmilano. com/docs/WP2013_01.pdf
59. Schwartz, B. (2015). Why we work. London, United Kingdom: Simon and Schuster, UK.
60. Sharma, V., & Jain, S. (2018). Happiness at the workplace: a conceptual recapitulation. Asian Journal of Management. 9(3), 1090–1095. http://10.5958/2321-5763.2018.00173.7
61. Straume, L. V. & Vitters, J. (2014). Well-Being at work: some differences between life satisfaction and personal growth as predictors of subjective health and sick-leave. Journal of Happiness Studies, 16(1). http://10.1007/ s10902-014-9502-y
62. Suojanen, I. (2012). Work for your happiness - theoretical and empirical study definingand measuring happiness at work (Doctor Thesis, University Of Turku, Finland). Revited from https://www.utupub.fi/bitstream/ handle/10024/84847/gradu2012Suojanen-Ilona.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
63. Tasnim, Z. (2016). Happiness at workplace: building a conceptual framework. World Journal of Social Sciences, 6(2), 62–70.
64. Thummakul, D., Kaeodumkoeng, K. Prasertsin, U., Sinjindawong, S., & Makmee, P. (2012). The development of happy workplace index. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 1(2), 527–536.
65. Townend, A. (2007). Promoting happiness at work. in the project: the drivers of happiness in the workplace. Creating Psychologically Healthy Workplaces. http://10.4337/9781788113427.00016
66. Warr, P. (2007). Work, happiness, and unhappiness. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
67. Warr, P. (2011). Jobsand job-holders: Two sources of happiness and unhappiness. In Cameron, K. S., & Caza, A. (eds.), Happiness and organizations (pp.1–21). Oxford University Press.
68. Work happiness: how good managers influence employee happiness. (2018). Revited Fromhttps://workplacehappiness.com/2018/09/24/how-good-managers-influence-employee-happiness/
69. Yassin, M. S. (2014). Identification of domains for Malaysian University staff happiness index development. International Education Studies, 7(7), 69–76. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1070391.pdf
70. Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık. 9. Baskı.
71. Zhou, S., & Qiu, L. (2013). The differences of factors influencing employees’ happiness. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 3, 719–724. http://10.4236/ajibm.2013.38082