An Appraisal of the Conflict Model of Migration with Reference to Democratic, Development and Demographic Deficits

Year 2019, Issue: 59, 157 - 184, 03.07.2019

İbrahim Sirkeci Deniz Utku Mustafa Murat Yüceşahin

https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0016

Abstract

Migration and the impact of immigrants in receiving countries have been a key concern in many countries. The USA’s restrictions on rights of Mexican immigrants, the role of anti-immigration propaganda behind the Brexit decision in the UK, European countries efforts to curb migration by raising walls are reflections of increasing xenophobia. Such understanding places a lot of emphasis on the destination and benefits in the destination while also focusing mostly on economic aspects. The rights are also open for commodification and applied in a selective fashion while excluding most of ‘others’. Such restrictive approach towards the rights of ‘others’ conis leading to what is called ‘neo-liberal paradox’ and immigration in this context formulated as a problem to be ‘curbed’. However, in the Conflict Model of Migration, the root causes of conflict lies with inequalities, deficits in three areas: The 3Ds (Democratic Deficit, Development Deficit and Demographic Deficit). The 3Ds are in the roots of individuals’ perception of human insecurity. In this study, we statistically show the impact of 3Ds on international migration flows. By distancing itself from perspectives paving way to anti-immigration sentiments, this study focuses on empirical and theoretical exploration of drivers of migration.

Keywords

International migration, mobility, conflict theory, democratic, developmental, demographic deficits

Göç Çatışma Modelinin Katılım, Kalkınma ve Kitle Açıkları Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Göç ve göçmenlerin gittikleri ülkelere etkileri bugün hemen hemen tüm ülkelerin öncelikli gündemlerini oluşturmaktadır. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin Meksikalı göçmenlere yönelik hak kısıtlamaları, İngiltere’nin Brexit kararının arkasındaki anti-göçmen propagandalar, Avrupa ülkelerinin yeni duvarlarla göçü engelleme çabaları, giderek artan yabancı düşmanlığını yansıtmaktadır. Bu türden bir yaklaşım göç edilen ülkeye ve orada elde edilecek çıkarlara fazlaca vurgu yaparken işin ekonomik yönlerine odaklanır. Bu anlayışta haklar da metalaşmaya açıktır ve ‘diğerlerini’ dışlayıcı bir seçicilik söz konusudur. Bu ‘neoliberal paradoks’a yol açar. Böylelikle, neo-liberalizmde göç, göç alan ülkelerin halledilmesi gereken bir ‘sorunu’ olarak görünür. Ancak ‘Çatışma Modeli’ çerçevesinde çatışmaların kökeninde üç temel alandaki eşitsizlikler yatar: 3 KA (‘Katılım Açığı’; ‘Kalkınma Açığı’ ve ‘Kitle Açığı’). 3KA bireyin insani güvensizlik algısı edinmesinin temel nedenlerini oluşturur. Bu çalışmada istatistiki olarak 3KA’nın uluslararası göç akımlarına etkisini gösterdik. Göçmen karşıtı söylemlere yol açabilen yaklaşımlardan uzaklaşarak, bu çalışmada göçün temel nedenleri ampirik ve kuramsal olarak tartışılmaktadır.

Keywords

Uluslararası göç, hareketlilik, çatışma kuramı, katılım, kalkınma ve kitle açığı

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