Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2021, Issue: 64, 1 - 19, 29.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2021-863909

Abstract

References

  • Ager, A., & Strang, A. (2008). Understanding integration: A conceptual framework. Journal of Refugee Studies, 21(2), 165–191. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fen016
  • Aiyar, S., Barkbu, B., Batini, N., Berger, H., Detragiache, E., Dizioli, A., . . . Topalova, P. (2016). The refugee surge in Europe: Economic challenge. IMF staff discussion note, (SDN/16/02). Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/ external/pubs/ft/sdn/2016/sdn1602.pdf
  • Alisic, E., & Letschert, R. (2016). Fresh eyes on the European refugee crisis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 7(1), 31847. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v7.31847
  • Alrawadieh, Z., Karayilan, E., & Cetin, G. (2019). Understanding the challenges of refugee entrepreneurship in tourism and hospitality. The Service Industries Journal, 39(9–10), 717–740. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2 018.1440550
  • Altinay, L., & Altinay, E. (2006). Determinants of ethnic minority entrepreneurial growth in the catering sector. The Service Industries Journal, 26(2), 203–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060500369354
  • Ayadurai, S. (2011). Challenges faced by women refugees in initiating entrepreneurial ventures in a host country: Case study of UNHCR women refugees in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 1(3), 85–95. Retrieved from http://www.ajbms.org/journal_abstract.php?c_id=46
  • Atsız, O., & Çifçi, İ. (2021). Exploring the motives for entrepreneurship in the meal–sharing economy. Current Issues in Tourism. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1908239
  • Bahcekapili, C., & Cetin, B. (2015). The impacts of forced migration on regional economies: the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey. International Business Research, 8(9), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n9p1
  • Bakker, L., Dagevos, J., & Engbersen, G. (2017). Explaining the refugee gap: A longitudinal study on labour market participation of refugees in the Netherlands. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43(11), 1775–1791. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2016.1251835
  • Bansak, K., Hainmueller, J., & Hangartner, D. (2016). How economic, humanitarian, and religious concerns shape European attitudes toward asylum seekers. Science, 354, 217–222. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aag2147
  • Barbelet, V., & Wake, C. (2017). The lives and livelihoods of Syrian refugees in Turkey and Jordan. London, UK: Humanitarian Policy Group.
  • Basu, A., & Goswami, A. (1999). Determinants of South Asian entrepreneurial growth in Britain: A multivariate analysis. Small Business Economics, 13, 57–70. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/content/ pdf/10.1023/A:1008025628570.pdf
  • Baycan–Levent, T., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). Characteristics of migrant entrepreneurship in Europe. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 21, 375–7397. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620903020060
  • Berns, J. A. (2017). Killing two birds with one stone exploring refugee entrepreneurial intent in the Netherlands. (Master Thesis, International Management, Radboud University Nijmegen–School of Management, Netherlands). Retrieved from https://theses.ubn.ru.nl/handle/123456789/4089?locale–attribute=en
  • Betts, A., & Collier, P. (2015). Help refugees help themselves: Let displaced Syrians join the labor market. Foreign Affairs, 94(6), 84–92. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/43946544
  • Betts, A., Ali, A., & Memisoglu, F. (2017). Local politics and the Syrian refugee crisis: Exploring responses in Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan. University of Oxford: Refugee Studies Centre Report. Retrieved from https:// www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/publications/local–politics–and–the–syrian–refugee–crisis–exploring–responses–in– turkey–lebanon–and–jordan
  • Bevelander, P. (2016). Integrating refugees into labor markets. IZA World of Labor: Retrived from https://doi.org/ 10.15185/izawol.269
  • Beycan–Levent, T., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). Characteristics of immigrant entrepreneurship in Europe. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 21(4), 375–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620903020060
  • Bird, M., & Wennberg, K. (2016). Why family matters: The impact of family resources on immigrant entrepreneurs’ exit from entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 31, 687–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jbusvent.2016.09.002
  • Bizri, R. M. (2017). Refugee–entrepreneurship: A social capital perspective. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development. 29(9–10), 847–868. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2017.1364787
  • Bloach, A. (2000). Refugee settlement in Britain: the impact of policy on participation. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 26(1), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/136918300115651
  • Bogic, M., Njoku, A., & Priebe, S. (2015). Long-term mental health of war-refugees: a systematic literature review. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 15(1), 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-015-0064-9
  • Bonacich, E. (1973). A theory of middleman minorities. American Sociological Review, 38(5), 583–585. https://doi. org/10.2307/2094409
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Brown, R., & Donson, M. (2008). Fresh talent or cheap labour? Accession state migrant labour in the Scottish economy. Scottish Affairs, 64, 37–52. Retrieved from https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/ scot.2008.0034?src=recsys
  • Campbell, E. H. (2006). Urban refugees in Nairobi: Problems of protection, mechanisms of survival, and possibilities for integration. Journal of Refugee Studies, 19(3), 396–413. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fel011
  • Carpio, X. V., & Wagner, M. (2015). The impact of Syrians refugees on the Turkish labour market. Policy Research Working Paper 7402, World Bank Group: Social Protection and Labor Global Practice Group, Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/22659
  • Cheung, S. Y., & Phillimore, J. (2014). Refugees, social capital and labour market integration in the UK. Sociology, 48(3), 518–536. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038513491467
  • Chrysostome, E. (2010). The success factors of necessity immigrant entrepreneurs: in Search of a model. Thunderbird International Business Review, 52(2), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20320
  • Colic–Peisker, V., & Tilbury, F. (2006). Employment niches for recent refugees: Segmented labour market in twenty–first century Australia. Journal of Refugee Studies, 19(2), 203–229. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fej016
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage.
  • Dagnelie, O., Mayda, A., & Maystadt, J. F. (2019). The labor market integration of refugees in the United States: Do entrepreneurs in the network help? European Economic Review, 111, 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. euroecorev.2018.10.001
  • Dana, L. P., & Morris, M. (2007). Towards a Synthesis: A model of immigrant and ethnic entrepreneurship. In L. P. Dana (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship (pp. 803–811). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Davidson, G. R., & Carr, S. (2010). Forced migration, social exclusion and poverty: Introduction. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 4(01), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1375/prp.4.1.1
  • Davidsson, P., & Honig, B. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(3), 301–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00097-6
  • Dawson, C., & Henley, A. (2012). “Push” versus “pull” entrepreneurship: An ambiguous distinction? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 18(6), 697–719. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551211268139
  • Desidero, M. V. (2016). Integration refugees into host country labor markets: Challenges and policy options. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Enstitute.
  • Dhaliwal, S. (2008). Business support and minority ethnic businesses in England. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 6(2), 230–246. Retrieved from https://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/178666/2/FMEB_UK.pdf
  • Dincer, F. I., Karayilan, E., & Cifci, M. A. (2017). Refugee crisis (RC) after the Arab Spring (AS) and its impacts on Turkish tourism industry: The case of Istanbul. Journal of Tourismology, 3(1), 2–13. Retrieved from https:// dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iuturizmoloji/issue/36494/415190
  • Dumper, H. (2002). Missed opportunities. A skills audit of refugee women in London from the teaching, nursing. London: Grater London Authority.
  • Edwards, A. (2016). UNHCR viewpoint: ‘Refugee’ or ‘migrant’ – Which is right? UNHCR: The UN Refugee Agency. Retrieved from https:/https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2016/7/55df0e556/unhcr–viewpoint– refugee–migrant–right.html.
  • Ellis, B. H., Abdi, S., Lazarevic, V., White, M., Lincoln, A., Stern, J., & Horgan, J. (2015). Relation of psychosocial factors to diverse behaviors and attitudes among Somali refugees. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 86 (4), 393–408. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000121
  • Elo, S., & Kyngas, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
  • European Commission. (2019). Forced displacement: refugees, asylum–seekers and internally displaced people (IDPs). An official website of the European Union. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/echo/what–we–do/ humanitarian–aid/refugees–and–internally–displaced–persons_en
  • Farmaki, A., & Christou, P. (2019). Refugee migration and service industries: Advancing the research agenda. The Service Industries Journal, 39(9–10), 668–683. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2018.1435643
  • Fong, R., Busch, N., Armour, M., Heffron, L., & Chanm, A. (2007). Pathways to self–sufficiency: Successful entrepreneurship for refugees. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 16(1–2), 127–159. https:// doi.org/10.1300/J051v16n01_05
  • Franenkel, J., & Wallen, N. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education (7th Ed. New York: McGraw– Hill Publication.
  • Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine Publishing. New York.
  • Gummersson, E. (2000). Qualitative methods in research management (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage.
  • Harb, M., Kassem, A., & Najdi, W. (2018). Entrepreneurial refugees and the city: Brief encounters in Beirut. Journal of Refugee Studies, 32(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fey003
  • Harima, A., Periac, F., Murphy, T., & Picard, S. (2020). Entrepreneurial opportunities of refugees in Germany, France, and Ireland: Multiple embeddedness framework. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00707-5
  • Hayes, S., & Endale, E. (2018). ‘’Sometimes my mind, it has to analyze two things”: Identity development and adaptation for refugee and new newcomer adolescents. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 24, 283–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/pac0000315
  • Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede Model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1014
  • Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software for the mind (3th Ed.). New York: McGraw–Hill.
  • Hynie, M. (2018). Refugee integration: Research and policy. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 24(3), 265–276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pac0000326
  • Ismail, S.S. (2020). Collectivism and uncertainty avoidance in narrative oral histories of resettled Syrian refugees, (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University, Minnesota, US). Retrieved from https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/ cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10647&context=dissertations.
  • Jones, T., Ram, M., Edwards, P., Kiselinchev, A., & Muchen, L. (2014). Mixed embeddedness and new migrant enterprise in the UK. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 26(5–6), 500–520. https://doi.org/10.1080/0 8985626.2014.950697
  • Kachkar, O. A. (2019). Refugee entrepreneurship: Empirical quantitative evidence on microenterprises in refugee camps in Turkey. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 17(3), 333–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.20 18.1479913
  • Kirkwood, J. (2009). Motivational factors in a push–pull theory of entrepreneurship. Gender in Management, An International Journal, 24(5), 346–364. https://doi.org/10.1108/17542410910968805
  • Levie, J. (2007). Immigration, in–migration, ethnicity and entrepreneurship in the United Kingdom. Small Business Economics, 28(2), 143–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-006-9013-2
  • Lewis, H. (2010). Community moments: Integration and transnationalism at “Refugee” parties and events. Journal of Refugee Studies, 23(4), 571–588. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feq037
  • Lyon, F., Sepulveda, L., & Syrett, S. (2007). Enterprising refugees: Contributions and challenges in deprived urban areas. Local Economy, 22(4), 362–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/02690940701736769
  • Mamgain, V., & Collins, K. (2003). Off the boat, now off to work: Refugees in the labour market in Portland, Maine. Journal of Refugee Studies, 16(2), 113–146. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/16.2.113
  • Mawson, S., & Kasem, L. (2019). Exploring the entrepreneurial intentions of Syrian refugees in the UK. International Jourmal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 25 (5), 1128–1146. https://doi.org/10.1108/ IJEBR-02-2018-0103
  • Meister, A. D., & Mauer, R. (2019). Understanding refugee entrepreneurship incubation–an embeddedness perspective. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 25 (5), 1355–2554. https://doi. org/10.1108/IJEBR-02-2018-0108
  • Obschonka, M., Hahn, E., & Bajwa, N. (2018). Personal agency in newly arrived refugees: The role of personality, entrepreneurial cognitions and intentions, and career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 105, 173– 184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.01.003
  • Oduntan, O. O. (2017). Information behavior of refugees: viewing refugee integration through an information science lens. Bulletin of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 43(3), 63–69. Retrieved from https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/59990/
  • Olsen, C., El–Bialy, R., Mckelvie, M., & Rauman, P. (2016). “Other” troubles: Deconstructing perceptions and changing responses to refugees in Canada. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 18(1), 58–66. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10903-014-9983-0
  • Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage.
  • Phillimore, J., & Goodson, L. (2005). Problem or opportunity? Asylum seekers, refugees, employment and social exclusion in deprived urban areas. Urban Studies, 43(10), 1715–1736. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980600838606
  • Redstone–Akresh, I. (2006). Occupational mobility among legal immigrants to the United States. International Migration Review, 40(4), 854–884. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2006.00046.x
  • Sandberg, S., Immonen, R., & Kok, S. (2019). Refugee entrepreneurship: Taking a social network view on immigrants with refugee backgrounds starting transnational businesses in Sweden. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 36(1–2), 216 – 24. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2019.096967
  • Sanders, J. M., & Nee, V. (1996). Immigrant self–employment: the family as social capital and the value of human capital. American Sociological Review, 61(2), 231–249. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096333
  • Sebestyen, G., Dyjas, B., & Kuyumcu, M. (2018). Establishing the formal economic identity of Syrian refugees in Turkey: The case of Gaziantep. Journal of Turkish Social Sciences Research, 3(2), 71–87. Retrieved from http:// tursbad.hku.edu.tr/tr/download/article-file/562684
  • Shepherd, D. A., Saade, F., & Wincent, J. (2019). How to circumvent adversity? Refugee–entrepreneurs’ resilience in the face of substantial and persistent adversity. Journal of Business Venturing, 35 (4), 105940. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2019.06.001
  • Shneikat, B., & Alrawadieh, Z. (2019). Unraveling refugee entrepreneurship and its role in integration: empirical evidence from the hospitality industry. The Service Industries Journal, 39 (9–10), 741–761. https://doi.org/10.1 080/02642069.2019.1571046
  • Sikolia, D., Biros, D., Mason, M., & Weiser, M. (2013). Trustworthiness of grounded theory methodology research in information systems. MWAIS 2013 Proceedings, 16. Retrieved from http://aisel.aisnet.org/mwais2013/16
  • Simsek, D. (2018). Integration processes of Syrian refugees in Turkey: ‘Class–based integration’. Journal of Refugee Studies, 33(3), 537–554. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fey057
  • Stevens, M. R. (2016). The collapse of social networks among Syrian refugees in urban Jordan. Contemporary Levant, 1(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/20581831.2016.1153358
  • Strang, A., & Ager, A. (2010). Refugee integration: Emerging trends and remaining agendas. Journal of Refugee Studies, 23(4), 589–607. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feq046
  • Tang, J., Kacmar, K., & Busenitz, L. (2012). Entrepreneurial alertness in the pursuit of new opportunities. Journal of Business Venturing, 27, 77–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.07.001
  • Teixeira, C., & Li, W. (2009). Immigrant and refugee experiences in North American cities. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 7(3), 221–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562940903150030
  • Waldinger, R., Aldrich, H., & Ward, R. (1990). Ethnic entrepreneurs: Immigrant business in industrial societies. London: Sage.
  • Wauters, B., & Lambrecht, J. (2006). Refugee entrepreneurship in Belgium: Potential and practice. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2(4), 509–525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-006-0008-x
  • Wauters, B., & Lambrecht, J. (2008). Barriers to refugee entrepreneurship in Belgium: Towards an explanatory model. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 34(6), 895–915. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830802211190
  • Wilson, K. L., & Portes, A. (1980). Immigrant enclaves: An analysis of the labor market experiences of Cubans in Miami. American Journal of Sociology, 86(2), 295–319. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2778666
  • Yap, S., Byrne, A., & Davisdson, S. (2010). From refugee to good citizen: A discourse analysis of volunteering. Journal of Refugee Studies, 24(1), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feq036
  • Zighan, S. (2020). Challenges faced by necessity entrepreneurship, the case of Syrian refugees in Jordan. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC–09– 2020–0168.
  • Zopiatis, A., Constanti, P., & Theocharous, A. (2014). Migrant labor in hospitality: The Cyprus experience. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 37, 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.11.002

Understanding the Role of Refugees' Entrepreneurship Motives and Challenges in Integration: Evidence From the Food Industry

Year 2021, Issue: 64, 1 - 19, 29.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2021-863909

Abstract

This study explores the role of refugees' entrepreneurship motives and challenges in their integration into the host country. Based on the food industry, a qualitative research approach was adopted in this study. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with Syrian refugees in two major European cities (i.e., London and Istanbul). The theme coding analysis was performed on the qualitative data, and the analysis processes revealed three main dimensions: entrepreneur integration motives, entrepreneur integration domains, and entrepreneur integration challenges. As a result of the analysis, beyond the previous studies' findings, three interconnected fundamental relations emerged from the main dimensions' sub-categories, which contribute to a better understanding of the role of refugees' entrepreneurship motives and challenges in their integration into the host society: (1) the relation between the market accessing challenge, citizenship desire, and social equality, (2) the relation of cultural proximity and the attitude of host people in building social bridges and, (3) the relation between refugees' mental health problems and resilience in entrepreneurship achievements. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is among the first attempts to reveal the effects of refugees' entrepreneurship motives and challenges in their integration in the context of the food industry.

References

  • Ager, A., & Strang, A. (2008). Understanding integration: A conceptual framework. Journal of Refugee Studies, 21(2), 165–191. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fen016
  • Aiyar, S., Barkbu, B., Batini, N., Berger, H., Detragiache, E., Dizioli, A., . . . Topalova, P. (2016). The refugee surge in Europe: Economic challenge. IMF staff discussion note, (SDN/16/02). Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/ external/pubs/ft/sdn/2016/sdn1602.pdf
  • Alisic, E., & Letschert, R. (2016). Fresh eyes on the European refugee crisis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 7(1), 31847. https://doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v7.31847
  • Alrawadieh, Z., Karayilan, E., & Cetin, G. (2019). Understanding the challenges of refugee entrepreneurship in tourism and hospitality. The Service Industries Journal, 39(9–10), 717–740. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2 018.1440550
  • Altinay, L., & Altinay, E. (2006). Determinants of ethnic minority entrepreneurial growth in the catering sector. The Service Industries Journal, 26(2), 203–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642060500369354
  • Ayadurai, S. (2011). Challenges faced by women refugees in initiating entrepreneurial ventures in a host country: Case study of UNHCR women refugees in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 1(3), 85–95. Retrieved from http://www.ajbms.org/journal_abstract.php?c_id=46
  • Atsız, O., & Çifçi, İ. (2021). Exploring the motives for entrepreneurship in the meal–sharing economy. Current Issues in Tourism. 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2021.1908239
  • Bahcekapili, C., & Cetin, B. (2015). The impacts of forced migration on regional economies: the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey. International Business Research, 8(9), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n9p1
  • Bakker, L., Dagevos, J., & Engbersen, G. (2017). Explaining the refugee gap: A longitudinal study on labour market participation of refugees in the Netherlands. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43(11), 1775–1791. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2016.1251835
  • Bansak, K., Hainmueller, J., & Hangartner, D. (2016). How economic, humanitarian, and religious concerns shape European attitudes toward asylum seekers. Science, 354, 217–222. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aag2147
  • Barbelet, V., & Wake, C. (2017). The lives and livelihoods of Syrian refugees in Turkey and Jordan. London, UK: Humanitarian Policy Group.
  • Basu, A., & Goswami, A. (1999). Determinants of South Asian entrepreneurial growth in Britain: A multivariate analysis. Small Business Economics, 13, 57–70. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/content/ pdf/10.1023/A:1008025628570.pdf
  • Baycan–Levent, T., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). Characteristics of migrant entrepreneurship in Europe. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 21, 375–7397. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620903020060
  • Berns, J. A. (2017). Killing two birds with one stone exploring refugee entrepreneurial intent in the Netherlands. (Master Thesis, International Management, Radboud University Nijmegen–School of Management, Netherlands). Retrieved from https://theses.ubn.ru.nl/handle/123456789/4089?locale–attribute=en
  • Betts, A., & Collier, P. (2015). Help refugees help themselves: Let displaced Syrians join the labor market. Foreign Affairs, 94(6), 84–92. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/43946544
  • Betts, A., Ali, A., & Memisoglu, F. (2017). Local politics and the Syrian refugee crisis: Exploring responses in Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan. University of Oxford: Refugee Studies Centre Report. Retrieved from https:// www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/publications/local–politics–and–the–syrian–refugee–crisis–exploring–responses–in– turkey–lebanon–and–jordan
  • Bevelander, P. (2016). Integrating refugees into labor markets. IZA World of Labor: Retrived from https://doi.org/ 10.15185/izawol.269
  • Beycan–Levent, T., & Nijkamp, P. (2009). Characteristics of immigrant entrepreneurship in Europe. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 21(4), 375–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620903020060
  • Bird, M., & Wennberg, K. (2016). Why family matters: The impact of family resources on immigrant entrepreneurs’ exit from entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 31, 687–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jbusvent.2016.09.002
  • Bizri, R. M. (2017). Refugee–entrepreneurship: A social capital perspective. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development. 29(9–10), 847–868. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2017.1364787
  • Bloach, A. (2000). Refugee settlement in Britain: the impact of policy on participation. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 26(1), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/136918300115651
  • Bogic, M., Njoku, A., & Priebe, S. (2015). Long-term mental health of war-refugees: a systematic literature review. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 15(1), 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-015-0064-9
  • Bonacich, E. (1973). A theory of middleman minorities. American Sociological Review, 38(5), 583–585. https://doi. org/10.2307/2094409
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Brown, R., & Donson, M. (2008). Fresh talent or cheap labour? Accession state migrant labour in the Scottish economy. Scottish Affairs, 64, 37–52. Retrieved from https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/ scot.2008.0034?src=recsys
  • Campbell, E. H. (2006). Urban refugees in Nairobi: Problems of protection, mechanisms of survival, and possibilities for integration. Journal of Refugee Studies, 19(3), 396–413. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fel011
  • Carpio, X. V., & Wagner, M. (2015). The impact of Syrians refugees on the Turkish labour market. Policy Research Working Paper 7402, World Bank Group: Social Protection and Labor Global Practice Group, Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/22659
  • Cheung, S. Y., & Phillimore, J. (2014). Refugees, social capital and labour market integration in the UK. Sociology, 48(3), 518–536. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038513491467
  • Chrysostome, E. (2010). The success factors of necessity immigrant entrepreneurs: in Search of a model. Thunderbird International Business Review, 52(2), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.20320
  • Colic–Peisker, V., & Tilbury, F. (2006). Employment niches for recent refugees: Segmented labour market in twenty–first century Australia. Journal of Refugee Studies, 19(2), 203–229. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fej016
  • Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage.
  • Dagnelie, O., Mayda, A., & Maystadt, J. F. (2019). The labor market integration of refugees in the United States: Do entrepreneurs in the network help? European Economic Review, 111, 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. euroecorev.2018.10.001
  • Dana, L. P., & Morris, M. (2007). Towards a Synthesis: A model of immigrant and ethnic entrepreneurship. In L. P. Dana (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Ethnic Minority Entrepreneurship (pp. 803–811). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  • Davidson, G. R., & Carr, S. (2010). Forced migration, social exclusion and poverty: Introduction. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 4(01), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1375/prp.4.1.1
  • Davidsson, P., & Honig, B. (2003). The role of social and human capital among nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(3), 301–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00097-6
  • Dawson, C., & Henley, A. (2012). “Push” versus “pull” entrepreneurship: An ambiguous distinction? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 18(6), 697–719. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551211268139
  • Desidero, M. V. (2016). Integration refugees into host country labor markets: Challenges and policy options. Washington, DC: Migration Policy Enstitute.
  • Dhaliwal, S. (2008). Business support and minority ethnic businesses in England. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 6(2), 230–246. Retrieved from https://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/178666/2/FMEB_UK.pdf
  • Dincer, F. I., Karayilan, E., & Cifci, M. A. (2017). Refugee crisis (RC) after the Arab Spring (AS) and its impacts on Turkish tourism industry: The case of Istanbul. Journal of Tourismology, 3(1), 2–13. Retrieved from https:// dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iuturizmoloji/issue/36494/415190
  • Dumper, H. (2002). Missed opportunities. A skills audit of refugee women in London from the teaching, nursing. London: Grater London Authority.
  • Edwards, A. (2016). UNHCR viewpoint: ‘Refugee’ or ‘migrant’ – Which is right? UNHCR: The UN Refugee Agency. Retrieved from https:/https://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2016/7/55df0e556/unhcr–viewpoint– refugee–migrant–right.html.
  • Ellis, B. H., Abdi, S., Lazarevic, V., White, M., Lincoln, A., Stern, J., & Horgan, J. (2015). Relation of psychosocial factors to diverse behaviors and attitudes among Somali refugees. The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 86 (4), 393–408. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000121
  • Elo, S., & Kyngas, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x
  • European Commission. (2019). Forced displacement: refugees, asylum–seekers and internally displaced people (IDPs). An official website of the European Union. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/echo/what–we–do/ humanitarian–aid/refugees–and–internally–displaced–persons_en
  • Farmaki, A., & Christou, P. (2019). Refugee migration and service industries: Advancing the research agenda. The Service Industries Journal, 39(9–10), 668–683. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2018.1435643
  • Fong, R., Busch, N., Armour, M., Heffron, L., & Chanm, A. (2007). Pathways to self–sufficiency: Successful entrepreneurship for refugees. Journal of Ethnic & Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 16(1–2), 127–159. https:// doi.org/10.1300/J051v16n01_05
  • Franenkel, J., & Wallen, N. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education (7th Ed. New York: McGraw– Hill Publication.
  • Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine Publishing. New York.
  • Gummersson, E. (2000). Qualitative methods in research management (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage.
  • Harb, M., Kassem, A., & Najdi, W. (2018). Entrepreneurial refugees and the city: Brief encounters in Beirut. Journal of Refugee Studies, 32(1), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fey003
  • Harima, A., Periac, F., Murphy, T., & Picard, S. (2020). Entrepreneurial opportunities of refugees in Germany, France, and Ireland: Multiple embeddedness framework. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00707-5
  • Hayes, S., & Endale, E. (2018). ‘’Sometimes my mind, it has to analyze two things”: Identity development and adaptation for refugee and new newcomer adolescents. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 24, 283–290. https://doi.org/10.1037/pac0000315
  • Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede Model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1014
  • Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and organizations: Software for the mind (3th Ed.). New York: McGraw–Hill.
  • Hynie, M. (2018). Refugee integration: Research and policy. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, 24(3), 265–276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pac0000326
  • Ismail, S.S. (2020). Collectivism and uncertainty avoidance in narrative oral histories of resettled Syrian refugees, (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University, Minnesota, US). Retrieved from https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/ cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=10647&context=dissertations.
  • Jones, T., Ram, M., Edwards, P., Kiselinchev, A., & Muchen, L. (2014). Mixed embeddedness and new migrant enterprise in the UK. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 26(5–6), 500–520. https://doi.org/10.1080/0 8985626.2014.950697
  • Kachkar, O. A. (2019). Refugee entrepreneurship: Empirical quantitative evidence on microenterprises in refugee camps in Turkey. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 17(3), 333–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.20 18.1479913
  • Kirkwood, J. (2009). Motivational factors in a push–pull theory of entrepreneurship. Gender in Management, An International Journal, 24(5), 346–364. https://doi.org/10.1108/17542410910968805
  • Levie, J. (2007). Immigration, in–migration, ethnicity and entrepreneurship in the United Kingdom. Small Business Economics, 28(2), 143–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-006-9013-2
  • Lewis, H. (2010). Community moments: Integration and transnationalism at “Refugee” parties and events. Journal of Refugee Studies, 23(4), 571–588. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feq037
  • Lyon, F., Sepulveda, L., & Syrett, S. (2007). Enterprising refugees: Contributions and challenges in deprived urban areas. Local Economy, 22(4), 362–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/02690940701736769
  • Mamgain, V., & Collins, K. (2003). Off the boat, now off to work: Refugees in the labour market in Portland, Maine. Journal of Refugee Studies, 16(2), 113–146. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/16.2.113
  • Mawson, S., & Kasem, L. (2019). Exploring the entrepreneurial intentions of Syrian refugees in the UK. International Jourmal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 25 (5), 1128–1146. https://doi.org/10.1108/ IJEBR-02-2018-0103
  • Meister, A. D., & Mauer, R. (2019). Understanding refugee entrepreneurship incubation–an embeddedness perspective. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 25 (5), 1355–2554. https://doi. org/10.1108/IJEBR-02-2018-0108
  • Obschonka, M., Hahn, E., & Bajwa, N. (2018). Personal agency in newly arrived refugees: The role of personality, entrepreneurial cognitions and intentions, and career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 105, 173– 184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.01.003
  • Oduntan, O. O. (2017). Information behavior of refugees: viewing refugee integration through an information science lens. Bulletin of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 43(3), 63–69. Retrieved from https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/59990/
  • Olsen, C., El–Bialy, R., Mckelvie, M., & Rauman, P. (2016). “Other” troubles: Deconstructing perceptions and changing responses to refugees in Canada. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 18(1), 58–66. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10903-014-9983-0
  • Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks: CA: Sage.
  • Phillimore, J., & Goodson, L. (2005). Problem or opportunity? Asylum seekers, refugees, employment and social exclusion in deprived urban areas. Urban Studies, 43(10), 1715–1736. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420980600838606
  • Redstone–Akresh, I. (2006). Occupational mobility among legal immigrants to the United States. International Migration Review, 40(4), 854–884. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2006.00046.x
  • Sandberg, S., Immonen, R., & Kok, S. (2019). Refugee entrepreneurship: Taking a social network view on immigrants with refugee backgrounds starting transnational businesses in Sweden. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 36(1–2), 216 – 24. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJESB.2019.096967
  • Sanders, J. M., & Nee, V. (1996). Immigrant self–employment: the family as social capital and the value of human capital. American Sociological Review, 61(2), 231–249. https://doi.org/10.2307/2096333
  • Sebestyen, G., Dyjas, B., & Kuyumcu, M. (2018). Establishing the formal economic identity of Syrian refugees in Turkey: The case of Gaziantep. Journal of Turkish Social Sciences Research, 3(2), 71–87. Retrieved from http:// tursbad.hku.edu.tr/tr/download/article-file/562684
  • Shepherd, D. A., Saade, F., & Wincent, J. (2019). How to circumvent adversity? Refugee–entrepreneurs’ resilience in the face of substantial and persistent adversity. Journal of Business Venturing, 35 (4), 105940. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2019.06.001
  • Shneikat, B., & Alrawadieh, Z. (2019). Unraveling refugee entrepreneurship and its role in integration: empirical evidence from the hospitality industry. The Service Industries Journal, 39 (9–10), 741–761. https://doi.org/10.1 080/02642069.2019.1571046
  • Sikolia, D., Biros, D., Mason, M., & Weiser, M. (2013). Trustworthiness of grounded theory methodology research in information systems. MWAIS 2013 Proceedings, 16. Retrieved from http://aisel.aisnet.org/mwais2013/16
  • Simsek, D. (2018). Integration processes of Syrian refugees in Turkey: ‘Class–based integration’. Journal of Refugee Studies, 33(3), 537–554. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fey057
  • Stevens, M. R. (2016). The collapse of social networks among Syrian refugees in urban Jordan. Contemporary Levant, 1(1), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/20581831.2016.1153358
  • Strang, A., & Ager, A. (2010). Refugee integration: Emerging trends and remaining agendas. Journal of Refugee Studies, 23(4), 589–607. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feq046
  • Tang, J., Kacmar, K., & Busenitz, L. (2012). Entrepreneurial alertness in the pursuit of new opportunities. Journal of Business Venturing, 27, 77–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.07.001
  • Teixeira, C., & Li, W. (2009). Immigrant and refugee experiences in North American cities. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 7(3), 221–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562940903150030
  • Waldinger, R., Aldrich, H., & Ward, R. (1990). Ethnic entrepreneurs: Immigrant business in industrial societies. London: Sage.
  • Wauters, B., & Lambrecht, J. (2006). Refugee entrepreneurship in Belgium: Potential and practice. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2(4), 509–525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-006-0008-x
  • Wauters, B., & Lambrecht, J. (2008). Barriers to refugee entrepreneurship in Belgium: Towards an explanatory model. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 34(6), 895–915. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830802211190
  • Wilson, K. L., & Portes, A. (1980). Immigrant enclaves: An analysis of the labor market experiences of Cubans in Miami. American Journal of Sociology, 86(2), 295–319. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/2778666
  • Yap, S., Byrne, A., & Davisdson, S. (2010). From refugee to good citizen: A discourse analysis of volunteering. Journal of Refugee Studies, 24(1), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feq036
  • Zighan, S. (2020). Challenges faced by necessity entrepreneurship, the case of Syrian refugees in Jordan. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC–09– 2020–0168.
  • Zopiatis, A., Constanti, P., & Theocharous, A. (2014). Migrant labor in hospitality: The Cyprus experience. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 37, 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.11.002
There are 89 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ibrahim Cifci 0000-0001-7469-1906

Ozan Atsız 0000-0003-2962-1903

Publication Date December 29, 2021
Submission Date January 18, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Issue: 64

Cite

APA Cifci, I., & Atsız, O. (2021). Understanding the Role of Refugees’ Entrepreneurship Motives and Challenges in Integration: Evidence From the Food Industry. Journal of Economy Culture and Society(64), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2021-863909
AMA Cifci I, Atsız O. Understanding the Role of Refugees’ Entrepreneurship Motives and Challenges in Integration: Evidence From the Food Industry. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. December 2021;(64):1-19. doi:10.26650/JECS2021-863909
Chicago Cifci, Ibrahim, and Ozan Atsız. “Understanding the Role of Refugees’ Entrepreneurship Motives and Challenges in Integration: Evidence From the Food Industry”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, no. 64 (December 2021): 1-19. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2021-863909.
EndNote Cifci I, Atsız O (December 1, 2021) Understanding the Role of Refugees’ Entrepreneurship Motives and Challenges in Integration: Evidence From the Food Industry. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 64 1–19.
IEEE I. Cifci and O. Atsız, “Understanding the Role of Refugees’ Entrepreneurship Motives and Challenges in Integration: Evidence From the Food Industry”, Journal of Economy Culture and Society, no. 64, pp. 1–19, December 2021, doi: 10.26650/JECS2021-863909.
ISNAD Cifci, Ibrahim - Atsız, Ozan. “Understanding the Role of Refugees’ Entrepreneurship Motives and Challenges in Integration: Evidence From the Food Industry”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society 64 (December 2021), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2021-863909.
JAMA Cifci I, Atsız O. Understanding the Role of Refugees’ Entrepreneurship Motives and Challenges in Integration: Evidence From the Food Industry. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2021;:1–19.
MLA Cifci, Ibrahim and Ozan Atsız. “Understanding the Role of Refugees’ Entrepreneurship Motives and Challenges in Integration: Evidence From the Food Industry”. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, no. 64, 2021, pp. 1-19, doi:10.26650/JECS2021-863909.
Vancouver Cifci I, Atsız O. Understanding the Role of Refugees’ Entrepreneurship Motives and Challenges in Integration: Evidence From the Food Industry. Journal of Economy Culture and Society. 2021(64):1-19.