Bitki kromozomlarında sentromerlerin önemi, moleküler yapısı ve organizasyonu

Hümeyra Yıldız; Bilge Şevval Yıldırım; Sevim Döndü Kara Öztürk; Ahmet L. Tek

doi:10.7240/jeps.834978

Review

Bitki kromozomlarında sentromerlerin önemi, moleküler yapısı ve organizasyonu

Year 2021, , 308 - 323, 31.03.2021

Hümeyra Yıldız , Bilge Şevval Yıldırım , Sevim Döndü Kara Öztürk , Ahmet L. Tek

https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.834978

Abstract

Sentromer hücre bölünmesi esnasında mikrotübüller aracılığıyla kromozomların yeni hücrelere eşit dağılımını sağlayan kompleks bir yapıdır. Böylesi bir kompleks yapı, tüm ökaryotlarda olduğu gibi bitki türlerinde de büyük ilgi çekerek farklı çalışma disiplinlerinin temelini oluşturmuştur. Çalışma disiplinlerinden birisi olan bitki sentromer biyolojisi, çeşitli bitki sentromerlerindeki benzerlik ve farklılıkları ortaya koyarak genom biyolojisi, taksonomi, filogeni gibi alanlara temel bilgiler sunmaktadır. Ökaryotlarda kromozomları üzerinde fonksiyonel olarak korunmuş sentromer, yapısal anlamda farklı özellikler gösterebilmektedir. Bu yapısal değişiklikler en yaygın anlamda iki yapısal unsur olan sentromere özgü histon H3 (CENH3) proteini ve sentromerik DNA dizileri bakımından ifade edilmektedir. Sentromer tiplerinin karakteristik yapısal özelliklerinin tanımlanabilmesi için klonlanarak dizilenmesi gerekmektedir. Ancak sentromerik DNA dizilerinde bulunan uzun tekrar DNA elementlerinden dolayı hatalı dizilemeler meydana gelebilmekte ve doğru fiziksel haritalar oluşturulamamaktadır. Bu nedenle bitki sentromer evrimi yeteri kadar çözümlenememiştir. Bitki sentromerini çözümleyebilmek amacıyla sentromer mühendisliği, bitki biyoteknolojisi ve biyoinformatik alanları birbiriyle entegre edilerek yeni analiz yöntemleri geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, tarihsel perspektiften yola çıkarak çeşitli model bitkiler ve devamında baklagiller (Fabaceae) özelinde farklı epigenetik özellikteki sentromerik DNA dizileri ve sentromer proteinleri irdelenerek evrensel bitki sentromer yapısının özellikleri ortaya konulacaktır. Ayrıca sentromer mühendisliği aracılığıyla uygulamalı tarım bilimlerinde bitki ıslahına büyük yenilikler katabilecek farklı bilimsel çalışmalar sunulacaktır.

Keywords

ardışık tekrarlar, CENH3, epigenetik, kinetokor, kromozom, sentromer mühendisliği

Supporting Institution

Tübitak, COST, YÖK, Ayhan Şahenk Vakfı

Project Number

118O670, 118Z589, COST CA16212 - INDEPTH, YÖK 100/2000

Thanks

Bu çalışma, TÜBİTAK (118O670 ve 118Z589) ve COST CA16212 - INDEPTH projeleri tarafından desteklenmektedir. Yazarlar (HY, BŞY ve SDKÖ) YÖK 100/2000 Sürdürülebilir Tarım ve Bitki Biyoteknolojisi programı tarafından desteklenmektedir. Bitki Kromozom Laboratuvarımızdaki çalışmalarımız Ayhan Şahenk Vakfı tarafından desteklenmektedir.

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Year 2021, , 308 - 323, 31.03.2021

Hümeyra Yıldız , Bilge Şevval Yıldırım , Sevim Döndü Kara Öztürk , Ahmet L. Tek

https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.834978

Abstract

Centromere is a complex structure that ensures equal distribution of chromosomes to new cells via microtubules during cell division. Such a complex structure attracted great attention in plant species as well as in all eukaryotes and formed the basis of various study disciplines. Plant centromere biology, which is one of the study disciplines, provides basic information on genome biology, taxonomy, phylogeny by revealing the similarities and differences in various plant centromeres. In eukaryotes, the centromere, which is functionally conserved on chromosomes, may show various structural features. These structural changes are most commonly expressed in terms of the centromere-specific histone H3 (CENH3) protein and centromeric DNA sequences, which are two structural elements. To define the characteristic structural features of the centromere types, extensive studies must be performed involving cloning and sequencing. However, due to the long repeat DNA elements present in centromeric regions, erroneous sequences may occur and correct physical and genetic maps cannot be created. Therefore, plant centromere evolution has not been sufficiently resolved. To analyze the plant centromeres, new analysis methods have been developed by integrating the fields of centromere engineering, plant biotechnology and bioinformatics. Within the scope of this review, starting from a historical perspective, the centromere DNA sequences and centromere proteins with different epigenetic properties will be examined for various model plants and with special emphasis to legumes (Fabaceae), and the properties of the universal plant centromere structure will be revealed. In addition, different scientific studies will be presented that can add great innovations to plant breeding in applied agricultural sciences through centromere engineering.

Keywords

tandem repeats, CENH3, epigenetics, kinetochore, chromosome, centromere engineering

Project Number

118O670, 118Z589, COST CA16212 - INDEPTH, YÖK 100/2000

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Primary Language	Turkish
Journal Section	Review
Authors	Hümeyra Yıldız 0000-0002-7791-6100 Bilge Şevval Yıldırım 0000-0001-6593-4312 Sevim Döndü Kara Öztürk 0000-0001-7522-0575 Ahmet L. Tek 0000-0002-3292-5142
Project Number	118O670, 118Z589, COST CA16212 - INDEPTH, YÖK 100/2000
Publication Date	March 31, 2021
Published in Issue	Year 2021

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APA	Yıldız, H., Yıldırım, B. Ş., Kara Öztürk, S. D., Tek, A. L. (2021). Bitki kromozomlarında sentromerlerin önemi, moleküler yapısı ve organizasyonu. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, 33(2), 308-323. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.834978
AMA	Yıldız H, Yıldırım BŞ, Kara Öztürk SD, Tek AL. Bitki kromozomlarında sentromerlerin önemi, moleküler yapısı ve organizasyonu. JEPS. March 2021;33(2):308-323. doi:10.7240/jeps.834978
Chicago	Yıldız, Hümeyra, Bilge Şevval Yıldırım, Sevim Döndü Kara Öztürk, and Ahmet L. Tek. “Bitki kromozomlarında Sentromerlerin önemi, moleküler yapısı Ve Organizasyonu”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 33, no. 2 (March 2021): 308-23. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.834978.
EndNote	Yıldız H, Yıldırım BŞ, Kara Öztürk SD, Tek AL (March 1, 2021) Bitki kromozomlarında sentromerlerin önemi, moleküler yapısı ve organizasyonu. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 33 2 308–323.
IEEE	H. Yıldız, B. Ş. Yıldırım, S. D. Kara Öztürk, and A. L. Tek, “Bitki kromozomlarında sentromerlerin önemi, moleküler yapısı ve organizasyonu”, JEPS, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 308–323, 2021, doi: 10.7240/jeps.834978.
ISNAD	Yıldız, Hümeyra et al. “Bitki kromozomlarında Sentromerlerin önemi, moleküler yapısı Ve Organizasyonu”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 33/2 (March 2021), 308-323. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.834978.
JAMA	Yıldız H, Yıldırım BŞ, Kara Öztürk SD, Tek AL. Bitki kromozomlarında sentromerlerin önemi, moleküler yapısı ve organizasyonu. JEPS. 2021;33:308–323.
MLA	Yıldız, Hümeyra et al. “Bitki kromozomlarında Sentromerlerin önemi, moleküler yapısı Ve Organizasyonu”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, vol. 33, no. 2, 2021, pp. 308-23, doi:10.7240/jeps.834978.
Vancouver	Yıldız H, Yıldırım BŞ, Kara Öztürk SD, Tek AL. Bitki kromozomlarında sentromerlerin önemi, moleküler yapısı ve organizasyonu. JEPS. 2021;33(2):308-23.

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