A new approach for optimal phasor measurement units placement

Olsi Karapici; Viktor Rrotani; Rajmonda Bualoti; Marialis Çelo

doi:10.30521/jes.1765760

A new approach for optimal phasor measurement units placement

Abstract

The implementation of phasor measurement units (PMU) can facilitate monitoring and supervision of power systems. An effective PMU placement strategy closely affects operation control and state estimation. In this study, the optimal PMU placement (OPP) problem is explored to determine the optimal locations of PMUs at the minimum cost. The new approach is based on graph theory and the “bus-characteristics” factor to maximize the observability of the system. The “bus-characteristics” factor is defined by the type of element connected to it and voltage stability analyses. The graph flow method is used to generate the incidence matrix. Then, the “bus-characteristics” factor and voltage stability analysis are employed to identify the optimal PMU placement through a Modified Incidence Matrix (MIM). The Modified Incidence Matrix (MIM), derived from the network graph theory concept, helps to formulate rankings using its diagonal elements. The candidate node search technique is used to enumerate the candidate PMU placement priority. The studies of optimal PMU placement for full observability are performed for two cases: a) Without considering the “bus-characteristics” factor; b) taking into account the “bus-characteristics” factor. The proposed approach is illustrated in the case of the IEEE 14 bus system. Applying the suggested procedure, the number of installed PMUs that fully observed the IEEE 14 bus system was about 21% of the total buses. Besides, the suggested procedure is also suitable for determining the order for planning the PMU expansion. The procedure is suggested to be implemented in case of the 220/400kV Albanian power system.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Electrical Energy Transmission, Networks and Systems

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Olsi Karapici
0009-0001-5215-2159
Albania

Viktor Rrotani
0009-0001-8270-1921
Albania

Rajmonda Bualoti ^*
0000-0002-2531-4220
Albania

Marialis Çelo
0000-0001-8897-945X
Albania

Early Pub Date

March 27, 2026

Publication Date

March 27, 2026

Submission Date

August 16, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 16, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1765760

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA73WT83TK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Karapici, O., Rrotani, V., Bualoti, R., & Çelo, M. (2026). A new approach for optimal phasor measurement units placement. Journal of Energy Systems, 10(1), 62-74. https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1765760

AMA

1.Karapici O, Rrotani V, Bualoti R, Çelo M. A new approach for optimal phasor measurement units placement. Journal of Energy Systems. 2026;10(1):62-74. doi:10.30521/jes.1765760

Chicago

Karapici, Olsi, Viktor Rrotani, Rajmonda Bualoti, and Marialis Çelo. 2026. “A New Approach for Optimal Phasor Measurement Units Placement”. Journal of Energy Systems 10 (1): 62-74. https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1765760.

EndNote

Karapici O, Rrotani V, Bualoti R, Çelo M (March 1, 2026) A new approach for optimal phasor measurement units placement. Journal of Energy Systems 10 1 62–74.

IEEE

[1]O. Karapici, V. Rrotani, R. Bualoti, and M. Çelo, “A new approach for optimal phasor measurement units placement”, Journal of Energy Systems, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 62–74, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.30521/jes.1765760.

ISNAD

Karapici, Olsi - Rrotani, Viktor - Bualoti, Rajmonda - Çelo, Marialis. “A New Approach for Optimal Phasor Measurement Units Placement”. Journal of Energy Systems 10/1 (March 1, 2026): 62-74. https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1765760.

JAMA

1.Karapici O, Rrotani V, Bualoti R, Çelo M. A new approach for optimal phasor measurement units placement. Journal of Energy Systems. 2026;10:62–74.

MLA

Karapici, Olsi, et al. “A New Approach for Optimal Phasor Measurement Units Placement”. Journal of Energy Systems, vol. 10, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 62-74, doi:10.30521/jes.1765760.

Vancouver

1.Olsi Karapici, Viktor Rrotani, Rajmonda Bualoti, Marialis Çelo. A new approach for optimal phasor measurement units placement. Journal of Energy Systems. 2026 Mar. 1;10(1):62-74. doi:10.30521/jes.1765760