Analysis and performance of safety barriers in industrial processes: Rotary kiln and preheating tower of the cement plant

Manel Bidi; Ahcène Akni

doi:10.30521/jes.1822796

Analysis and performance of safety barriers in industrial processes: Rotary kiln and preheating tower of the cement plant

Abstract

The safety system is a key element in optimizing the operational safety of industrial facilities. It enables the effective implementation of safety barriers, which are essential for preventing incidents and controlling deviations in the operational parameters of industrial processes. The objective of this work is to contribute to solving specific issues related to risk analysis and the performance evaluation of protective layers at the Sigus cement plant in Algeria. Adverse events are identified using the HAZOP method. Subsequently, certain critical events are selected to calculate the frequencies of initiating events as well as the probabilities of failure on demand (i.e. PFD) of the independent protective layers associated with the preheating tower and rotary kiln. The Layer of Protection Analysis (i.e. LOPA) approach enables the assessment of these safety barriers based on the previously identified risks within the installation. This analysis has led to the proposal of more effective safety measures aimed at reducing risks to an acceptable level, with total PFDs estimated at 5.88x10⁻¹⁰ and 6.5x10⁻⁸ for scenarios 1 and 2, respectively.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Installation Technologies

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Manel Bidi ^*
0009-0005-2969-9198
Algeria

Ahcène Akni
0000-0002-3180-4218
Algeria

Early Pub Date

June 19, 2026

Publication Date

-

Submission Date

November 13, 2025

Acceptance Date

June 9, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

DOI

https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1822796

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA62GS77SW

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Bidi, M., & Akni, A. (2026). Analysis and performance of safety barriers in industrial processes: Rotary kiln and preheating tower of the cement plant. Journal of Energy Systems, Advanced Online Publication, 111-131. https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1822796

AMA

1.Bidi M, Akni A. Analysis and performance of safety barriers in industrial processes: Rotary kiln and preheating tower of the cement plant. Journal of Energy Systems. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication):111-131. doi:10.30521/jes.1822796

Chicago

Bidi, Manel, and Ahcène Akni. 2026. “Analysis and Performance of Safety Barriers in Industrial Processes: Rotary Kiln and Preheating Tower of the Cement Plant”. Journal of Energy Systems, no. Advanced Online Publication: 111-31. https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1822796.

EndNote

Bidi M, Akni A (June 1, 2026) Analysis and performance of safety barriers in industrial processes: Rotary kiln and preheating tower of the cement plant. Journal of Energy Systems Advanced Online Publication 111–131.

IEEE

[1]M. Bidi and A. Akni, “Analysis and performance of safety barriers in industrial processes: Rotary kiln and preheating tower of the cement plant”, Journal of Energy Systems, no. Advanced Online Publication, pp. 111–131, June 2026, doi: 10.30521/jes.1822796.

ISNAD

Bidi, Manel - Akni, Ahcène. “Analysis and Performance of Safety Barriers in Industrial Processes: Rotary Kiln and Preheating Tower of the Cement Plant”. Journal of Energy Systems. Advanced Online Publication (June 1, 2026): 111-131. https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1822796.

JAMA

1.Bidi M, Akni A. Analysis and performance of safety barriers in industrial processes: Rotary kiln and preheating tower of the cement plant. Journal of Energy Systems. 2026;:111–131.

MLA

Bidi, Manel, and Ahcène Akni. “Analysis and Performance of Safety Barriers in Industrial Processes: Rotary Kiln and Preheating Tower of the Cement Plant”. Journal of Energy Systems, no. Advanced Online Publication, June 2026, pp. 111-3, doi:10.30521/jes.1822796.

Vancouver

1.Manel Bidi, Ahcène Akni. Analysis and performance of safety barriers in industrial processes: Rotary kiln and preheating tower of the cement plant. Journal of Energy Systems. 2026 Jun. 1;(Advanced Online Publication):111-3. doi:10.30521/jes.1822796