Performance of biomass pyrolysis stove from bus wood waste with varying donut briquette compaction pressures

Daniel Parenden; Mujiyono Mujiyono; Didik Nurhadiyanto; Eddy Rusly

doi:10.30521/jes.1948632

Performance of biomass pyrolysis stove from bus wood waste with varying donut briquette compaction pressures

Abstract

Bus wood (Melaleuca viridiflora) is an underutilized sawmill residue in the Merauke region of South Papua. Converting this residue into densified fuel can support local biomass utilization while reducing unmanaged wood waste. This study evaluates the effect of donut-briquette compaction pressure (30, 40, and 50 bar) on the thermal behavior of a multilayer annular pyrolysis stove. The stove was instrumented with nine K-type thermocouples arranged at outer, middle, and inner radial positions across three vertical layers. Temperature profiles were recorded at 2 min intervals, and thermal output was assessed using Water Boiling Tests (WBTs; n = 16 per pressure). The inner-edge sensors produced the highest temperatures, with transient peaks approaching 900-950 °C, whereas middle-position sensors generally operated between about 400 and 750 °C. Outer-edge sensors remained cooler, although the upper-layer outer sensor reached approximately 450 °C. Mean WBT energy rates were 3.79 ± 0.23, 3.89 ± 0.17, and 3.92 ± 0.26 MJ h⁻¹ for 30, 40, and 50 bar, respectively. One-way ANOVA indicated no significant difference in mean energy rate among the three pressures (p = 0.215). The 40-bar condition showed the lowest coefficient of variation in WBT energy rate and a comparatively sustained intermediate-temperature response. These results indicate that compaction pressure affects temperature evolution and stability more strongly than mean useful energy rate within the tested range.

Keywords

Thanks

The Chancellor of Musamus University, Materials Lab, and Lab are acknowledged by the author. Support for this study was provided by the Biomass of Mechanical Engineering Education, Yogyakarta State University; Chem-Mix Pratama Lab, Yogyakarta Special Region; Termite Machine Engineering Workshop, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region; and PT. Surya Kencana Gemilang Teknik Workshop, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region.

References

1. Salas DA, Boero AJ, Ramirez AD. Life cycle assessment of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2024;199:114458. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114458
2. Taylor D, Chong K, Röder M. Designing biomass policy: the political economy of renewable energy for net zero. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment. 2024;13(2):1-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.512
3. IESR. Indonesia Energy Transition Outlook 2024. Indonesia Energy Transition Outlook 2024. 2024;4:26. Available from: https://www.iesr.or.id
4. Parenden D, Mujiyono, Nurhadiyanto D. Comparative analysis of stove pyrolysis performance of donut briquettes from bus wood waste at density variations with and without used oil injection. International Journal of Heat and Technology. 2026;44(1):329-341. doi: https://doi.org/10.18280/ijht.440129
5. Wahyuni NS, Sulistyo J. Fuelwood characteristics of five species grown in Merauke Forest. Wood Research Journal. 2016;7(1):13-17. doi: https://doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2016.7.1.13-17
6. Inayat A, et al. Techno-economical evaluation of bio-oil production via biomass fast pyrolysis process: a review. Frontiers in Energy Research. 2022;9:770355. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2021.770355
7. Oasmaa A, Lehto J, Solantausta Y, Kallio S. Historical review on VTT fast pyrolysis bio-oil production and upgrading. Energy & Fuels. 2021;35(7). doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00177
8. Thabuot M, Pagketanang T, Panyacharoen K, Mongkut P, Wongwicha P. Effect of applied pressure and binder proportion on the fuel properties of holey bio-briquettes. Energy Procedia. 2015;79:890-895. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.583

9. Falemara BC, Joshua VI, Aina OO, Nuhu RD. Performance evaluation of the physical and combustion properties of briquettes produced from agro-wastes and wood residues. Recycling. 2018;3(3):37. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling3030037
10. Glalah M, Antwi-Boasiako C, Adu-Gyamfi D. Binder-type effect on the physico-mechanical, combustion and emission properties of Alstonia boonei De Wild. sawdust and Theobroma cacao L. pod biochar briquettes for energy applications. PLoS One. 2024;19(7):e0306827. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306827
11. Obi OF, Pecenka R, Clifford MJ. A review of biomass briquette binders and quality parameters. Energies. 2022;15(7):2426. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072426
12. Gutiérrez J, Chica EL, Pérez JF. Parametric analysis of a gasification-based cookstove as a function of biomass density, gasification behavior, airflow ratio, and design. ACS Omega. 2022;7(9):7481-7498. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c05137
13. Hailu A. Development and performance analysis of top lit updraft: natural draft gasifier stoves with various feed stocks. Heliyon. 2022;8(8):e10163. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10163
14. Muñoz DF, Gutiérrez J, Pérez JF. Effect of the air flows ratio on energy behavior and NOx emissions from a top-lit updraft biomass cookstove. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering. 2023;45(11):1-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-023-04473-7
15. Sinha A, Vazquez JC, Ruiz-Garcia V, Masera O, Grieshop AP. Evaluating a simplified oxidation flow reactor configuration to characterize fresh and aged emissions from traditional and plancha-type cookstoves under field-like conditions. Atmospheric Environment. 2024;328:120498. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120498
16. Phillip E, et al. Improved cookstoves to reduce household air pollution exposure in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review of intervention studies. PLoS One. 2023;18(4):e0284908. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284908
17. Suharno, Kadir A. Adaptation and local knowledge of the Marind Anim Tribes in the utilization of Paperbark trees (Melaleuca leucadendron) in Merauke, South Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 2023;24(11):6323-6331. doi: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d241157
18. Laloon K, Junsiri C, Sanchumpu P, Ansuree P. Factors affecting the biomass pellet using industrial eucalyptus bark residue. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2024;14(9):10101-10113. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03126-4
19. Champion WM, et al. Cookstove emissions and performance evaluation using a new ISO protocol and comparison of results with previous test protocols. Environmental Science & Technology. 2021;55(22):15333-15342. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03390
20. Hayyat U, et al. Recent developments and challenges in biomass cookstove. Energy Reports. 2024;12:2193-2208. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.08.016
21. Devara IKG, Lestari WA, Paturi UMR, Park JH, Reddy NGS. Estimation of several wood biomass calorific values from their proximate analysis based on artificial neural networks. Materials. 2025;18(14):3264. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18143264
22. Kaoke DF, Le Brech Y, Talla E, Dufour A, Kouotou PM. Physicochemical and thermal properties of some key tropical sawdust woods for energy production. Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems. 2024;14(1):1-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.4236/jsbs.2024.141001
23. Jenkins BM, Baxter LL, Miles TR, Miles TR. Combustion properties of biomass. Fuel Processing Technology. 1998;54(1):17-46. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3820(97)00059-3
24. Morimoto K, Tsuda K, Mizuno D. Literature review on the utilization of rice husks: focus on application of materials for digital fabrication. Materials. 2023;16(16):5597. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165597
25. Yang S, et al. Experimental study on the effects of washing time, washing temperature, and particle size on the combustion and ash formation characteristics of rice husk. ACS Omega. 2024;9(51):50705-50719. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c08820
26. Ko H, Lee M, Sen R, Choi J, Oh S. Pyrolysis characteristics of empty fruit bunches at different temperatures and heating rates. Energies. 2025;18(6):1404. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061404
27. Esteves B, Sen U, Pereira H. Influence of chemical composition on heating value of biomass: a review and bibliometric analysis. Energies. 2023;16(10):4226. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104226
28. Yunusa SU, et al. Biomass cookstoves: a review of technical aspects and recent advances. Energy Nexus. 2023;11:100225. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nexus.2023.100225
29. Ibitoye SE, Jen TC, Mahamood RM, Akinlabi ET. Densification of agro-residues for sustainable energy generation: an overview. Bioresources and Bioprocessing. 2021;8(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-021-00427-w
30. Kiprop Limo L, Starovoytova Madara D, Ochola J. Characterization of corn stover and eucalyptus sawdust for pellet production. European Journal of Energy Research. 2024;4(2):1-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.24018/ejenergy.2024.4.2.135
31. Liu HB, Zhao CY. Effect of radial porosity oscillation on the thermal performance of packed bed latent heat storage. Engineering. 2021;7(4):515-525. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.020
32. Wehinger GD, Scharf F. Thermal radiation effects on heat transfer in slender packed-bed reactors: particle-resolved CFD simulations and 2D modeling. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 2022;184:24-38. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2022.05.034
33. Nganko JM, et al. Modeling and optimization of compaction pressure, binder percentage and retention time in the production process of carbonized sawdust-based biofuel briquettes using response surface methodology (RSM). Heliyon. 2024;10(3):e25376. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25376
34. Styks J, Wróbel M, Fraczek J, Knapczyk A. Effect of compaction pressure and moisture content on quality parameters of perennial biomass pellets. Energies. 2020;13(8):1859. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/en13081859
35. Aliyu M, et al. Effect of compaction pressure and biomass type (rice husk and sawdust) on some physical and combustion properties of briquettes. Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment. 2021;17(March):61-70.
36. Daniel KK, Siagi ZO, Ogola JO. Effect of formulation, binder and compaction pressure of rice husk-bagasse briquettes on thermal and physical properties. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports. 2020;26(10):38-53. doi: https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2020/v26i1030320

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Renewable Energy Resources

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Daniel Parenden ^*
0000-0003-3539-0726
Indonesia

Mujiyono Mujiyono This is me
0000-0002-9208-8913
Indonesia

Didik Nurhadiyanto This is me
0000-0003-0643-0776
Indonesia

Eddy Rusly This is me
0009-0002-4869-9474
Indonesia

Early Pub Date

October 21, 2026

Publication Date

-

Submission Date

May 11, 2026

Acceptance Date

October 7, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

DOI

https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1948632

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA68FY69KX

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Parenden, D., Mujiyono, M., Nurhadiyanto, D., & Rusly, E. (2026). Performance of biomass pyrolysis stove from bus wood waste with varying donut briquette compaction pressures. Journal of Energy Systems, Advanced Online Publication, 195-208. https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1948632

AMA

1.Parenden D, Mujiyono M, Nurhadiyanto D, Rusly E. Performance of biomass pyrolysis stove from bus wood waste with varying donut briquette compaction pressures. Journal of Energy Systems. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication):195-208. doi:10.30521/jes.1948632

Chicago

Parenden, Daniel, Mujiyono Mujiyono, Didik Nurhadiyanto, and Eddy Rusly. 2026. “Performance of Biomass Pyrolysis Stove from Bus Wood Waste With Varying Donut Briquette Compaction Pressures”. Journal of Energy Systems, no. Advanced Online Publication: 195-208. https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1948632.

EndNote

Parenden D, Mujiyono M, Nurhadiyanto D, Rusly E (October 1, 2026) Performance of biomass pyrolysis stove from bus wood waste with varying donut briquette compaction pressures. Journal of Energy Systems Advanced Online Publication 195–208.

IEEE

[1]D. Parenden, M. Mujiyono, D. Nurhadiyanto, and E. Rusly, “Performance of biomass pyrolysis stove from bus wood waste with varying donut briquette compaction pressures”, Journal of Energy Systems, no. Advanced Online Publication, pp. 195–208, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.30521/jes.1948632.

ISNAD

Parenden, Daniel - Mujiyono, Mujiyono - Nurhadiyanto, Didik - Rusly, Eddy. “Performance of Biomass Pyrolysis Stove from Bus Wood Waste With Varying Donut Briquette Compaction Pressures”. Journal of Energy Systems. Advanced Online Publication (October 1, 2026): 195-208. https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1948632.

JAMA

1.Parenden D, Mujiyono M, Nurhadiyanto D, Rusly E. Performance of biomass pyrolysis stove from bus wood waste with varying donut briquette compaction pressures. Journal of Energy Systems. 2026;:195–208.

MLA

Parenden, Daniel, et al. “Performance of Biomass Pyrolysis Stove from Bus Wood Waste With Varying Donut Briquette Compaction Pressures”. Journal of Energy Systems, no. Advanced Online Publication, Oct. 2026, pp. 195-08, doi:10.30521/jes.1948632.

Vancouver

1.Daniel Parenden, Mujiyono Mujiyono, Didik Nurhadiyanto, Eddy Rusly. Performance of biomass pyrolysis stove from bus wood waste with varying donut briquette compaction pressures. Journal of Energy Systems. 2026 Oct. 1;(Advanced Online Publication):195-208. doi:10.30521/jes.1948632