The electromagnetic modeling and the co-simulation of a direct drive axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generator

Year 2020, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 32 - 47, 30.06.2020

Mustafa Akın Selami Balcı

https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.690997

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Direct drive gearless axial flux permanent magnet synchronous generators (AFPMSG) are designed as multi-pole for use in vertical axis wind turbines. In particular, there are multi-pole core/coreless stator structures with axial flux for use in vertical axis wind turbines (WT) that can be designed in a compact structure at low wind speeds. In this study, the parametric simulation studies have been carried out according to rotor mechanical speeds with certain linear steps depending on different wind speed scenarios for an AFPMSG designed with 16-pole and cored stator for 5 kVA rated power with the finite element analysis (FEA) software. According to the analysis results obtained, the performance of the generator is reported and current, voltage, power losses and flux distribution are investigated. In addition, the DC bus voltage at the output of the DC-DC boost converter circuit due to wind speed changes is adaptively controlled for AFPMSG, which is co-simulated with the power electronics interface used at the generator output. Thus, both power electronics circuit performance and generator side have been simulated simultaneously with electromagnetic modeling. Therefore, the performance of the designed AFPMSG, which is modeled in three dimensions (3D) before the prototype stage, can be determined under more realistic conditions.

Keywords

Direct drive AFPMSG, Parametric FEA, Power electronics interface, Wind generator, Wind speed

References

• [1] Guo, Z. & Chang, L. FEM study on permanent magnet synchronous generators for small wind turbines, IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, (CCECE/CCGEI), 1-4 May 2005, Saskatoon, Canada, pp.641-644, DOI: 10.1109/CCECE.2005.1557012.
• [2] Chang, L. & Wang, Q. Application of finite element method in design of a 50kW direct drive synchronous generator for variable speed wind turbines”, IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. Conference Proceedings, (CCECE), 2002, Canada, pp.106-111, DOI: 10.1109/CCECE.2002.1015183.
• [3] Kurt, E. & Gor, H. Electromagnetic design of a new axial flux generator, IEEE 6th Edition Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligenc (ECAI 2014), 23-25 Oct. 2014, Bucharest, România, pp.39-42.
• [4] Kurt, E., Gor, H., & Doner, U. Electromagnetic design of a new axial and radial flux generator with the rotor back-irons, Int. Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 4(1), 7019-7026.
• [5] Wallace, RR., Lipo, TA., Moran, LA, & Tapiai, JA. Design and construction of a permanent magnet axial flux synchronous generator. IEEE Electric Machines and Drives Conference, 1997, USA, pp. MA1/4.1-MA1/4.3, DOI: 10.1109/IEMDC.1997.604061
• [6] Mellah, H. & Hemsas, K. Simulations analysis with comparative study of PMSG performances for small WT application by FEM, International Journal of Energy Engineering, 2013, 3(2), 55-64.
• [7] Li, H. &Chen, Z. Overview of different wind generator systems and their comparisons, IET Renewable Power Generation, 2008, 2 (2), 123-138.
• [8] Mihai, AM., Benelghali, S., Simion, AI., R. Outbib, R., & Livadaru, L. Design and FEM Analysis of five-phase permanent magnet generators for gearless small-scale wind turbines, IEEE 20th International Conference on Electrical Machines, 2012, pp.150-156, DOI: 10.1109/ICElMach.2012.6349856.
• [9] Xue, YS., Han, L., Li, H., & Xie, LD. Optimal design and comparison of different PM synchronous generator systems for wind turbines, IEEE International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2008, Wuhan, China, pp.2448-2453.
• [10] Ege, ES. The design of a transversal flux permanent magnet synchronous machine for direct driven wind turbines, (M.Sc.), Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey, 2009.
• [11] Weh, H. Transverse-flux machines in drive and generator application, Proceeding of the IEEE Symposium on Electric Power Engineering, 1995, Stockholm, Sweeden, pp. 75-80.
• [12] Shokri, M., Behjat, V., & Rostami, N. Characterization of axial flux permanent magnet generator under various geometric parameters for improved performance, Gazi University Journal of Science (GU J. Sci.), 2015, 28 (2), 285-294.
• [13] Han K. & Chen, GZ. A novel control strategy of wind turbine MPPT implementation for direct-drive PMSG wind generation imitation platform, IEEE 6th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, (IPEMC), 2009, Wuhan, China, pp.2255-2259, DOI: 10.1109/IPEMC.2009.5157778.
• [14] Guler, N., Irmak, E., Gor, H., & Kurt, E., An inverter design for a new permanent magnet synchronous generator, Int. Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 4(2), 17723 -17732.
• [15] Sinha, S. & Chandel, SS. Prospects of solar photovoltaic – micro-wind-based hybrid power systems in western Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh in India, Energy Conversion and Management, 2015, 105(15), 1340-1351.
• [16] Huner E. & Ataozden, Y. Electromagnetic design and analysis of an IPMS alternator for micro wind turbine via 3D FEA program, Kirklareli University Journal of Engineering and Science, 2016, 2, 60-73.
• [17] Balci, S. &Helvaci, O., A comparative simulation on the grounding grid system of a wind turbine with FEA software, Journal of Energy Systems, 2019, 3(4), 148-157. DOI: 10.30521/jes.6137.
• [18] Balci, S. Modeling and Analysis of Inverter Output Transformers, (M.Sc.), Institute of Science and Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, 2010,
• [19] Balci, S. Analysis of the effect of different stator slot structures on the terminal voltage of the synchronous generators with finite element method, BEU Journal of Science and Technology, 2019, 8(3), 947-957, DOI: 10.17798/bitlisfen.518348.
• [20] Bouloukza, I., Mordjaoui, M., Kurt, E., Bal, G., & Ökmen, C. Electromagnetic design of new radial flux permanent magnet motor, Journal of Energy Systems, 2018, 2(1), 13- 27, DOI: 10.30521/jes.397836.
• [21] Shan, DT & Wang, XH. Finite element analysis of permanent magnet induction generator, Advanced Materials Research, 2012, DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.614-615.1250.
• [22] Bastos JPA & Sadowski N. Electromagnetic modeling by finite element methods, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 2003.
• [23] Rmxprt and Maxwell help datasheets, Ansys Electronics Desktop, 2019R3. Retrieved from https://www.ansys.com/products/electronics/ansys-rmxprt
• [24] Zhang, Z., Matveev, A., Øvrebø, S., Nilssen, R., & Nysveen, A. Review of modeling methods in electromagnetic and thermal design of permanent magnet generators for wind turbines, IEEE International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP), DOI: 10.1109/ICCEP.2011.6036340, 2011, Ischia, Italy, pp.377-382.
• [25] Duan, G., Wang, H., Guo, H., & Gu, G. Direct drive permanent magnet wind generator design and electromagnetic field finite element analysis, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2010, 20 (3), 1883-1887.
• [26] Tang, RY. Modern permanent magnet machines-theory and design, Beijing: China Machinery Industry Press, 2005, 61-65.
• [27] Behjat, V. & Dehghanzadeh, AR. Experimental and 3D finite element analysis of a slotless air- cored axial flux PMSG for wind turbine application, Journal of Operation and Automation in Power Engineering, 2 (2), Summer & Fall 2014, 121-128.
• [28] Wang, T. & Wang, Q. Optimization design of a permanent magnet synchronous generator for a potential energy recovery system, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2012, 27 (4), 856-863.
• [29] Non-Oriented Electrical Steels, M19 core material, Rertrieved from, https://www.aksteel.com/our-products/electrical-steel/non-oriented-electrical-steels
• [30] Cetinceviz, Y., Uygun, D., & Demirel, H. Multi-criterion design and 2D cosimulation model of 4 kW PM synchronous generator for standalone run-of-the-river stations, IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), 2015, Palermo, Italy, pp.1470-1476, DOI: 10.1109/ICRERA.2015.7418651.