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Grid-connected photovoltaics prosumers to support smart city development in Rwanda: A case study for Ayabaraya Village

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 18 - 29, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1086675

Abstract

Access to electricity is among the important targets in Rwanda as in other regions. The grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) prosumers market segment can contribute to the rate of access to electricity in Rwanda. Grid connected PV prosumers contribute in not only increasing electricity generation capacity but also producing affordable and reliable electrical energy. Therefore, the current research analyzes the possibilities of interconnection of small-scale prosumers with a national grid. In addition, the bidirectional flow of electricity either from prosumer grid and vice versa, aiming at monitoring the continuous power supply of the load is analyzed. The study is conducted in Ayabaraya village in Rwanda and the load profile for residential, commercial and industrial prosumers are analyzed. In this research, meteorological data from Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS) up to 2016 is used to give global horizontal irradiation and ambient temperature. The amount of energy imported from and exported to the grid is determined by the connected appliances, the capacity of the PV system, and the amount of available irradiance at the time. The Home Energy Management System (HEMS), inverter control strategies, and prosumer load types are considered. The simulation reveals that available irradiance less than 30W/m2 at a time is below the grid-tie inverter's threshold power thus, the prosumer imports electricity from the grid. At irradiance larger than 30W/m2, the prosumer may optimize self-consumption and injects the surplus into grid.

Thanks

We would like to show gratitude to the African Center of Excellence in Energy and Sustainable Development for moral and financial support to supporting research works of PhD and master students. We thank our research supervisors, Alexander Lugatona Kyaruzi and Jean Marie Vianney Bikorimna, who provided insight and expertise that greatly assisted the research organization and for their comments that greatly improved the manuscript.

References

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  • [22] Olowu, TO, Sundararajan, A, Moghaddami, M, Sarwat, AI. Future challenges and mitigation methods for high photovoltaic penetration: A survey. Energies 2018; 11:1782. DOI: 10.3390/en11071782
  • [23] Geibel, JA, Braun, M, Stetz, T, Diwold, KD. Time in the Sun: The Challenge of High PV Penetration in the German Electric Grid. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 2013;11(2): 55-64.
  • [24] Zubo, R, Mokryani, G, Rajamani, H, Aghaei, J, Niknam, T, Pillai, P. Operation and planning of distribution networks with integration of renewable distributed generators considering uncertainties: Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017; 72: 1177-1198. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.10.036.
  • [25] Nwaigwe, KN, Mutabilwa, P, Dintwa, E. An overview of solar power (PV systems) integration into electricity grids. Materials Science for Energy Technologies 2019; 2: 629-633. DOI: 10.1016/j.mset.2019.07.002.
  • [26] Rwanda_Energy_Group. Rwanda Least Cost Power Development Plan (LCPDP) 2019-2040. Rwanda, Rwanda Energy Gr, 2019.
  • [27] Gomez-Gonzalez, M, Hernández, JC, Vidal, PG, Jurado, F. Novel optimization algorithm for the power and energy management and component sizing applied to hybrid storage-based photovoltaic household-prosumers for the provision of complementarity services. Journal of Power Sources 2021; 482: 228918. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228918.
  • [28] Korjani, S, Serpi, A, Damiano, A. A Genetic Algorithm Approach for Sizing Integrated PV-BESS Systems for Prosumers. In: IESES 2020 2. IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics for Sustainable Energy Systems; 1-3 Sept. 2020: IEEE, pp. 151-156 .
  • [29] Hlaili, M, Mechergui, H. Comparison of Different MPPT Algorithms with a Proposed One Using a Power Estimator for Grid Connected PV Systems. International Journal of Photoenergy 2016; 2016: 1-5. DOI: 10.1155/2016/1728398.
  • [30] Kazungu FMihigo EIshimwe RZyl KGonzalez-Garcia ADrouin CCiller PPérez-Arriaga IStoner R. Review Assessment of current electrification programs prepared by REG / EDCL and confirmation on institutional, technical and financial aspects. Rwanda, REG, 2015.
Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 18 - 29, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.30521/jes.1086675

Abstract

References

  • [1] Tešić, D, Blagojević, D, Lukić, A. Bringing ‘smart’ into cities to fight pandemics: With the reference to the COVID-19. Zbornik radova Departmana za geografiju, turizam i hotelijerstvo 2020; 49: 99-112. DOI: 10.5937/zbdght2001099t.
  • [2] Radecki, A. Smart cities-State of the art in Europe. Smart Impact State of the Art, 2016
  • [3] Rassia, ST, Pardalos, PM. Cities for Smart Environmental and Energy Futures. Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany: Springer 2014. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37661-0.
  • [4] Jurlina Alibegović, D. Smart Cities: Development and Governance Frameworks. Croatian Economic Survey 2018; 20: 71-82. DOI: 10.15179/ces.20.1.3.
  • [5] Swan, M. Emerging Patient-Driven Health Care Models: An Examination of Health Social Networks, Consumer Personalized Medicine and Quantified Self-Tracking. In: Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Heal. 2009; 6(2): 492–525
  • [6] Zdonek, IT, Stanisław M, Anna TM. Evaluation of the Program Subsidizing Prosumer Photovoltaic Sources in Poland. Energies 2022; 15: 1-23. DOI: 10.3390/en15030846
  • [7] Ibrahim, Mohamed AMR. EU Smart Grid Transition: Energy Prosumers & ESCO’s Between Energy Efficiency And Social Efficacy. MSc, University of Eastern Finland, Finland, 2018.
  • [8] Gautier, JPA, Jacqmin, J. The prosumers and the grid. Journal of Regulatory Economics 2018; 53: 100-126, DOI: 10.1007/s11149-018-9350-5
  • [9] Picciariello, A, Vergara, C, Reneses, J, Frías, P, Söder, L. Electricity distribution tariffs and distributed generation: Quantifying cross-subsidies from consumers to prosumers. Utilities Policy 2015; 37: 23–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2015.09.007.
  • [10] Parag, Y, Sovacool, BK. Electricity market design for the prosumer era. Nature Energy 2016; 1. DOI: 10.1038/nenergy.2016.32.
  • [11] Gautier, A, Jacqmin, J, Poudou, JC. Optimal grid tariffs with heterogeneous prosumers. Utilities Policy 2021; 68:5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jup.2020.101140.
  • [12] African Development Bank Group. Rwanda Energy Sector Review and Action Plan. Rwanda: African Development Bank Group, 2013
  • [13] Michel, Z, Incedag, Y, El-Baz, W, Tzscheutschler, P, Wagne, U. Prosumer Integration in Flexibility Markets: A Bid Development and Pricing Model. In: EI2 IEEE Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration; 20-22 Oct. 2018, Beijing china, pp. 1-9.
  • [14] Couture, T. Tapping the Potential of Commercial Prosumers. IEA-RETD, 2016.
  • [15] Korotko, T, Rosin, A, Ahmadiahangar, R. Development of prosumer logical structure and object modeling. In: CPE-POWERENG 2019. EEE 13th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering 23-25 April 2019, Sonderborg, Denmark, pp. 1–6
  • [16] Rafi Rich JT, Pontus, W, Javier, T . Smart city Rwanda MasterPlan. Governement of Rwanda, 2021.
  • [17] Rwanda Energy Group. Design of the National Electrification Plan in Rwanda. Government of. Rwanda, 2019.
  • [18] Safari, B, Gasore, J. Estimation of global solar radiation in Rwanda using empirical models. Asian Journal of Scientific Research 2009; 2: 68–75. DOI: 10.3923/ajsr.2009.68.75.
  • [19] Bimenyimana, S, Asemota, GNO, Li, L. The state of the power sector in Rwanda: A progressive sector with ambitious targets. Frontiers in Energy Research 2018; 6. DOI: 10.3389/fenrg.2018.00068.
  • [20] Yousif, N. Official Gazette no.Special of 21/09/2018. RURA Rwanda 2018; 1:1–11
  • [21] Alshahrani, A, Omer, S, Su, Y, Mohamed, E, Alotaibi, S. The technical challenges facing the integration of small-scale and large-scale PV systems into the grid: A critical review. Electronics (Switzerland) 2019; 1443. DOI: 10.3390/electronics8121443.
  • [22] Olowu, TO, Sundararajan, A, Moghaddami, M, Sarwat, AI. Future challenges and mitigation methods for high photovoltaic penetration: A survey. Energies 2018; 11:1782. DOI: 10.3390/en11071782
  • [23] Geibel, JA, Braun, M, Stetz, T, Diwold, KD. Time in the Sun: The Challenge of High PV Penetration in the German Electric Grid. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine 2013;11(2): 55-64.
  • [24] Zubo, R, Mokryani, G, Rajamani, H, Aghaei, J, Niknam, T, Pillai, P. Operation and planning of distribution networks with integration of renewable distributed generators considering uncertainties: Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017; 72: 1177-1198. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.10.036.
  • [25] Nwaigwe, KN, Mutabilwa, P, Dintwa, E. An overview of solar power (PV systems) integration into electricity grids. Materials Science for Energy Technologies 2019; 2: 629-633. DOI: 10.1016/j.mset.2019.07.002.
  • [26] Rwanda_Energy_Group. Rwanda Least Cost Power Development Plan (LCPDP) 2019-2040. Rwanda, Rwanda Energy Gr, 2019.
  • [27] Gomez-Gonzalez, M, Hernández, JC, Vidal, PG, Jurado, F. Novel optimization algorithm for the power and energy management and component sizing applied to hybrid storage-based photovoltaic household-prosumers for the provision of complementarity services. Journal of Power Sources 2021; 482: 228918. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228918.
  • [28] Korjani, S, Serpi, A, Damiano, A. A Genetic Algorithm Approach for Sizing Integrated PV-BESS Systems for Prosumers. In: IESES 2020 2. IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics for Sustainable Energy Systems; 1-3 Sept. 2020: IEEE, pp. 151-156 .
  • [29] Hlaili, M, Mechergui, H. Comparison of Different MPPT Algorithms with a Proposed One Using a Power Estimator for Grid Connected PV Systems. International Journal of Photoenergy 2016; 2016: 1-5. DOI: 10.1155/2016/1728398.
  • [30] Kazungu FMihigo EIshimwe RZyl KGonzalez-Garcia ADrouin CCiller PPérez-Arriaga IStoner R. Review Assessment of current electrification programs prepared by REG / EDCL and confirmation on institutional, technical and financial aspects. Rwanda, REG, 2015.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Electrical Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Fabien Mukundufite 0000-0002-1555-8010

Jean D'amour Niyonsaba 0000-0001-8189-0938

Jean Marie Vianney Bikorimana 0000-0001-5127-6291

Alexander Kyaruzi Lugatona 0000-0002-2542-5852

Publication Date March 31, 2023
Acceptance Date November 8, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Mukundufite F, Niyonsaba JD, Bikorimana JMV, Kyaruzi Lugatona A. Grid-connected photovoltaics prosumers to support smart city development in Rwanda: A case study for Ayabaraya Village. JES. 2023;7(1):18-29.

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