Research Article

RING NUMBER SATURATION IN NEAR-FIELD FOCUSING RLSA ANTENNAS: A FULL-WAVE PARAMETRIC STUDY FROM 1 TO 10 RINGS

Volume: 14 Number: 2 June 30, 2026
TR EN

RING NUMBER SATURATION IN NEAR-FIELD FOCUSING RLSA ANTENNAS: A FULL-WAVE PARAMETRIC STUDY FROM 1 TO 10 RINGS

Abstract

Radial line slot array (RLSA) antennas are widely used for near-field focusing, yet the impact of ring count on matching and focal quality remains unquantified. This study systematically varies the number of concentric slot rings from 1 to 10 in a near-field focusing RLSA, using a validated full-wave finite element method (FEM) framework with a wideband 10–20 GHz characterization. The central finding is a saturation point: near-field focusing quality and matched power efficiency improve noticeably up to 6–8 rings, beyond which gains diminish or vanish. Specifically, the matched focusing gain density radiated power per unit aperture area with impedance matched peaks at Ring 5, absolute focal field strength peaks at Ring 9, and Ring 10 adds no significant benefit over Ring 9 in any metric. Radiated power is non-monotonic, dropping from 0.97 W (R8) to 0.88 W (R9) due to radial wave decay in the cavity. These results break the perception that more rings always yield better performance and provide quantitative design guidance: for power-efficient near-field systems, 4–6 rings suffice; for maximum focal intensity, 8–9 rings are optimal

Keywords

Supporting Institution

TUBITAK

Project Number

1059B192400146

Ethical Statement

No conflict of interest was declared by the authors.

Thanks

I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Mauro Ettorre for introducing RLSA topic.

References

  1. Albani, M., A. Mazzinghi, and A. Freni. 2009. “Asymptotic Approximation of Mutual Admittance Involved in MoM Analysis of RLSA Antennas.” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57 (4): 1057–63. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2009.2015798.
  2. Albani, M., A. Mazzinghi, and A. Freni. 2011. “Rigorous MoM Analysis of Finite Conductivity Effects in RLSA Antennas.” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 59 (11): 4023–32. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2011.2164187.
  3. Albani, M., A. Mazzinghi, and A. Freni. 2012. “Automatic Design of CP-RLSA Antennas.” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60 (12): 5538–47. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2012.2214014.
  4. Albani, M., G. La Cono, R. Gardelli, and A. Freni. 2006. “An Efficient Full-Wave Method of Moments Analysis for RLSA Antennas.” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 54 (8): 2326–36. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.2006.879197.
  5. Alwareth, H., I. M. Ibrahim, Z. Zakaria, T. Purnamirza, and A. J. A. Al-Gburi. 2025. “Radial Line Slot Array (RLSA) Antennas: A Systematic Review of Performance Enhancements, Design Challenges, and Future Research Directions.” IEEE Access 13: 191554–88. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3625221.
  6. Ando, M., T. Numata, J.-I. Takada, and N. Goto. 1988. “A Linearly Polarized Radial Line Slot Antenna.” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 36 (12): 1675–80. https://doi.org/10.1109/8.14389.
  7. Ando, M., K. Sakurai, N. Goto, K. Arimura, and Y. Ito. 1985. “A Radial Line Slot Antenna for 12 GHz Satellite TV Reception.” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 33 (12): 1347–53. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAP.1985.1143526.
  8. Bialkowski, M. E., and P. W. Davis. 2002. “Analysis of a Circular Patch Antenna Radiating in a Parallel-Plate Radial Guide.” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 50 (2): 180–87. https://doi.org/10.1109/8.997992.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Antennas and Propagation

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 30, 2026

Submission Date

February 18, 2026

Acceptance Date

May 6, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 14 Number: 2

APA
Satılmış, G. (2026). RING NUMBER SATURATION IN NEAR-FIELD FOCUSING RLSA ANTENNAS: A FULL-WAVE PARAMETRIC STUDY FROM 1 TO 10 RINGS. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 14(2), 386-398. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1892221
AMA
1.Satılmış G. RING NUMBER SATURATION IN NEAR-FIELD FOCUSING RLSA ANTENNAS: A FULL-WAVE PARAMETRIC STUDY FROM 1 TO 10 RINGS. JESD. 2026;14(2):386-398. doi:10.21923/jesd.1892221
Chicago
Satılmış, Gökhan. 2026. “RING NUMBER SATURATION IN NEAR-FIELD FOCUSING RLSA ANTENNAS: A FULL-WAVE PARAMETRIC STUDY FROM 1 TO 10 RINGS”. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi 14 (2): 386-98. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1892221.
EndNote
Satılmış G (June 1, 2026) RING NUMBER SATURATION IN NEAR-FIELD FOCUSING RLSA ANTENNAS: A FULL-WAVE PARAMETRIC STUDY FROM 1 TO 10 RINGS. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi 14 2 386–398.
IEEE
[1]G. Satılmış, “RING NUMBER SATURATION IN NEAR-FIELD FOCUSING RLSA ANTENNAS: A FULL-WAVE PARAMETRIC STUDY FROM 1 TO 10 RINGS”, JESD, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 386–398, June 2026, doi: 10.21923/jesd.1892221.
ISNAD
Satılmış, Gökhan. “RING NUMBER SATURATION IN NEAR-FIELD FOCUSING RLSA ANTENNAS: A FULL-WAVE PARAMETRIC STUDY FROM 1 TO 10 RINGS”. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi 14/2 (June 1, 2026): 386-398. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.1892221.
JAMA
1.Satılmış G. RING NUMBER SATURATION IN NEAR-FIELD FOCUSING RLSA ANTENNAS: A FULL-WAVE PARAMETRIC STUDY FROM 1 TO 10 RINGS. JESD. 2026;14:386–398.
MLA
Satılmış, Gökhan. “RING NUMBER SATURATION IN NEAR-FIELD FOCUSING RLSA ANTENNAS: A FULL-WAVE PARAMETRIC STUDY FROM 1 TO 10 RINGS”. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 386-98, doi:10.21923/jesd.1892221.
Vancouver
1.Gökhan Satılmış. RING NUMBER SATURATION IN NEAR-FIELD FOCUSING RLSA ANTENNAS: A FULL-WAVE PARAMETRIC STUDY FROM 1 TO 10 RINGS. JESD. 2026 Jun. 1;14(2):386-98. doi:10.21923/jesd.1892221