TAXONOMY, MORPHOLOGY, AND PALEOECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF GLOBIGERINELLA CALIDA (PARKER, 1962) FROM THE LATE MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE OF THE MANAVGAT SUB-BASIN (ANTALYA BASIN, SW TÜRKİYE)

Abstract

This study investigates the taxonomic and morphological characteristics of Globigerinella calida (Parker, 1962) individuals recovered from the MNV composite section, Manavgat Sub-basin (Antalya Basin). Recorded in 14 out of 46 samples from the late middle Pleistocene, fan-delta front succession, the species displays all diagnostic adult features, including radial elongation of the ultimate chamber, five chambers in the final whorl, a distinctly lobulate periphery and a narrow-lipped aperture. However, across all studied levels, the aperture extends from the umbilicus toward the periphery without reaching the final umbilical-extraumbilical position described in the literature, and individuals are markedly smaller than literature reference specimens, with even the largest specimen measuring only 200 μm. The consistency of these features throughout the population suggests a multifactorial environmental stress regime, combining regional oligotrophy, dynamic fan-delta depositional conditions, and Middle Pleistocene glacial-interglacial climatic fluctuations, rather than an isolated taphonomic effect. This study provides a new regional record of morphological variability in G. calida from the Eastern Mediterranean and establishes a basis for future ecophenotypic research.

Keywords

• Globigerinella calida
• Manavgat Sub-basin
• Late Middle Pleistocene
• Apertural morphology
• Size reduction

Supporting Institution

SDÜ BAP

Project Number

SDÜ BAP FUA-2024-9246

Thanks

This study was supported by the Süleyman Demirel University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit under project number FUA-2024-9246. I would like to thank Prof. Dr. Michal Kucera for confirming the identification of the Globigerinella calida species, which is the subject of this study.

MANAVGAT ALT HAVZASI (ANTALYA HAVZASI, GB TÜRKİYE) GEÇ ORTA PLEYİSTOSEN ÇÖKELLERİNDE GLOBIGERINELLA CALIDA (PARKER, 1962): TAKSONOMİ, MORFOLOJİ VE PALEOEKOLOJİK DEĞERLENDİRME

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Manavgat Alt Havzası'ndaki (Antalya Havzası) MNV kompozit kesitinden elde edilen Globigerinella calida (Parker, 1962) bireylerinin taksonomik ve morfolojik özelliklerini incelemektedir. Geç Orta Pleyistosen yaşlı ve yelpaze-delta önü ortamında çökelmiş sedimentlerden, 46 örneğin 14'ünde tespit edilen tür, radyal uzamış son loca, son turda beş loca, belirgin loblu periferi, ve dar dudaklı apertür gibi diyagnostik erişkin özelliklerinin tamamını taşımaktadır. Ancak incelenen tüm seviyelerde, apertürün ombilikten çevreye doğru uzamakla birlikte literatürde tanımlanan nihai ombilikal-ekstraombilikal konuma ulaşmadığı ve bireylerin literatür referanslarına kıyasla belirgin şekilde küçük boyutlu olduğu (en büyük birey dahi 200 µm) gözlenmiştir. Bu özelliklerin popülasyon genelinde tutarlı olması, izole bir tafonomik etkiden çok, bölgesel oligotrofi, dinamik yelpaze-delta ortam koşulları (ilerleyen-gerileyen-ilerleyen) ve Orta Pleyistosen buzul-buzularası döngülerin getirdiği sıcaklık ve tuzluluk dalgalanmaları ile birlikte oluşan çok faktörlü bir çevresel stres rejimine işaret etmektedir. Çalışma, G. calida'nın Doğu Akdeniz'deki morfolojik değişkenliğine dair yeni bir bölgesel kayıt sunmakta ve gelecekteki ekofenotipik araştırmalar için bir temel oluşturmaktadır.

Keywords

• Globigerinella calida
• Manavgat Alt Havzası
• Geç Orta Pleyistosen
• Apertural Morfoloji
• Boyut Küçülmesi

Supporting Institution

SDÜ BAP

Project Number

SDÜ BAP FUA-2024-9246

Thanks

Bu çalışma Süleyman Demirel üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından FUA-2024-9246 nolu proje ile destektenmiştir. Bu çalışmaya konu Globigerinella calida türünün teşhisini teyit eden Prof. Dr. Michal Kucera'ya teşekkür ederim.

References

1. Aze, T., Ezard, T., Purvis, A., Coxall, H., Stewart, D., Wade, B., Pearson, P., 2011. A phylogeny of Cenozoic macroperforate planktonic foraminifera from fossil data. Biological Reviews, 86, 900-927. 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00178.x.
2. Banner, F. T. and Blow, W. H., 1959. The classification and stratigraphical distribution of the Globigerinaceae. Palaeontology. 2(1): 1-27.
3. Bé, A.W.H., and Tolderlund, D.S., 1971. Distribution and ecology of living planktonic foraminifera in surface waters of the Atlantic and In dian Oceans. B.M. Funnel, and W.R. Riedel (eds.), In Micropaleontology of Oceans, London, Cambridge University Press, 105-149.
4. Bé, A.W.H., 1977. Chapter 1: An Ecological, Zoogeographic and Taxonomic Review of Recent Planktonic Foraminifera, in: Ramsay, A.T.S. (Ed.), Oceanic Micropaleontology. Academic Press, London, 1–100.
5. Carpenter, W. B.; Parker, W. K.; Jones, J. R., 1862. Introduction to the Study of the Foraminifera. 319 pp. The Ray Society, London. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37432
6. Cushman, J. A., 1927. An outline of a re-classification of the Foraminifera. Contributions from the Cushman Laboratory for Foraminiferal Research. 3(1): 1-105. https://business.cushmanfoundation.org/ap/CloudFile/Download/P7DeWv4L
7. Di Stefano, A., Baldassini, N., Raffi, I., Fornaciari, E., Incarbona, A., Negri, A., Bonomo, S., Villa, G., Di Stefano, E., Rio, D., 2023. Neogene-Quaternary Mediterranean calcareous nannofossil biozonation and biochronology: a review. Stratigraphy, 20(4), 259-302.
8. d’Orbigny, A. D., 1826. Tableau méthodique de la classe des Céphalopodes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. 7: 96-128 [96-120 by Férussac]; (2): 129-169, fold-out table; (3): 245-314, pls. 10-17.

9. d'Orbigny, A., 1839. Foraminifèrs. In: de la Sagra, R. (Ed.), Histoire Physique et Naturelle.de L'ile de Cuba. Bertrand A, Paris, p. 82.
10. Egger, J. G., 1893. Foraminiferen aus Meeresgrundproben, gelothet von 1874 bis 1876 von S. M. Sch. Gazelle. Abhandlungen der königlichen bayerischen Akademie Wissenschaften zu München. 18(2): 195-457.
11. https://www.marinespecies.org
12. http://www.mikrotax.org
13. Hemleben, C., Spindler, M. and Roger Anderson, O., 1989. Modern Planktonic Foraminifera. Springer, New York, 363 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3544-6
14. Kanbur, S., 2025. Neglected small foraminifers of the Eastern Mediterranean and their paleoecological importance. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 55(2), 218-232.
15. Kennett, J.P., Srinivasan, M.S., 1983. Neogene Planktonic Foraminifera: A Phylogenetic Atlas. Hutchinson Ross Publishing Co., Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, 265 s.
16. Kucera, M., 2007. Chapter Six Planktonic Foraminifera as Tracers of Past Oceanic Environments. Developments in Marine Geology, 1, 213-262. 10.1016/S1572-5480(07)01011-1.
17. Lankester, E.R., 1885. Protozoa. In: Anon (ed.): Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th ed. 19: 830-866. https://digital.nls.uk/encyclopaedia-britannica/archive/194071193
18. Lirer, F., Foresi, L.M., Iaccarino, S.M., Salvatorini, G., Turco, E., Cosentino, C., Sierro, F.J., Caruso, A., 2019. Mediterranean Neogene planktonic foraminifer biozonation and biochronology. Earth-Science Reviews, 196.
19. Loeblich, A.R., Jr., Tappan, H., 1994. Foraminifera of the Sahul Shelf and Timor Sea. Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication, 31, 661 s.
20. Numberger, L., Hemleben, C., Hoffmann, R., Mackensen, A., Schulz, H., Wunderlich, J.-M., Kucera, M., 2009. Habitats, abundance patterns and isotopic signals of morphotypes of the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber (d'Orbigny) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea since the Marine Isotopic Stage 12. Marine Micropaleontology, 73, 90-104.
21. Parker, F.L., 1962. Planktonic foraminiferal species in Pacific sediments. Micropaleontology, 8(2), 219-254.
22. Sarı, S., Cipollari, P., Faranda, C., Kanbur, S., Racano, S., Cosentino, D., 2026. Tectono-sedimentary evolution and uplift of the Antalya Basin (Southern Türkiye) during the late Middle Pleistocene: Insights from the Manavgat fan-delta complex. Marine Geoscience and Energy Resources, 192, 207810.
23. Schiebel, R., Hemleben, C., 2017. Planktic Foraminifers in the Modern Ocean. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 358 s.
24. Weiner, A.K.M., Weinkauf, M.F.G., Kurasawa, A., Darling, K.F., Kucera, M., 2015. Genetic and morphometric evidence for parallel evolution of the Globigerinella calida morphotype. Marine Micropaleontology, 114, 19-35.
25. Zarkogiannis, S.D., Antonarakou, A., Tripati, A., Kontakiotis, G., Mortyn, P.G., Drinia, H., Greaves, M., 2019. Influence of surface ocean density on planktonic foraminifera calcification. Scientific Reports, 9.
26. Zarkogiannis, S., Kontakiotis, G., Antonarakou, A., 2020. Recent planktonic foraminifera population and size response to Eastern Mediterranean hydrography. Revue de Micropaléontologie, 69.