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SU KAYNAKLARINDA VE ŞEBEKELERDE ÇÖZÜNMÜŞ ORGANİK AZOTUN MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMİNİN İZLENMESİ

Year 2020, , 961 - 972, 24.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.724137

Abstract

Yüksek sitotoksik ve genotoksik özelliğe sahip azotlu dezenfeksiyon yan ürünlerinin (A-DYÜ) oluşumunda etkisi olduğu için, çözünmüş organik azot (ÇOA) su temininde ve arıtımında son yıllarda önem kazanmıştır. Yapılan uluslararası çalışmalarda tarımsal faaliyetler, evsel ve endüstriyel atıksu deşarjları, alg faaliyetlerinin artması gibi nedenlerle içme suyu kaynaklarında organik azot konsantrasyonlarının arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın ana amacı farklı su kaynaklarında ve içme suyu şebekelerinde ÇOA’nın mevsimsel değişiminin izlenmesidir. Eğirdir Gölü ve Karaağaç Su Kaynağı olmak üzere 2 farklı içme suyu kaynağı ve Isparta, Konyaaltı ve Kumluca içme suyu şebekeleri olmak üzere 3 farklı su şebekesinde bir yıl süre ile aylık olarak azot türleri izlenmiştir. Eğirdir Gölü için en yüksek ve en düşük ÇOA değerleri sırasıyla 0,74 ve 0,15 mg/L olarak ölçülmüştür. Karaağaç doğal su kaynağı için en yüksek ve en düşük ÇOA değerleri sırasıyla 0,58 ve 0,09 mg/L olarak ölçülmüştür. Eğirdir Gölü için sonbahar aylarında ÇOA değeri daha yüksektir ve 0,74 mg/L’dir. Şebekelerde en yüksek ÇOA değeri Isparta, Konyaaltı ve Kumluca için sırasıyla 0,37; 0,39 ve 0,14 mg/L’dir. A-DYÜ oluşum potansiyeli düşük ÇOK/ÇOA oranına sahip sularda yüksek olduğu rapor edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında test edilen kaynaklarda ÇOK/ÇOA oranı oldukça düşüktür. A-DYÜ oluşumuna sebep olmasının yanı sıra, membranların tıkanmasına sebep olduğu ve konvansiyonel arıtma işlemleri ile giderilemediği için ÇOA değerlerinin içme suyu kaynaklarında ve şebekelerde izlenmesi önem kazanmaktadır.

Supporting Institution

Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Yönetim Birimi Başkanlığı

Project Number

4722-D2-16

Thanks

Bu çalışma 4722-D2-16 No`lu Proje ile Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Yönetim Birimi Başkanlığı tarafından desteklenmiştir.

References

  • Al-Omari, A., Muhammetoğlu, A., Karadirek, E., Jiries, A., Batarseh, M., Topkaya, B., Soyupak, S., 2014. A Review on Formation and Decay Kinetics of Trihalomethanes in Water of Different Qualities. Clean–Soil, Air, Water, 42(12), 1687–1700.
  • APHA, 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environmental Federation, Washington DC.
  • ASAT, 2015. Antalya Büyükşehir Belediyesi, Su ve Atıksu İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü, Çevre Koruma ve Kontrol Dairesi Başkanlığı, Su Kalite Kontrol Laboratuvarı, Laboratuvar Şube Müdürlüğü (Web Sitesi: https://www.asat.gov.tr/tr/su_kalite.html).
  • Bazri, M. M., Martijn, B., Kroesbergen, J., Mohseni, M., 2016. Impact of anionic ion exchange resins on NOM fractions: Effect on N-DBPs and C-DBPs precursors. Chemosphere, 144, 1988–1995.
  • Bond, T., Templeton, M. R., Graham, N., 2012. Precursors of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in drinking water–A critical review and analysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials 235– 236 1– 16.
  • Bond, T., Kamal, N. H. M., Bonnisseau, T., Templeton, M. R., 2014. Disinfection by-product formation from the chlorination and chloramination of amines. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 278, 288–296.
  • Bulut, C., Kubilay, A., 2019. Eğirdir Gölü (Isparta/Türkiye) su kalitesinin mevsimsel değişimi. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 36(1), 13-23. DOI: 10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.1.02
  • Chang, H., Chen, C., Wang, G., 2013. Characteristics of C-, N-DBPs formation from nitrogen enriched dissolved organic matter in raw water and treated wastewater effluent. Water Research 47, 2729-2741.
  • Chhipi-Shrestha, G., Rodriguez, M., Sadiq, R., 2018. Unregulated disinfection by products in drinking water in Quebec: A meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Management 223, 984–1000.
  • Chu, W., Gao, N., Yin, D., Krasner, S. W., 2013. Formation and speciation of nine haloacetamides, an emerging class of nitrogenous DBPs, during chlorination or chloramination. Journal of Hazardous Materials 260, 806– 812.
  • Davraz, A., Şener, Ş., Şener, E., 2016. Su Kaynaklarının Kullanma ve Koruma Metodolojisinin Geliştirilmesi: Eğirdir Gölü Havzası Örneği. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi 4(3), 227-238.
  • Ding, S., Chu, W., 2017. Recent advances in the analysis of nitrogenous disinfection by-products. Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry14, 19–27.
  • Du, Y., Zhang, X., Li, C., Wu, Q. Y., Huang, H., Hu, H. Y., 2017. Transformation of DON in reclaimed water under solar light irradiation leads to decreased haloacetamide formation potential during chloramination. Journal of Hazardous Materials 340, 319–325.
  • Fan, Z., Gong, S., Xu, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Yu, X., 2014. Characterization, DBPs formation, and mutagenicity of different organic matter fractions in two source waters. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 217, 300–306.
  • Gan, X., Karanfil, T., Kaplan Bekaroglu, S. S., Shan J., 2013. The control of N-DBP and C-DBP precursors with MIEX ®. Water Research 47, 1344-1352.
  • Güneş, K., Dönertaş, S.A., Metin, E., Şenduran, C., Dikerler, T., Arlı, Ö., Olgun, A., Aktaş, Ö., Aydöner, C., Özdemir, Ö., Ayaz, S., Tüfekçi, H., Tüfekçi, V., Atabay, H., Mantıkçı, A.M., İnal, Ö., Kara, E., Konya, Y., Sapmaz, K., Çelik, S., Enginsoy, G., Yakupoğlu, G., Çelemen, M., 2011. İçme ve kullanma suyu kaynağı olarak kullanılan Eğirdir gölü havza koruma planı ve özel hüküm belirlenmesi projesi. Proje Sonuç Raporu. Proje no:5098116. TÜBİTAK-MAM, Gebze, Kocaeli, 400 s.
  • Hong, H., Xiong, Y., Ruan, M., Liao, F., Lin, H., Liang, Y., 2013. Factors affecting THMs, HAAs and HNMs formation of Jin Lan Reservoir water exposed to chlorine and monochloramine. Science of the Total Environment 444 196–204.
  • Hu, H., Jiang, C., Ma, H., Ding, L., Geng, J., Xu, K., Huang, H., Ren, H., 2017. Removal characteristics of DON in pharmaceutical wastewater and its influence on the N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential and acute toxicity of DOM. Water Research 109, 114-121.
  • Hu, J., Chu, W., Sui, M., Xu, B., Gao, N., Ding, S., 2018. Comparison of drinking water treatment processes combinations for the minimization of subsequent disinfection by-products formation during chlorination and chloramination. Chemical Engineering Journal 335, 352–361.
  • Hua, G., Reckhow, D. A., Abusallout, I., 2015. Correlation between SUVA and DBP formation during chlorination and chloramination of NOM fractions from different sources. Chemosphere ,130, 82–89.
  • İTASHY, 2005. İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular Hakkında Yönetmelik. Resmî Gazete Tarihi: 17.02.2005 Resmî Gazete Sayısı: 25730
  • Karadirek, İ. E., Kara, S., Yılmaz, G., Altındal, T., Muhammetoğlu, H., Muhammetoğlu, A., Kitiş, M., Soyupak, S., Yiğit, N. Ö., Harman, B. İ., Palanci, İ., Özden, T., Cengiz, K., 2012. Antalya Konyaaltı Bölgesi İçme Suyu Kalitesinin İzlenmesi ve Yönetimi. Çevre Bilim &Teknoloji Teknik Dergi.
  • Kaplan Bekaroğlu, Ş. Ş., 2013. Çevre Mühendisliği ve Bilimi için Kimya, Bölüm 25: Azot (Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science, Chapter 25: Nitrogen, Çeviri), Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ed: İsmail Toröz, Nisan 2013.
  • Kitiş, M., Yiğit, N. Ö., Harman, B. İ., Muhammetoğlu, H., Muhammetoğlu, A., Karadirek, İ. E., Demirel, İ., Özdenç, T., Palancic, I., 2010. Occurrence of Trihalomethanes in Chlorinated Groundwaters with Very Low Natural Organic Matter and Bromide Concentrations. Environmental Forensics, 11:264–274.
  • Krasner, S. W., Mitch, W. A., McCurry, D. A., Hanigan, D., Westerhoff, P., 2013. Formation, precursors, control, and occurrence of nitrosamines in drinking water: A review. Water Research 47, 4433-4450.
  • Kristiana, I., Liew, D., Henderson, R. K., Joll, C. A., Linge, K. L., 2017. Formation and control of nitrogenous DBPs from Western Australian source waters: Investigating the impacts of high nitrogen and bromide concentrations. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 58, 102-115.
  • Kumari, M., Gupta S.K., 2015. Modeling of trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water supplies: a case study of eastern part of India. Environ Sci Pollut Res22:12615–12623.
  • Lee, W., Westerhoff, P., Croue J.P., 2007. Dissolved organic nitrogen as a precursor for chloroform, dichloroacetonitrile, N-nitrosodimethylamine, and trichloronitromethane. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41 (15) (2007), pp. 5485-5490.
  • Lin, J., Chen, X., Zhu, A., Hong, H., Liang, Y., Sun, H., Lin, H., Chen, J., 2018. Regression models evaluating THMs, HAAs and HANs formation upon chloramination of source water collected from Yangtze River Delta Region, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 160, 249–256.
  • Lu, C., Li, S., Gong, S., Yuan, S., Yu, X., 2015. Mixing regime as a key factor to determine DON formation in drinking water biological treatment. Chemosphere 139, 638–643.
  • Mishra, B. K., Priya, T., Gupta, S. K., Sinha, A., 2016. Modeling and Characterization of Natural Organic Matter and Its Relationship with The THMs Formation. Global NEST Journal, Vol 18, No 4, pp 803-816.
  • Özgür, C., 2019. Farklı Su Kaynaklarında ve Şebekelerde Karbonlu ve Azotlu Dezenfeksiyon Yan Ürünlerinin Oluşumu. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi.
  • Rook, J. J., 1974. Formation of haloforms during chlorination of natural water, Water Treat. Exam. 23 234–243.
  • Şener, E., Varol, S., Şener, Ş., Davraz, A., 2019. Assessment of The Stream Network Pollution in The Eğirdir Lake Basin (Turkey) Using Water Quality Index and Multivariate Analysis. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi 7(2), 352 – 368.
  • Tan, Y., Lin, T., Jiang, F., Dong, J., Chen, W., Zhou, D., 2017. The shadow of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), a typical nitrogenous disinfection by-product (N-DBP), in the water works and its backwash water reuse. Chemosphere 181, 569-578.
  • USEPA, 1993. “Method 350.1: Nitrogen, Ammonia (Colorimetric, Automated Phenate),” Revision 2.0. Cincinnati, OH
  • Uzun, H., Kim, D., Karanfil, T., 2015. Seasonal and temporal patterns of NDMA formation potentials in surface waters. Water Research 69, 162-172.
  • Westerhoff, P., Mash, H., 2002. Dissolved organic nitrogen in drinking water supplies: a review. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology—AQUA.
  • Xue, C., Wang, Q., Chu, W., Templeton, M. R., 2014. The impact of changes in source water quality on trihalomethane and haloacetonitrile formation in chlorinated drinking water. Chemosphere, 117, 251–255.
  • YSKY, 2012. Yerüstü Su Kalite Yönetmeliği. Resmî Gazete Tarihi: 30.11.2012 Resmî Gazete Sayısı: 28483

SEASONAL MONITORING DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN IN DIFFERENT DRINKING WATER RESOURCES AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

Year 2020, , 961 - 972, 24.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.724137

Abstract

As it is the precursor of nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) with high cytotoxic and genotoxic properties, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) has gained importance in water supply and treatment in recent years. In recent studies, it was determined that DON concentrations in drinking water resources increased due to reasons such as agricultural activities, domestic and industrial wastewater discharges and increase of algae activities. The main purpose of this study is to determine the seasonal variation of DON in different water sources and drinking water systems. Two different drinking water sources, namely Egirdir Lake and Karaagac Water Source and three different water distribution systems, namely Isparta, Konyaaltı and Kumluca, were monitored monthly for one year. The highest and lowest DON values for Egirdir Lake were 0.74 and 0.15 mg/L, respectively. The highest and lowest DON values for Karaagac water source were measured as 0.58 and 0.09 mg/L, respectively. For Egirdir Lake, the DON is higher for the autumn months and DON value was 0.78 mg/L. In the water distribution systems, the highest DON values for Isparta, Konyaaltı and Kumluca were 0.37; 0.39 and 0.14 mg/L, respectively. It has been reported that N-DBPs formation potential is high in waters with low DOC/DON ratio. In the tested water sources in this study, the DOC/DON ratio was very low. In addition to formation of N-DBPs, it is important to monitor the DON values in drinking water sources and water distribution systems due to cause membrane fouling and cannot be removed after conventional water treatment.

Project Number

4722-D2-16

References

  • Al-Omari, A., Muhammetoğlu, A., Karadirek, E., Jiries, A., Batarseh, M., Topkaya, B., Soyupak, S., 2014. A Review on Formation and Decay Kinetics of Trihalomethanes in Water of Different Qualities. Clean–Soil, Air, Water, 42(12), 1687–1700.
  • APHA, 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Environmental Federation, Washington DC.
  • ASAT, 2015. Antalya Büyükşehir Belediyesi, Su ve Atıksu İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü, Çevre Koruma ve Kontrol Dairesi Başkanlığı, Su Kalite Kontrol Laboratuvarı, Laboratuvar Şube Müdürlüğü (Web Sitesi: https://www.asat.gov.tr/tr/su_kalite.html).
  • Bazri, M. M., Martijn, B., Kroesbergen, J., Mohseni, M., 2016. Impact of anionic ion exchange resins on NOM fractions: Effect on N-DBPs and C-DBPs precursors. Chemosphere, 144, 1988–1995.
  • Bond, T., Templeton, M. R., Graham, N., 2012. Precursors of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in drinking water–A critical review and analysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials 235– 236 1– 16.
  • Bond, T., Kamal, N. H. M., Bonnisseau, T., Templeton, M. R., 2014. Disinfection by-product formation from the chlorination and chloramination of amines. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 278, 288–296.
  • Bulut, C., Kubilay, A., 2019. Eğirdir Gölü (Isparta/Türkiye) su kalitesinin mevsimsel değişimi. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 36(1), 13-23. DOI: 10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.1.02
  • Chang, H., Chen, C., Wang, G., 2013. Characteristics of C-, N-DBPs formation from nitrogen enriched dissolved organic matter in raw water and treated wastewater effluent. Water Research 47, 2729-2741.
  • Chhipi-Shrestha, G., Rodriguez, M., Sadiq, R., 2018. Unregulated disinfection by products in drinking water in Quebec: A meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Management 223, 984–1000.
  • Chu, W., Gao, N., Yin, D., Krasner, S. W., 2013. Formation and speciation of nine haloacetamides, an emerging class of nitrogenous DBPs, during chlorination or chloramination. Journal of Hazardous Materials 260, 806– 812.
  • Davraz, A., Şener, Ş., Şener, E., 2016. Su Kaynaklarının Kullanma ve Koruma Metodolojisinin Geliştirilmesi: Eğirdir Gölü Havzası Örneği. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi 4(3), 227-238.
  • Ding, S., Chu, W., 2017. Recent advances in the analysis of nitrogenous disinfection by-products. Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry14, 19–27.
  • Du, Y., Zhang, X., Li, C., Wu, Q. Y., Huang, H., Hu, H. Y., 2017. Transformation of DON in reclaimed water under solar light irradiation leads to decreased haloacetamide formation potential during chloramination. Journal of Hazardous Materials 340, 319–325.
  • Fan, Z., Gong, S., Xu, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Yu, X., 2014. Characterization, DBPs formation, and mutagenicity of different organic matter fractions in two source waters. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 217, 300–306.
  • Gan, X., Karanfil, T., Kaplan Bekaroglu, S. S., Shan J., 2013. The control of N-DBP and C-DBP precursors with MIEX ®. Water Research 47, 1344-1352.
  • Güneş, K., Dönertaş, S.A., Metin, E., Şenduran, C., Dikerler, T., Arlı, Ö., Olgun, A., Aktaş, Ö., Aydöner, C., Özdemir, Ö., Ayaz, S., Tüfekçi, H., Tüfekçi, V., Atabay, H., Mantıkçı, A.M., İnal, Ö., Kara, E., Konya, Y., Sapmaz, K., Çelik, S., Enginsoy, G., Yakupoğlu, G., Çelemen, M., 2011. İçme ve kullanma suyu kaynağı olarak kullanılan Eğirdir gölü havza koruma planı ve özel hüküm belirlenmesi projesi. Proje Sonuç Raporu. Proje no:5098116. TÜBİTAK-MAM, Gebze, Kocaeli, 400 s.
  • Hong, H., Xiong, Y., Ruan, M., Liao, F., Lin, H., Liang, Y., 2013. Factors affecting THMs, HAAs and HNMs formation of Jin Lan Reservoir water exposed to chlorine and monochloramine. Science of the Total Environment 444 196–204.
  • Hu, H., Jiang, C., Ma, H., Ding, L., Geng, J., Xu, K., Huang, H., Ren, H., 2017. Removal characteristics of DON in pharmaceutical wastewater and its influence on the N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential and acute toxicity of DOM. Water Research 109, 114-121.
  • Hu, J., Chu, W., Sui, M., Xu, B., Gao, N., Ding, S., 2018. Comparison of drinking water treatment processes combinations for the minimization of subsequent disinfection by-products formation during chlorination and chloramination. Chemical Engineering Journal 335, 352–361.
  • Hua, G., Reckhow, D. A., Abusallout, I., 2015. Correlation between SUVA and DBP formation during chlorination and chloramination of NOM fractions from different sources. Chemosphere ,130, 82–89.
  • İTASHY, 2005. İnsani Tüketim Amaçlı Sular Hakkında Yönetmelik. Resmî Gazete Tarihi: 17.02.2005 Resmî Gazete Sayısı: 25730
  • Karadirek, İ. E., Kara, S., Yılmaz, G., Altındal, T., Muhammetoğlu, H., Muhammetoğlu, A., Kitiş, M., Soyupak, S., Yiğit, N. Ö., Harman, B. İ., Palanci, İ., Özden, T., Cengiz, K., 2012. Antalya Konyaaltı Bölgesi İçme Suyu Kalitesinin İzlenmesi ve Yönetimi. Çevre Bilim &Teknoloji Teknik Dergi.
  • Kaplan Bekaroğlu, Ş. Ş., 2013. Çevre Mühendisliği ve Bilimi için Kimya, Bölüm 25: Azot (Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science, Chapter 25: Nitrogen, Çeviri), Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık, Ed: İsmail Toröz, Nisan 2013.
  • Kitiş, M., Yiğit, N. Ö., Harman, B. İ., Muhammetoğlu, H., Muhammetoğlu, A., Karadirek, İ. E., Demirel, İ., Özdenç, T., Palancic, I., 2010. Occurrence of Trihalomethanes in Chlorinated Groundwaters with Very Low Natural Organic Matter and Bromide Concentrations. Environmental Forensics, 11:264–274.
  • Krasner, S. W., Mitch, W. A., McCurry, D. A., Hanigan, D., Westerhoff, P., 2013. Formation, precursors, control, and occurrence of nitrosamines in drinking water: A review. Water Research 47, 4433-4450.
  • Kristiana, I., Liew, D., Henderson, R. K., Joll, C. A., Linge, K. L., 2017. Formation and control of nitrogenous DBPs from Western Australian source waters: Investigating the impacts of high nitrogen and bromide concentrations. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 58, 102-115.
  • Kumari, M., Gupta S.K., 2015. Modeling of trihalomethanes (THMs) in drinking water supplies: a case study of eastern part of India. Environ Sci Pollut Res22:12615–12623.
  • Lee, W., Westerhoff, P., Croue J.P., 2007. Dissolved organic nitrogen as a precursor for chloroform, dichloroacetonitrile, N-nitrosodimethylamine, and trichloronitromethane. Environ. Sci. Technol., 41 (15) (2007), pp. 5485-5490.
  • Lin, J., Chen, X., Zhu, A., Hong, H., Liang, Y., Sun, H., Lin, H., Chen, J., 2018. Regression models evaluating THMs, HAAs and HANs formation upon chloramination of source water collected from Yangtze River Delta Region, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 160, 249–256.
  • Lu, C., Li, S., Gong, S., Yuan, S., Yu, X., 2015. Mixing regime as a key factor to determine DON formation in drinking water biological treatment. Chemosphere 139, 638–643.
  • Mishra, B. K., Priya, T., Gupta, S. K., Sinha, A., 2016. Modeling and Characterization of Natural Organic Matter and Its Relationship with The THMs Formation. Global NEST Journal, Vol 18, No 4, pp 803-816.
  • Özgür, C., 2019. Farklı Su Kaynaklarında ve Şebekelerde Karbonlu ve Azotlu Dezenfeksiyon Yan Ürünlerinin Oluşumu. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi.
  • Rook, J. J., 1974. Formation of haloforms during chlorination of natural water, Water Treat. Exam. 23 234–243.
  • Şener, E., Varol, S., Şener, Ş., Davraz, A., 2019. Assessment of The Stream Network Pollution in The Eğirdir Lake Basin (Turkey) Using Water Quality Index and Multivariate Analysis. Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi 7(2), 352 – 368.
  • Tan, Y., Lin, T., Jiang, F., Dong, J., Chen, W., Zhou, D., 2017. The shadow of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), a typical nitrogenous disinfection by-product (N-DBP), in the water works and its backwash water reuse. Chemosphere 181, 569-578.
  • USEPA, 1993. “Method 350.1: Nitrogen, Ammonia (Colorimetric, Automated Phenate),” Revision 2.0. Cincinnati, OH
  • Uzun, H., Kim, D., Karanfil, T., 2015. Seasonal and temporal patterns of NDMA formation potentials in surface waters. Water Research 69, 162-172.
  • Westerhoff, P., Mash, H., 2002. Dissolved organic nitrogen in drinking water supplies: a review. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology—AQUA.
  • Xue, C., Wang, Q., Chu, W., Templeton, M. R., 2014. The impact of changes in source water quality on trihalomethane and haloacetonitrile formation in chlorinated drinking water. Chemosphere, 117, 251–255.
  • YSKY, 2012. Yerüstü Su Kalite Yönetmeliği. Resmî Gazete Tarihi: 30.11.2012 Resmî Gazete Sayısı: 28483
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Environmental Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Cihan Özgür 0000-0001-6085-1585

Deniz Barış 0000-0001-6085-1585

Meltem Kaçıkoç 0000-0002-9526-7992

Şehnaz Şule Kaplan Bekaroğlu 0000-0003-0917-7219

Project Number 4722-D2-16
Publication Date September 24, 2020
Submission Date April 20, 2020
Acceptance Date August 24, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Özgür, C., Barış, D., Kaçıkoç, M., Kaplan Bekaroğlu, Ş. Ş. (2020). SU KAYNAKLARINDA VE ŞEBEKELERDE ÇÖZÜNMÜŞ ORGANİK AZOTUN MEVSİMSEL DEĞİŞİMİNİN İZLENMESİ. Mühendislik Bilimleri Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 8(3), 961-972. https://doi.org/10.21923/jesd.724137